World TB Day 24th March; Yes! We Can End TB!

Kan ram hian hriselna lamah tunhnai mai hian hmasawnna rahbi pawimawh tak mai a siam a, India ram pawh zeng awm lohna rama puan a ni ta. Nu leh nau chunga Sakawrek hrik natna (Tetanus) thleng ṭhin nuaibo niin, Yaws (Vun, ruh leh thling) natna aṭangin kan lo fihlim ta bawk.

Hetih lai hian kawng ṭhenkhatah mipui hriselna leh ram hmasawnna ti ṭhuanawp theih thil a la awm nual a, chung zingah chuan TB natna hi India ram mipuite hriselna ti ṭhuanawptu lian tak pakhat a ni. TB hi natna inentir ngai chi khat a ni ngawt lo a; ram leh khawtlang nunphung khawih buai thei a ni. TB natna tih han lam rik hian zahna leh endawngna lam thil bet tlat hi a awm a, a veitu hian sum leh pai lama harsatna an nei tel thei bawk.

TB natna bulṭhut

TB hi in kaichhawn theih a ni a, natna hrik ‘Mycobacterium Tuberculosis’ in a thlen a ni. TB hian a tlangpuiin chuap a tichhia a (Pulmonary TB), taksa bung hrang dang pawh a tichhe thei. Chutiang a lo nih chuan Extra – pulmonary TB tih a ni ṭhin.

Boruak kaltlangin TB natna hi a ṭaidarh a, Chuap TB natna nei (Pulmonary TB) kha a khuh emaw, a hahchhiau emaw, chil a chhak emaw khan amah aṭanga siper, te tak te te (droplet) TB hrik pai boruaka lo leng chhuak kha mi tu emawin lo hip lut palh ta sela, TB natna a kai thei a, tu pawhin an kai palh thei a ni.

TB natna hi boruak aṭanga inkai­chhawn a nih avang hian a natna vei tena an tih tur pawimawh ber pakhat chu an khuhin emaw an hahchhiauin rawmawl fai emaw puanin an hnar leh ka an hup tur a ni. Hemi piah lamah hian TB damdawi miin a ei aṭanga kar rei loteah TB natna hrik midangah a kai thei tawh lo angah ngaih a ni a. Damdawi dik tak ei a, a ei kawp tur leh ei zat tur dik tak ei a pawimawh hle.

TB hi boruakah chiah a inkai theih a, bungbel inhman ṭawm te, chaw eiho leh tuino in hman ṭawm leh in khawihin a kai theih loh. A lanchhuah dan leh hmuh chhuah dan- 1. Rihna tlahniam 2. Awm chhung na 3. Chau ngawih ngawih 4. Zana thlan fim tla 5. Khak thi 6. Khawsik 7. Kar hnih aia rei khuh 8. Chaw chakna nei lo

A natna hmuhchhuah dan

Pulmonary TB kan tih, Chuap TB neite hi an khak lain, microscopy leh CBNAAT leh Sputum Culture hmang te in a test theih a. Extra-pulmonary TB kan tih taksa peng dang, chuap ni lova TB awmte chu an taksa natna hmun a zirin X-ray leh test dang te nen doctor-in a hmuchhuak mai thei bawk a ni. Eg: Lymphnode.

Enkawl dan

TB hi a enkawl dan tur in kaih­hruaina ang thlapa a hun taka enkawl a nih a, a damdawi ei tur zat ei kim thlap chuan enkawl dam theih a ni.

Hmuhchhuah hma te, a damdawi dose ei kim leh enkawl dan mumal leh awmze nei hi TB natna nuaibo dan hlawhtling ber a ni. National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP) hnuaiah hian Sawrkar laipui chuan khua leh tuite tan a thlawn veka in entirna te, a thlawna damdawi dawn theihna leh a thlawna inenkawlna a ruahman a ni. Sawrkar damdawiin kher ni lo, mimal damdawiin thlengin a thlawna inenkawl theih a ni.

TB inenkawl chhung hi thla ruk aṭanga thla riat a ni a. Extra pulmonary TB kan tihte phei chu kum khat hial te pawh enkawl a ngai ṭhin. Sawrkar hnuaiah chuan TB inenkawlna zawng zawng hi a thlawn vekin a awm.

Drug resistant TB

Drug Resistance awmzia chu TB damdawi ṭhenkhat khan damlo taksa chhunga TB natna hrik kha a that thei lo tihna a ni. Natna hrikte kha TB damdawi ṭhenkhat lakah an lo indang tlat a, damdawi khan hna a thawk thei lo ṭhin a ni.

Drug Resistant hriat theih dan chu damlo khak lak a enthlak/ khawi (culture) tur a ni. Hei hian kar thum aṭanga kar ruk a duh ṭhin. Chu khak aṭanga bacteria lo lang chhuakte chu TB damdawi hmangin a tihhlum theih leh theih loh an hre thei ta ṭhin a ni.

Kum tam vak lo liam ta aṭang khan TB natna hmuhchhuah nan leh TB damdawi (Rifampicin) in TB natna hrik a thah theih leh theih loh darkar hnih chhung leka enfiah nan Cartridge Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (CBNAAT) hman a ni tawh a. Technology dang, Line Probe Assay (LPA) darkar 72 hun chhunga drugs resistance TB hmuchhuak thei a awm bawk. Heng test zawng zawng hi sawrkarin a thlawn vekin ram mipuite tan a ruahman a ni.

- Emmanuel Lalhunmawia, ACSMO State TB Cell, Directorate of Health Services