HEBRAI, ISRAEL, JUDA & EPHRAIM

Hebrai tih awmzia hi tùn hma chuan ‘rãl lehlam mite’ tihna angin sawi a ni ṭhin a; hei hi anmahni thlahtu Ebera hming awmzia (Heb. eber - opposite, what is beyond) aṭanga lâk a ni. Mahse hei hi tûnlai mi thiamte chuan an pawm tawh vak lo. Tûnah chuan Hebrai (Heb. ibri/ibrim) tih hi Akkadian ṭawng Habiru leh Hapiru tih te, Aigupta ṭawng Apiru tih te nèn ṭobul thuhmun vekah an ngai a. Hêng mite hi hnam changkâng lo, hnam hnuaihung, mi hnuaia hnathawk an ni. Thuthlung Hluiah ‘Hebrai’ (Heb. ’ibri) hi vawi 32 hman a ni a (Gen 14.13; 39.14,17; 40.15; 41.12; 43.32; Exod 1.15,16,19; 2.6,7,11,13; 3.18; 5.3; 7.16; 9.1,13; 10.3; 21.2; Deut 15.12; 1 Sam 4.6,9; 13.3,7,19; 14.11,21; 29.3; Jer 34.9,14; Jon 1.9). Josefa leh Mosia chanchinah hman tam ber a ni. Abrahama chu ‘Hebrai mi Abrama’ tih a ni a (Gen 14.13). Hei hi Bible-a Hebrai tih lan hmasakna ber a ni. LALPA (Yahweh) chu ‘Hebrai-hote Pathian’ tih a ni a (Exod 3.18; 5.5;7.16;9.1,13;10.3). Thuthlung Hluia Hebrai tih ṭawngkam hmanna hi chîk taka kan zir chuan awmze fel tak a nei a. Hnam dangin Israel-te an sawina ṭawngkam a ni a; anmahni Israel-te chu Hebrai an inti ngai lo. Hnam dangin ‘Hebrai-ho’ tiin an sawi ṭhin a; hnam dang nèn an inbiak erawh chuan Hebrai tih chu anmahni insawi nân an hmang ve bawk. Hebrai tih chu inhmuhsitna rawng kai a ni a. Aigupta mite tân phei chuan Hebrai-ho chu chaw eipui theih an ni lo; chutiang tih chu an tân a thiang lo a ni (Gen 43.32). Thuthlung Tharah chuan Hebrai tih chu Aramaik ṭawng hmang Juda sawina a ni thung (Tirh 6.1; 2 Kor 11.22; Phil 3.5). Paula’n ‘Hebrai-te laka Hebrai’ a inti a; Palestina rama chêng tihna a ni chuang lo.

‘Israela’ tih hi Jakoba hming thar, Pathian a buan hnûa pék a ni (Gen 32.28). Tùn hmain ‘Israel’ tih chu Authorised Version (1611) beh chhanin ‘Pathian lal fa’ tihna angin sawi a ni ṭhin a; mahse ‘Israela’ tih chu ‘Pathian lal fa’ tihna ni loin ‘Pathian buantu’ tihna a ni zâwk ang. Israela thlahte chu ‘Israel fate’ (Heb. Bene-Israel) an ti. Israel tih chu Jakoba thlah hnam 12 huap sawina ṭawngkam a ni phawt a. Hei hi Deuteronomy aṭanga Samuela bu thlenga hman dàn tlángpui a ni. Hun lo kal zëlah chu aia zîm deuh zâwka hmangin hmàr lam hnamte kha Israel tih bîk an ni ta a. Juda leh Israel tia an inṭhen ṭan hi lal an neih hma tawh khán a ni a. Davida leh Solomona’n hnam 12 chunga ro an rël lai kha ‘United Kingdom of Israel & Judah’ tiin mi thiamte chuan an sawi ṭhin. Rehoboama hunah lalram a lo inṭhen khán hmàr lam chu ‘Israel ram’ tih a ni a; hnam 9½ an awm a. Chhim lam chu ‘Judai ram’ tih a ni a; Judai ramah chuan Juda hnam bákah Simeon leh Benjamin hnam ½ an tel a. Lalram a lo inṭhen khân Benjamin ram kha ṭhen a ni a; Judai khawpui Jerusalem (Jebus) pawh Benjamin rama awm a ni. Judai ramah chuan hnam 2½ an awm a; a mi chëngte pawh Juda-te tiin khai khâwm an ni.

Israel ram chu kum 722 BC-ah Assuria-in a tihchhiat ták hnûah ‘Israel’ tih chu Judai ram mite sawi nân hman a ni leh a. A hman dànah sakhua leh politics inkawp sawina ṭawngkam a lo ni ta a. Zàwlneite hman dàn ber pawh chutiang chu a ni. ‘Israel’ tih chu Jehova mite sawina a ni a. Israel lalram chhiat hnûah ‘Israel’ tih chu sakhuana ṭawngkama hman a ni. Thuthlung Hlui hun tàwp lam leh Thuthlung Thar hun tîr lamah ‘Israel’ tih chu Juda-ten anmahni insawina ṭawngkamah an hmang bîk deuh a. Hnam dangin ‘Israel’ tih aiin ‘Juda’ tih an hmang thung a ni. 1 Makabia-ah ‘Juda’ tih chu Juda-ten hnam dang nèn an inbiakin an hmang a; ‘Israel’ tih chu anmahni zînga an insawi dàn a ni. 2 Makabia-ah ‘Israel’ lang chhun chu ṭawngṭainaah chauh a ni.

Chanchin Ṭha bu hmasa 3-ah ‘Israel’ tih chu mihring leh sakhua sawina a ni a; Israel tih chu Pathian mite tih nán hman a ni. Johana’n ‘Israel’ tih hmang mang loin ‘Juda’ tih a hmang uar záwk. Paula’n ‘Israel’ chu Pathian mite tihna angin a hmang ṭhin a. Amaherawhchu Paula’n thisena Israel leh rinna avànga Israel thar a thliar chiang hle (Rom 9.6; 1 Kor 10.18). Kristiante chu ‘Pathian Israel dik tak’ (true Israel of God) tih hi a sawi dàn a ni (Gal 6.16).

‘Juda’ (Heb. Yehudi-Gr. Ioudaios-Lat. Judaeus) tih ṭawngkam hi Thuthlung Hlui lehkha­bu, Babulon saltàn hmaa ziakah Juda hnam bîk sawina a ni a. Israel lalram chhiat hnûah (722 BC) ‘Israel’ tih chu Judai lalram atân hman a ni ta a. Saltáng chhuah hnûah Juda tih chu Palestina ram, Persia awp china chêngte sawina a ni a; Persia awp chuan Jerusalem leh a chheh vêl a huam a ni. Hemi hnûah Palestina leh Grik hnuaia awm khawvêl hmun hrang hrangah Juda tih hman dàn chi hrang hrang a awm a. Palestina ramah chuan Juda tih chu politics leh hnam sawina atán hman a ni a; sakhaw thilah chuan ‘Israel’ hman a ni. Hetianga hman dàn inthliar fel deuh berna chu Apocrypha lehkhabu pakhat 1 Makabia hi a ni a. 1 Makabia-ah ‘Juda’ tih chu Jentail-te hman dàn bîk a ni a. Anmahni chuan Jentail-te nèn an inbiak chauhin Juda tih hi an hmang ṭhin (1 Mak 8.20). Grik sawrkâr hnuaia Juda darhhoten (Diaspora Jews) ‘Israel’ tih an hmang khát hle a. Juda tih chu sakhua leh hnam an sawina ber a ni. 2 Makabia-ah ‘Israel’ chu Juda-ten ṭawngṭainaah chauh hmangin Pathian chu ‘Israel-te Pathian’ an ti.

Thuthlung Tharah ‘Juda’ tih chu Jentail-te, Samari mite leh saphunte nèna thliar hranna ṭawng­kam a ni a (Joh 2.6; 4.9; Tirh 2.10; 14.1). Juda mi rênga piang an nihna a langsàr hle a; Juda Kris­tiante pawh Juda tih an ni zui zêl (Tirh 21.39; Gal 2.13; cf. Joh 8.31). Kawng lehlamah pianna hnam ni loin, sakhua avàng záwka ‘Juda tak’ tih an awm bawk (Rom 2.28-29; cf. Thup 2.9; 3.9). Heta ṭang hian Bible hman dànah ‘Juda’ tih chu danglam thei a ni a; Jakoba fapa Juda thlahte chauh sawina a ni lo. Israel lalram chhiat hnûah Israel hnam pum pui huapa hman ṭan a ni a; eng hnama mi pawh ni se, Juda sakhua zàwm apiang chu ‘Juda’ tih an ni bawk a. Saphun Juda-te pawh ‘Juda’ tih an ni zêl.

‘Ephraim’ tih hi Josefa fapa naupang záwk Ephraima thlahte sawina a ni a. Kanaan ram luah hnûah ram laili lai pêk an ni a; an awmna chu Ephraim tlângram tih a ni. Ephraim hnam aṭangin hruaitu ropui takte pawh an lo chhuak a. Josua pawh Ephraim hnam a ni a; Samuela pawh Ephraim hnam a ni ang (1 Sam 1.1). Israel lalram dintu Jeroboama I pawh kha Ephraim hnam a ni a; Israel lal tam tak pawh kha Ephraim mi an ni. Zàwlnei zîngah Isaia, Jeremia, Ezekiela leh Hosea te chuan Israel lalram sawi nán ‘Ephraim’ tih an hmang ṭhin a. Hosea chuan Ephraim tih chu Israel sawi nân vawi 36 lai a hmang. A chángin Ephraim leh Samaria chu intluka hman a ni a (Hos 7.1). Chutiang bawkin Jakoba leh Juda pawh intluka hman a ni (Hos 10.11; 5.12-14; 6.4). Hosea lehkhabûah Israel leh Ephraim chu awmze thuhmuna hman a ni.

Tùnlai chuan ‘Israel’ tih chu ram hming a ni phawt a. Israel ram mi nihna (citizenship) neite chu ‘Israel-te’ (Israelites) tih an ni a. Israel mi nihna hi Juda ni kher lo pawhin neih theih a ni a. Arab zîngah pawh Israel mi (Israelites) an tam a ni. ‘Juda’ (Jews) tih erawh chuan Israel sawrkâr dàn ang taka tisa inthlah chhàwnnaa Juda an tihte a huam a. Jakoba fapa Juda thlahte chauh sawina ni loin, Israel hnam hrang hrangte sawina ṭawngkam a ni. Thlahtu lama Juda nihna nei lo pawh Juda sakhua (Judaism) zàwmin ‘saphun Juda’ a nih theih a. Mizo-Israel (Bnei Menashe) intite pawh thlahtu lama Juda nihna neih lam thil ni loin Juda sa an phun avàngin ‘Juda’ zîngah chhiar tel an ni a, ‘saphun Juda’ an ni. Juda tih chu thisena Juda thlah tawh phawt sawina a nih bákah thisena Juda thlah ni lo, Juda sakhua (Judaism) zawm avànga Juda nite pawh a huam a. Israel rama chêng an ni thei a; hmun danga chêng pawh an ni thei bawk.

Hebrai (Hebrew) tih erawh chu tùnah chuan Juda-te ṭawng sawina a ni. Tùnlai Hebrai ṭawng (Modern Hebrew) hi kum 1860-a Ben Yehuda (7 January 1858 - 16 December 1922) chher chhuah a ni a. Ben Yehuda chu Lithuania rama mi, Palestina rama pêm a ni. Tùnlai Hebrai chu Israel sawrkâr ṭawng ‘official language’ a ni. Bible-a Hebrai thumal tam tak chhawmin a bâk chher belh tam tak a awm bawk a, an la chher belh zêl ang a; ṭawngkam thar a la piang zêl ang. Thuthlung Hlui ziakna Hebrai (Classical Hebrew) thiamin tûnlai Hebrai (Modern Hebrew) an thiam vek kher lo a, tûnlai Hebrai ṭawng thiamte pawhin Thuthlung Hlui ziahna Hebrai an thiam kher lo bawk.