MINORITY SAWRKAR KAN NEI LEH MAITHEI (Plurality System Vs Majority System)

Inthlanaa thlan tlin ni turin ram ṭhenkhat chuan Plurality System an zui a, ṭhenkhatin Majority System an zui ve thung a. Majority System-ah chuan vote chhiar zawng zawng aṭanga chhût a, 100-a 50+ hmu candidate chu hnehtua (winner) puan a ni ṭhin. Tu mahin 50+% vote an hmuh loh chuan winner an awm lo tihna a ni, mipui tam zawk vote (50+%) hmu lo candidate chu a bial leh ram aiawh (representative) atan an pawm theih loh avangin.

Entirnan, Siaha MLA Constituency chuan candidate pali nei ta se la. Vote tla zawng zawng 25,000 ni ta se, candidate tu mahin majority vote (vote 12,501) an hmuh loh chuan, Majority System-ah chuan hnehtu (winner) an awm lo tihna a ni. Vote hmu sang ber pahnih an thlang ang a, chu mi pahnihte aṭang chuan duh an thlang leh dawn a ni. Hei hi run-off election an ti a. Pahnih zingah pawh chuan 50+% vote hmu an awm loh chuan, an vote ṭha leh dawn a ni. He sytem hi USA, etc ramten an hmang. He system-ah chuan, mipui tam zawk ina an duh ngei thlan tlin an ni ṭhin.

Plurality System-ah erawh chuan, majority vote hmuh a ngai lo. First past the post system hmangin vote hmu tam ber candidate chu winner-a puan a ni mai. Entirnan, Siaha MLA Constituency-ah vote 25,000 a tla a, candidate A-in vote 6,500 a hmu a, candidate B-in vote 6,000, candidate C-in vote 7,000, candidate D-in vote 5,500 hmu ta se, Plurality System-ah chuan candidate C hi winner niin MLA a ni thei. A vote hmuh zat erawh chu 100-a 28 (28%) chauh a ni. Amah duhtu chu 100-a 28, mihring 25,000-ah 7,000 chauh an ni a, duh lotute chu 100-a 72 (72%) lai an ni. Mihring 25,000-ah absolute majority, 18,000 laiin an duh lo tihna a ni.

Chuvangin Plurality System-ah chuan, bial mipui tam zawkin an duh loh candidate chu MLA a nih theih a, ram emaw state emaw pumpuia chhutin vote tla zawng zawng aṭanga 50+% hmu lo party-in sawrkarna a siam thei a ni. Chutiang sawrkar chu vote-rte mita a lan dan (perspective) aṭang chuan minority sawrkar a nihna a awm. Plurality System hi Parliamentary System hmang UK, India, etc ten kan hman mek system a ni.

Mizoram bik thlir ta ila. Union Territory leh State kan nih hnu hian, ṭum khat chauh mipui tam zawkina kan duh leh kan vote, majority sawrkar kan nei. Chu chu UT kan hmuh tirha 1972 inthlan kum kha a ni. Independent candidate-ten seat 30-ah 24 lain, popular vote 67.55% lai hmuin sawrkarna an siam. Khami hnuah chuan, Mizoram mipui tam zawkin kan duh leh kan vote sawrkar kan nei leh tawh ngai lo. Mipui tam zawkina an duh loh (minority) sawrkar kan nei reng ṭhin a ni. Kum 1978 MPC sawrkar khan popular vote 37.47% chauh a hmu a, 1979 MPC sawrkarin 32.67%, 1984 Congress sawrkar 39.81%, 1987 MNF sawrkar 43.31%, 1989 Congress sawrkar 34.85%, 1993 Congress sawrkar 33.10%, 1998 MNF+MPC sawrkar 45.43%, 2003 MNF sawrkar 31.69%, 2008 Congress sawrkar 40.03%, 2013 Congress sawrkar 44.3%, 2018 MNF sawrkar 37.7%. Central-a kan sawrkar hrawn mek BJP sawrkar pawh hi Lok Sabha MP 303 lai a nei a, mahse popular vote chu 37.36% chauh a hmu a ni. Chuvangin minority sawrkar a nihna lai a awm ve.

United States of America angah te chuan Presidential Form of Government-in an kal a, sawrkar branch pathum – Executive, Legislative leh Judiciary te chu an hna leh a mihring pawh a hran thlapin an awm a ni. Executive branch-ah chuan President leh Vice President (State-ah Governor, Lt Governor, etc) te chauh mipui thlan tlin an ni a, cabinet post leh post lian dangte chu President-in nomination a siam a, Senate-in an pawmpui hnuah appointment pek an ni mai ṭhin. Mipui thlan tlin dangte – Senatorte leh Representative-te chu Executive Branch-ah Secretary (Minister), etc an ni ve thei lo. Inthlannaa party candidate tur siam dawnin party liante chuan primary election an nei hmasa ṭhin a, convention-a kal palaiten an vote a, hetah pawh hian Majority System hmangin an party candidate tur an thlang tlangpui ṭhin. Chuvangin hotute (High Command) duhsak lohna avanga ticket chang lo phunnawina tur a tam lo a ni.

Parliamentary System hmang UK, India, etc ramteah erawh chuan mipui tam zawkina an vote loh a sawrkar thei chu thu hran ni se, MLA leh MP te hi Sawrkar Branch pahnih, Executive leh Legislative ah an tel ve ve thei tlat a, conflict of interest te a awm thei a ni. Chuvangin Plurality System hian ṭhatna a neih rualin ṭhat lohnate a nei ve a ni. Ṭhat lohna dang leh pakhat chu, sawrkarna siam thei turin MP leh MLA majority neih a ngai a, party malin majority an neih loh chang chuan horse-trading tenawm tak a awm ṭhin a ni. Chutianga majority nei loten sawrkarna an siam theih dan leh, horse-trading awm ṭhinte hi MP Shashi Tharoor chuan a democracy lo hlea ngaiin, he thil hi pumpelh nan India hian Presidential Form of Government leh Majority System hmang tawh turin rawtna a siam a (Indian Express July 25, 2020). Indiaa mithiam circle-ah chuan sawi hlawh thil ni mah se, dan tidanglam theitu politician-te circle-ah erawh chuan ngaihtuah a hlawh vak lo a ni awm e.

USA chuan zalenna an hmuh khan an colonial master UK kal dan Constitutional Monarchy system chu kalsanin full democracy ram din an tum a ni. Common Wealth-ah pawh an tel lo. India erawh chuan kan colonial master-te kha kan la ngaisang hle niin a lang. An kal dan zawng zawng deuhthaw hi kan copy vek a nih mai hi maw. Constitutional Monarchy system-a Lal leh Vice Royal (Governor General) te dinhmunah President leh Governor te kan dah a. Hetiang system hi check and balance atan ṭhatna eng emaw chen a neih rualin, thuneihna tak tak an kutah a awm si lo a, tax payer-te sum tihral thlawnna a nihna lai a awm. Chuvangin Pu Shashi Tharoor emaw, MP dangte'n emaw, Parliamentary System leh Plurality System kan hmang mekte hi en ṭha leh a, siamṭhat (amend) tur pawimawhte siamṭhat rawtnate siam leh se la, national debate neih a ṭha hle ang.

Kumin 2023 Mizoram General Election-ah pawh hian, bial khatah party pali pangate aṭangin candidate pali panga an awm leh ang a, independent candidate-te pawh an awm leh ang. Chuvangin bial tinah hian, bial mipui tam zawkin an vote loh leh an duh loh candidate-te an tling leh maithei a, minority sawrkar kan nei leh maithei a ni. Chutichuan anmahni vote lotu majority-te phunnawina tur a tam leh hle dawn a ni. Chuvangin sawrkar siamtu party chuan Ruling Bial leh Opposition Bial tia thliarhranna nei lo a, dikna leh rinawmna nunpui chunga State pum huapzova rualkhai takin ram rawngbawl hna an thawh chuan, anmahni vote lotu majority-te rilru leh thinlung pawh an hneh thei ang a, ram kalsiam hnaah thawhpuitu an nei tam thei dawn a ni.

- Laiu Fachhai