KUM 10 DAIH KAWNGPUI

Kawng hi chi hnihin an ṭhen a, alkatra road (flexible pavement) leh cement concrete road (rigid pavement) te an ni. Kan sawi tur hi chu alkatra hmanga kawng siam hi a ni. Kawng ṭha leh daih rei kan neih theih loh avanga hun leh sum kan hloh hnemzia hi chhut tham tak a ni a. Zirchianna mumal tak neih ni ta se, sawrkarin sum a sen hnem ang hu a, mipuiin kan chhawr tawk loh lian ber zinga mi a ni thei awm e.

John F Kennedy khan “America hi a hausak avanga kawng ṭha nei a ni lo a, kawng ṭha neih avang zawka America hi hausa a ni” a ti. Kawng siam hi miten ram hausakpui nan an hman laiin, keini hian kan kawng siam hi kan retheih pui zawk em aw tih theih a ni. Kawng daih rei zawng (design life) hi kum 10-15 vel tal ni tura a ngaih a nih lai a, kan kawngpui te hi kum 3-4 vel chauh a daih mai hian ngaihtuahna a tithui hle. India rama average road density chu 179.60 km/ 100 sq.km a nih laiin Mizoramah chuan 43.97 km/ 100 sq.km chauh a la ni a. Kan kawng neihchhun te hi thui tak ni lo mahse, kan kawng chhiat avanga kan tawrhna hi a nasat em avangin tih takzeta kan ngaihtuahna kan sen a hun hle.

Kawngchhiat hma chhan nia langte: Kawng chhiat hma chhan hi sawi dan hrang hrangah chuan, lung chang tawk lo, lirthei rit tlan an tam avang leh ruahtui tam lutuk avang te hi a ni ber a. Hengte hi kan kawng chhiat hma chhan ber te chu an ni. Kawng siamna tur sum chheprelhna avanga kawng chhia te chu awm ve mahse, dik taka technical specification zawm thlapa siamah pawh, kan kawng hi a ṭhat rei ṭhin loh avangin a dik lo lai hi dap a ngai a ni.

Kan buaipui tur zawk nia lang chu tun dinhmun aṭang hian kan kawng te hi tlo zawkin engtinnge kan siam theih ang tih hi a ni.

Kum 3-4 kawngpui (tun dinhmun) hi tuna kan kawngpui hmuh leh kan neih tlanglawn lai mek a ni a. Kan kawngpuite hi Indian Road Congress (IRC) leh Ministry of Road and Transport & Highway (MORT&H) te kaihhruaina zulzui a siam a ni ṭhin. Heng kaihhruaina hi zawm thlap thei ila chuan kan kawng te hi kum 3-4 daih kawngpui aṭangin kum 4-7 daih kawngpuiah kan siam theih a rinawm. Chung atana pawimawh ber chu tui che vel khuahkhirh leh a enkawlna (maintenance) tihṭhat te hi a ni.

Tui hi kawnga a tlin reng chuan lung leh alkatra incharna a tihphelh awlsam avangin tui kawngpui aṭanga a luan bo zung zung hi thil pawimawh tak a ni a. Kawngpui siam lama mithiam Andrew Dawson chuan kawng a tlo theihna tura thil pawimawh pathum a sawite chu “Pakhatnaah, side drain ṭha. Pahnihnaah side drain ṭha. Pathumnaah pawh side drain ṭha tho a ni” a ti.

Mizorama kan kawngte kan en chuan sawrkarin maintenance fund a neih tawk loh vang te pawh a ni thei a, side drain awm lo leh tihfai loh kan ngah hle. Kawngba vai te hi chu kumtin tih a ni a, tuihawk luankawr erawh hi chuan tihfai a hlawh khat hle.

Kawng a lo tlo zawk theih nan hengte hi ngai pawimawh thei ila: Kawngpuia tui lo khuap thei khawpa kawngsir sang (high shoulder) hi kawng aia hniam dah ngei ngei tur a ni. Side drain leh culvert leiin a hnawh nasat avanga ping thin hi fur thlen hma leh fur laiin endik a, tihfai zel ni se. Kawngkhuar (Potholes) a awm reng rengin fur thlen hmain thawmṭhat (patching) tih nghal zel ni se. Pothole te hi hnawh vat a nih loh chuan kawng ṭha laia lirthei ke leh kawng insi rem ṭhin kha, khuarah chuan a tum/ tauh (impact) ta ṭhin a. Hetia lirthei rihna leh kawng an lo intauh chawrh chawrh takah chuan lirthei pawhin a chhiat hma phah bakah, kawngpuia lung te a keh chak zual ta phah a. He intauhna avanga kawngpuiin lirthei rihna a dawn chu khuar a thuk dan a zirin a let hnih emaw a aia tam emaw in a lo pun tak avangin pothole awm tawhnaah chuan kawng a chhe chak zual bik ṭhin.

Kawng enkawlna (maintenance) chi thum uluk taka tih ngaite chu - Routine/ Normal Maintenance: Hei hian hunbi pawh awm loa kawng chhiat dan ang zela siamṭhat hna (repair) thawh a ni. Entirnan: Leimin paih fai te, side drain hnawh paih fai te, kawng khuar hnawh ang chi te a huam ang. Periodical Maintenance: Hetah hi chuan hunbi nei a maintenance kalpui a ni. Entirnan: Resurfacing, Retaining wall chim leh ṭha tawh lo te, lei tlahniam te, culvert thlak ngai te ang chi te a huam. Special Maintenance: chhiatrupna lo thleng avanga kawng bal te, leimin nasa takin kawng a hnawh pin te avanga hmanhmawh thil thu a chetlak ngaihna hi a ni.

Kum 10-15 daih kawngpui nei tur hian IRC kaihhruaina pawh hi kan ramah hian hmang thlap pawh ni ila, kum 10 daih hi chu thil har tak a ni. Phai ram anga chhun pawn (embankment) chunga kawng siam ang hi tlangramah a theih ve lo a, tlang pang laih ngai zel zawk a ni. Tlang pang kan laih hian lung chang leh no deuh te, leimuk ṭha leh thawl deuh te leh tuitai put va sut tum te a awm ṭhin a. Heng kawng-in a va sut tlang lei, lung leh tui awmdan hian kan kawng tlo leh tlo lo ah kawngro a su nghal em em.

Kawng atana kan laih tur leilung awmdan hian kawng zawn dan (alignment survey) ah pawh nghawng a nei nghal a ni. Keini tlangram atan chuan lei lam (geotechnical), lung lam (geology) leh tui lam (hydrology) te dinhmun kan zirchian zel loh chuan kan kawng hi a tlo ang tih sawi lawk theih a ni lo.

Rawtna: Kawngpui hi kan ram leilung leh sik leh sa milin siam a ngai a, heng kan tlangram awih dan te, lung inthuahthip mut dan leh awn dan, lung hawizawng leh lung chan dan (geological features) te; ruahtui tam dan, leihnuai tui leh tlang panga aṭanga a tuitai putchhuah dan (hydrological features) te; lei chak zawng te leh lung chan dan a zirin kawngpui ruhrel hi ruahman (design) a ngai niin a lang. Phairam leilung leh siksa mila kawngpui kan siam hi kan tlo pui si lo a, kan tlangram dinhmun (condition) milin kawngpui kan siam hi tih makmawh a ni ta.

Kan ṭhenawm Bangladesh te hian lung an neih ṭhat loh avangin Assam leh Meghalaya aṭangin lung te hi an chawlut ṭhin a. An kawngpui siam nan te pawh lung an neih tlem em avangin lung aiah brick hmangin kawng tlo takin an siam thei.

Lung len zawng chawhpawlh tawk (gradation) code bu in a sawi tam zawk hi chu lung chang ṭha (hard rock) atan a ni. Kan ram lung (sedimentary rock) no deuh lamah chuan, heng design gradation hi a ṭha tawk lo - tihdan thar kan mamawh a ni.

Kawng siam nan hian lung te zawk guideline sawi ang a kan hman chhan chu, rihna insemrualnaah (load distribution) leh rihna inhlanchhawnah (load transfer) a ṭhat avang a ni. Chutih laiin, kan ramah hian lung te zawkten an tih tur ber lirthei rihna lo do let chu lo ti ve ngei mahse, load distribution/transfer tam tak an tih theih hma hauh a, an lo keh tak ṭhin avangin an thawh tur ber (function) ah an hlawhchham a; chu chuan kawng khuar (localized pothole) leh khi (crack) a siam ta ṭhin a ni.

Lung lian zawk chawhpawlh (large gradation) hman hi lirthei rihna dolet kawngah leh tui hnathawh lo do let kawngah a ṭha zawk tih kan ram lung bikah zirchhuah a ni tawh a. Lung lian remkhawma chilmuk te hian lung te aiin mukna (density) pe tlem thei zawk mahse do let theihna (toughness) lung te aiin an pe tam thei zawk a ni.

Lung lian zawk te hian sik leh sa hnathawh (weathering action) pawh an tuar thei zawk bawk. Tin, lung hi plastic hmang leh cement hmanga tuam (coat) in a tihchak theih bawk.

Tuitai putna hmun (water table san-na) hmun reng rengah tui a rang thei ang bera a luan bo (drain-off) theihna tur leh tuiin kawngpui a chiah reng lohna tur atan kawng ruhrel pawh heng hmun bikah hian a bik takin design hmang thei ila. Kawng siamna tur hmanrua leh a siam dan phung (construction method)-ah quality ngai pawimawh hle zel ila.

Kawng dinhmun zirchianna (road perfor­mance study) neih ṭhin a, chumi zirchianna ang zel a, kawngpui enkawl dan tur, kawng design leh a siam dan method te thlenga thlak ngai a awm chuan thlak zel turin inruahman ila. A chunga rawtna kan neih angte zirchianna nena kan hman chuan kum 10 daih kawngpui kan nei thei ang.

Joshimath khawpui lei khi leh tlahniam an sawi ṭuma an sawi tel chu, phailam hmasawnna ruhrel ang tlangramah an hmang ve mai a ni tih hi a ni. Keini pawh hi kan kawng chhiat hma chhanah hian phai lam kawngpui siam dan tlang ramah an hmang ve mai alawm le, min la ti palh hlauh ang e.

- H Laldintluanga