ṬHUTHMUN ZAI LO CHHUAHNA HRIPUI KHA ENG HRI NGE NI ANG?

Tuna Covid 19 hrileng mek avang hian upa zawk leh thil hre zawkte’n, hripui Mizoten kan lo tawrh ve tawhte an rawn sawi chhuak hlawma, social media lamah te kan lo hmu ṭhin a, a lawmawm hle. Spanish flu 1918-1920 (H1N1) te pawh khan min lo nuai ve nek tawh tih te kan hre thei ta zel a. Serchhip khuain Spanish flu (H1N1) an lo tawrh nasat dan leh Feren (France) runa kal haw te, kha mi ṭuma an ṭangkaipui dante pawh hriat tur a awm zel a, mahse he lam chu sawi zui thui lo mai ila.  

Mizo literary history i en a, eng emaw chen i zir let a nih chuan, kan rochun hla (folksong) te, eng emaw chen i chhui let chuan thil thlen hun leh kum hriat dan inang lo, kan ziak mi te ziah i hmu thei ang. Ṭiau chhak lama kan history leh literary history a chiri tlat mai hian ṭhang leh thar zawkte tan pawh thil thui leh ril zawk chhuina kawngah harsatna, mutan lianpui hi a siam tlat zel si a. 

Kan history leh literary history kan en chuan hripui avanga thil thleng ngei pakhat a awm a. Chu chu ‘ṭhuthmun zai’ lo chhuah chhan pawh kha a ni. Mahse, a chhuah hun hriat dan hi a inang hlawm tlat si lo. Chutih rualin ṭhuthmun zai hi kan hla upa ber pawl ni a sawi niin. Hrangṭhiuava chuan, “ṭhuthmun zai hi Mizo hla upa ber nia ngaih a ni” (Mizo Chanchin 263) tiin a ziak nghe nghe a. 

Kan thiam dan ang tawkin, research article pangngai ni lo, rin dan, ngaihruat dan, dik anga ngaihruat phawtna (hypothesis and assumption) anga ṭhuthmun zai lo chhuah hun laia hripui kha eng nge ni ang tiin kan chhui vena kan han tarlang dawn a ni a. History subject background kan nei loh avangin, literary history aṭangin kan chhui dawn a, a hre zawk leh mithiam zawkte’n an lo phurpui tak hlauha, thil ṭha zawk leh kan literature tan chhawrnahawm zawkte a lo chhuah theih tak hlauhin! 

Ṭhuthmun zai hlaah chuan pi pute an thih nasatzia an phuahna chu tihian kan hmu a: 

Thi lovi khua awm maw,

Fam lovi khua awm maw,

Laian suanglungpui e,

Fam lo te’n awm na ngai,

Kha hripui avang khan pi pute kha an thi tawp tawp mai a nih hmel a, nunna nei lo lungpui chauh chu thi ve thei lo a nih dan, uar taka hlaa an phuahna chu kan hla tarlan aṭang khian kan hmu thei a ni. 

Kan Mizo historian ten ṭhuthmun zai chungchang an ziah dan han tarlang leh ila, chutih rual chuan kan Mizo historian tam zawkte hian an lehkhabuah he thil thlen dan hi an ziak lang lem lo thung a. Ziaka dah te ziah dan han hmuh theih chu: 

1. Hrangṭhiauva khan ṭhuthmun zai lo chhuah kum leh a chhuah chhan a sawi chiah lo nain, a lehkhabuah tihian a ziak a: “Ṭhuthmun zai hi khawhar hla a ni a, Mizo hla upa ber nia ngaih a ni. Chhinlunga Mizo awm laia lo chhuakṭan niin an sawi. Chhinlunga an awmlai chuan hripui an vei a, an thi nasa hle mai a, a khaw khing deuh thaw an thi a. Tar chhia leh naupang chang ni lovin, nula leh tlangval ṭhalai an thi nasa em em a . . .” (264). 

Ṭhalai leh dawntuai an tliak zo ve,

Chhinlungah mi awm lo, 

vangkhaw zawng ti ula, (5-6)

tiin ṭhalai leh naupang an thih nasatzia chu an phuah a. A hming an phuah dan chu tihian a ziak a. “‘Ṭhuthmun zai’ tia an lo vuahna chhan ber chu he hla an sak hian upa deuh tak lo chu an lam ngai mang lo va, upa pawh an khawhar lunglen zual chang chauhin an lam deuh ber a. Mi tinin ṭhu chungin, mahni ṭhutna hmun aṭangin, lam lo va an sak ṭhin vang niin an sawi” (265). 

2. B.Lalthangliana chuan ṭhuthmun zai lo chhuah dan chu tihian a ziak ve thung a: 

Pi pute ṭam hriat hmasak “Thing pui tam” chu Seipui, Khawkawk, Tlang­khan, Sanzawl leh a chheh vela an awm lai kum 1520-1550 velah khan a tlain kan ring a, an ṭam nasa em em a. An hmuh ang ang intunnun nana hmangin an khawsa vel mai mai a. An ei chhiat luattuk chu an ngeih lova, hripui a leng zui ta bawk a. Chuvangin an thi nasa hle a. Tar leh naupang chauh ni lovin, nula leh tlangval tam tak pawh an thi a, a rapthlak em emin pi puten an sawi ṭhin a” (Mizo Literature 21). 

“Chutianga thihna rapthlak tak an tuar chu an ṭhuhova, an inhnem tawn tel tel a, inlainat takin an inthlamuan hlawm a. Chung lungngaihna leh ṭahna aṭang chuan, ṭhuho chungin phuah tum vang reng pawh ni lovin chham titih, sa titihin hla a lo piang ta a, an awmho dan leh a tihho dan chawiin “ṭhuthmun zai” an lo ti ta zel nghe nghe a” (21). 

3. R.L Thanmawia’n a chhui dan hi dah lang ve leh ila, ani erawh historian a ni lo a, literary history aṭanga a chhuina dan chuan: “Kan pi pute Kawlphaia an awm lai, Mizo hnahthlak chipeng hrang hrangte pawh an la awmkhawm laiin thingpui tam ṭam a tla a, chutih nak a laiin hripui a leng bawk a. He thingpui tam hi rawṭhing tam ni lovin thing lian pui pui a ro zo va, chuvangin thingpui tam an ti a, thil thleng zen zen lo a ni ang. Chu ṭampui mitthiah chuan mi leh sa an inhloh nasa em em a. Chhung tinin mitthi an nei a, inbuaipui leh chuang tur pawh an awm lo va, inhnem chuang tur pawh an awm lo va. Anmahni hmun hmunah an tuar tlawk tlawk hlawm a. Chu an lungngaihna thuk tak avanga an ṭah hla chu kan hla hmasa pawl tak a chang ta a ni” (Mizo Hla Hlui 11). 

Hrangṭhiauva chuan pi leh pute khan Chhinlung chhuahsanin, AD 1260 velah Run leh Chindwin infinna Runkhawmah (Kalewa) an lut niin a ring a. Chuti a nih chuan AD 1260 hma lamin ṭhuthmun zai chu a chhuak dawn tihna a ni, Chhinlunga an awm laia hla chhuak tia a ziah avangin.

B.Lalthangliana chuan ṭhuthmun zai lo chhuah hun hi “kum 1520-1550 velah khan a tlain kan ring a” tiin a sawi thung a. Ani pawh hian a ni chiah e chu a tibik lo a, a nih vel a rinthu a sawi chauh a.

R.L Thanmawia chuan “Ṭhuthmun zai chhuah hun hi AD 1300-1450 vel nia rin a ni” a ti a. “Run lui kan hma hla” tiin a lehkhabu Mizo hla hluiah a ziak nghe nghe a ni.

Hrilen chhan hi Hrangṭhiauva hian a sawi lang lem lo a. R.L Thanmawia leh B.Lalthanglianate chuan ‘Thingpui tam ṭam’ avanga hri hi leng niin an sawi thung.

Tichuan heng an sawi hun laia khawvel pum huapa hripui leng (pandemic) emaw ram bil, ram bung khat chhunga hripui (epidemic) lo leng tawhte han en let ila.

1. Hrangṭhiauva sawi hun AD 1260 vel hi chuan khawvel huap anga hripui leng (pandemic) chu a awm lo niin a lang. Internet lama kan zawng a, kan hmu lo palh a nih chuan thuhran ni se. Internet lama theih tawpa kan zawn ngial pawn kan hmu zo tlat si lo!

2. B.Lalthangliana’n ṭhuthmun zai chhuah hun a sawi AD 1520-1550 inkar vel hian khawvel dapa hripui leng awm lo nain, ram bung khata hrileng (epidemic) chu Mexico aṭanga chhuak Zawnghri (small pox) a awm a. Mexico lama Azteca lal ram (empire) tluk sawp tirtu kha Zawnghri (small pox)  a nih rualin, he mi hun lai hian Asia lamah chuan hripui a leng vak lem lo niin a lang. Khawvel dâpa hri leng hi hemi hun lai hian kan zawng hmu mai lo bawk a. 

3. R.L Thanmawia chuan ṭhuthmun zai chhuah hun hi AD 1300-1450 vel ni-a rin a ni a, “Run lui kan hma hla” tia a sawi bawk hun lai hian, Europe leh Asia (Eurasia) lamah ‘The Black Death’ an tih hri kha a leng ngei mai a. A hming dang chu Pestilence, the Great Bubonic Plague, the Great Plague or the Plague tih te a ni. Kha hri kha history-a khawvela mihringte chunga thihna thlentu nasa leh rapthlak ber nia sawi a ni nghe nghe.

History aṭanga kan hmuh danin kum 1330 chho khan khawvelah hmuh lâwk loh khuarel chhiatna (natural disaster) hrang hrang a thleng a. Chu chuan kum 1331-ah hri rawn kai chhuakin ṭam nasa tak a rawn thleng a. Asia-ah ringawt pawh Maktaduai 25 (25 millions) chu kum 15 chhungin an thi hman nia sawi a ni. Hri hi sazu seh leh a hrik aṭanga mihringa inkaichhawn niin, hri chuan China silk road zawhin, kum 1347-ah Constantinople (Istanbul, Turkey) a thleng thla. He hri avang hian Asia leh Europeah mi Maktaduai 75-200 thi an awm nia hriat a ni tiin internet lamah kan hmu a.

He hri lo chhuahna hi Central Asia leh East Asia a ni a. He hriin taksaa harsatna a thlen dan pakhat internet-a kan hmuh chuan tihian a inziak a. “Chuap a thlen chuan thawk lamah harsatna nasa tak siamin, hri an kai aṭang ni 2-3 hnuah an thi zawih zawih mai a ni” (Wikipedia).

Tichuan le, R.L Thanmawia’n ṭhuthmun zai chhuah hun nia a sawi kum 1300-1450 chu he hripui ‘The Black Death 1347 - 1352’ an tih nen hian a hun thuah a induh ta viau mai. Ṭhuthmun zai lo chhuah chhan kha thingtam vang niin, ṭam chuan thihna nasa tak a thlen rualin, kha ṭam thingtam kha khuarel chhiatna vanga lo thleng a ni. A khaw phel deuhthaw an pulh puk puk a, tlangval khawlai leng laite pawh an kal laite an thi tawp tawp nia sawi a ni a. Thâwkna lama harsatna a siam chuan chuan tlangval lenglai han thih tawp mai leh black death hri thawh dan chu thil induh thei tak a ni si a.

1.    A tlung e, thim khawzin a tlung e,

Khua tinah thim khaw zin a tlung e,

2.    Khua tinah thim khaw zin a tlung e,

Ṭhalai leh dawntuai an tliak zo ve,

3.    Ṭhalai leh dawntuai an tliak zo ve,

Chhinlungah mi awm lo,

vangkhaw zawng ti ula,

Tichuan, ṭhuthmun zai chhuah hun ziah leh hriat dan inang lo awm ṭhin pawh khawvel hripui leng tawh aṭanga han chhui kir chuan kum 1300-1450 vel hi a pawm nahawm ta viau mai. Run kan la kan loh chuan China kan la hnaih hle dawn tihna a ni a, China aṭanga hripui leng chuan kan pi pute kha a man pha ve a ni tih chu a rinawm ta hle?

Ṭiau an rawn kan thlak hnu paw’n, ṭhuthmun zai hlabu angin hla an la phuah zawm zel a nih a rinawm a. Hrangṭhiuava lehkhabua an hla pakhatah chuan Lurh tlangte a lan tak avangin,

Lurhpui a sang khi e,

Khuatin thlir nan a ṭha;

A chhipah chuang ila,

Fam ka ngaih khua lang maw? tiin.

Kan thuziah hi a bul lama kan sawi tawh ang khan assumption, hypothesis ang chauh a ni tih hria ila, chanchinbu lamah hian hmun thawlte a tam loh avangin duh anga chipchiarin kan ziak thei lo bawk nen. Hripui leng tawh aṭangin kan literary history kan chhui let vena hi a dik nghal vek ang tihna ni lovin, Mizo historian leh thil hre zau zawkte’n an lo hmuh ve tak hlauhin, hripui leng tawhte aṭang khan, kan literary history leh history-a thil thlen hun hriat dan leh ziah dan inang lote hi a her rem hret dante a awm dah lo’ng maw tiin kan han ziak ve ta rawih a ni e.

Works Cited

Hrangṭhiuava & Lalchungnunga, Mizo Chanchin (History & Culture of the Mizo). C.Chhuanvawra. 2011. Print.

Lalthangliana, B. Mizo Literature (Mizo Thu leh Hla).  M.C Lalrinthanga. 1993. Print.

Thanmawia, R.L. Mizo Hla Hlui (Mizo Folk Songs). Mizoram Publication Board. 2012. Print.

Electronic Sources:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Death#Chronology

https://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages/black-death