Financial Literacy Week 2023 pualin Financial Literacy chungchang

India rama Bank lama thuneitu sang ber Central Bank-Reserve Bank of India (RBI) chuan February ni 13-17 chhung hi kumin 2023 atan “Financial Literacy Hapta” ah a puang a. Kum 2016 aṭang khan thupui bik neiin kum tin hapta bik a kalpui ṭhin a, kumin thupui chu “Good Financial Behaviour-Your Saviour” tih a ni. Ram changkang zawk - USA ah te chuan kum 2004 aṭang khan April thla hi hetiang lam inzirtirna thla atan an lo hmang tawh ṭhin a. Sum enkawl dan leh commercial bank ten anmahni dawrtu mipuite tana hamṭhatna chi hrang hrang a pek (financial services) kan hriat chian hi kan ni tin nun, eizawnna leh hmasawn zel nan a pawimawh hle a ni.

Eng nge Financial Literacy chu?

Kan sum leh pai neihte awmze nei leh ṭangkai thei ang bera hman leh enkawl dan tur inzirtirna hi Financial Literacy chu a ni. Hei hian sum khawl, peipun, sum puk, sum hman tur ruahman (budgeting), insurance, pension leh thil dang tam tak a huam bawk. Tin, Bank hnathawh hrang hrang bakah Bank-in mipui tana hamṭhatna an pek theihte leh sum leh pai enkawl dan kawnghmang inhrilh hriat hi financial literacy a ni kan ti thei bawk ang. Ram hmasawn zelah sum leh pai enkawl thiamna (financial skill) neih hi mimal, chhungkua leh ram ang pawhin a pawimawh chho zel dawn a ni.

Eng vangin nge kan mamawh?

Financial Literacy chuan pawisa lam ruahmanna min hriatthiamtir a, rilruah pawisa khawl duhna a tuh a, sum puk leh thawhchhuah ṭangkai taka hmang thiam turin min zirtir bakah bank hriat chian duhna min pe a ni. Chu chuan sum leh pai thunun dan leh bank hman ṭangkai dan min zirtirin hmasawnna min thlen dawn a ni. Tun dinhmunah School leh College curriculum/ syllabus-ah a awm lo a, kan zir loh avang hian helam hawi zirtirna hi kan mamawh hle a. Bank tih kan sawi rik leh dawr dawn hian mi nawlpui chu kan la kimki deuh a, hei hian financial literacy chungchanga kan dinhmun thui tak a hril awm e. Tin, Bank lam pawhin nasa zawka Financial & Digital Literacy Campaign/Awareness an neih chhunzawm zel a ṭulzia a hriat.

Financial Literacy-a Mizoram kan dinhmun tlangpui

Kum 2011 chhiarpuiah khan Mizoram hi India rama ziak leh chhiar thiam tam lamah pathumna (91.33%) kan ni a, a lawmawm hle. Amaherawhchu, sum leh pai enkawl kawnga hmangchang hriatna (Financial Education/Literacy) ah chuan kan la hniam hle thung. National Centre for Financial Education in zirchianna an neih hmasak ber (2014) ah Mizoram chu financial literacy ah North East ah a hniam ber (6%) kan ni a, North East chu 15% niin rampum chawhrual chu 20% a ni. Thingtlang aiin khawpuiah financial literacy kan dinhmun a ṭhat zawk bakah hmeichhia aiin mipa an sang zawkin, a tlangpuiin sorkar hna thawkteah he lam chungchang hi an hre zawk a ni.

Digital Literacy chungchang

Kum 2022 atana thupui thlan kha “Go Digital-Go Secure” (Him taka Digital hman ṭangkai) tih niin, a pawimawh hle a. Kan ni tin nunah a takin kan hmang nasa tawh hle, mahni in aṭangin Tui, Electric, Internet, TV Bill leh a dang te mobile/internet kaltlangin kan pe nasa a. Ralchah dawrah ATM Card/Debit card kan hmang a, G-Pay te phei chu kan leklam ber a ni ta. Digital kan hman hian hun, tha leh sum tam tak sen a ngai lo a, sumfai kher ngai loin (cashless) kan indawr a, bill pe tura rei tak intlar a ngai ta lo, engtik hunah pawh ATM-ah pawisa kan la chhuakin eng hunah pawh online hmangin bill kan pe thei ta. Pawisa thawn tura bank-a kal kher a ngai ta lo a, rang leh him siin kan duhna hmunah kan thawn thei a, kan khawsak phung pangngai (New Normal) a ni hial tawh zawk. Union Budget 2022-23 kan en chuan sorkarin nasa taka Digital hman ṭangkai zel a tum hle a, pawisa pawh kan la hriat ngai loh digital currency siam turin RBI chuan hma a la mek a ni. Digital financial literacy lam kan inzir zel pawh a ṭul dawn - email, phone call, social media kaltlanga pawisa min ruksak tum an pung zel dawn a ni.

Financial Literacy chungchanga kan hriattur pawimawh ṭhenkhatte

1. Bank-a Account hawn: Rim taka kan sum thawhchhuahsa him taka kan dah nan te, awlsam taka pawisa thawn nan leh kan mamawh huna Bank loan kan lak ve theihna'na pawimawh hmasa ber chu bank-a Account hawn hi a ni. Bank la tlawhpawh ve loh khuate pawhin Business Correspondent/Customer Service Point te kaltlangin awlsam takin kan hawng ve thei ta.

2. Sum khawl (Savings): Mizote hi sum khawl thiam lo tak kan ni'in an sawi ṭhin, hei hi a dik thawkhat viau bawk, kan hausak vang ni loin kan retheih vang zawk hian kan theih anga tuna sum khawl hi kan tihtur pawimawh tak a ni. Pawisa khawl tura min dal fo ṭhintu chu mamawh khawp pawh hlawhchhuak lo chuan a khawl theih loh tih ngaihdan hi a ni. Thudik erawh chu tu pawhin khawlkhawm an mamawh a, tu pawhin an khawl thei bawk tih hi a ni. Kan thawhchhuah aṭangin eng emaw zat tal chu kan khawl ṭhin tur a ni. Hei hian sum tam zawk sen a ngaih thut hun damlohna te, thihna te, accident etc ah te min chhawk zangkhai thei dawn a ni. Sum khawlna atana him leh ṭha ber chu bank-a khawl a ni.

3. Pawisa puk: Fing takin kan rulh leh theih ngei tur chinah, a let ṭha tak hmuh theih ngei tur atan chauh pawisa puk tur a ni. Pawisa puk dan ṭha entirna ṭhenkhat te chu: dahkhamneia in leh lo dinna atana pawisa puk te, naupangte zirna sang zawk bei tura education loan lakte leh eizawnna bul ṭan tur emaw, eizawnna awmsa tihlen nana pukte an ni. Eiral tur emaw, hlimhlawp atan emaw, tlereuh man to leh tlaran zawnga hman atan sum kan puk tur a ni lo.

Bank ni loa (mimal/ṭhian) sum kan puk hian a pung a sang a, a him loh bakah a langtlang lo. Chuvangin pawisa kan pukin bank-a mi ngei puk kan tum tur a ni, a him a, a langtlang bawk a, a pung pawh a tlawm zawk a ni.

Pawisa kan puk hnuah kan rulhna tur installment hmaih loh tur a ni. Credit score ṭha tak hmu turin a hun takah loan rulh tur a ni. Loan lak leh rulh dan kalphung azirin Credit Score pek ṭhin a ni a. He Credit Score hi a san poh leh Loan lak a awlsam dawn a ni.

4. Sum (pawisa) enkawl dan: Rim taka kan thawhchhuah sumte hi hetiang hian ṭangtai takin kan enkawl thei ang:

▶ Tuna kan pawisa dinhmun (Income) dik tak chhutchhuah.

▶ Pawisa kan mamawhna chiang tak hriat (Eg. Kar khat, Thla khat, Kum khat, Kum hnih, Kum thum etc).

▶ Pawisa lam ziah felna/lakluh leh hmanral chhinchhiahna lehkhabu (Diary) felfai taka vawn.

▶ Hunbi neia kan sum hmuh leh hman dan ennawn (Audit).

▶ Ṭul loa sum hmanral (unnecessary expenditure) tihtlem hi sum lakluh belhna kawng khat a ni.

Heng bakah hian mi harsa zawkte banphak tura sorkar duan pawisa awm kher lo (Zero balance) a Account hawn theihna- Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojona (PMJDY) te, tawhsual leh vanduaina kan tawh palha sumlu kan neih theihna tur kum khata Rs. 20 man chauh insurance - Suraksha Bima Yojona (SBY) te, kum khata Rs. 436 pek ngai, eng vang pawha thihna huam insurance -Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojona (JJBY) te bakah hnathawhnaa pension nei lote tan, thla tina an dah zat azirin kum 60 tlin huna thla tin pension an lak theihna scheme - Atal Pension Yojona (APY) te hi kan ngaihven tur a ni. SLBC Report dan chuan 31.12.2022 thleng khan PMJDY hnuaiah mi 3,30,209 in bank account an hawng a, PMJJBY hnuaiah mi 2,87,258 in ziak lut in, SBY ah mi 4,80,568 leh APY ah mi 15,629 te an inziak lut a ni.

- Dr. Daniel Lalawmpuia, Assistant Professor
Deptt. of Economics, PUC