CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEME (CSS) CHUNGCHANG HI LE

Sawrkar laipui hnuaiah scheme chi hnih pawimawh tak tak Central Sector Scheme leh Centrally Sponsored Scheme te a awm a. Central Sector Scheme hi sawrkar laipui hnuaia awm, sawrkar laipui enkawl leh ruahman, sum pawh sawrkar laipuiin zaah za a tum a ni. Central Sector Scheme hi India danpui Seventh Schedule hnuaia Union List behchhana ruahman a ni.

Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) erawh hi chu sawrkar laipui ruahman, State sawrkarin a enkawl, sum leh pai pawh sawrkar laipui leh State sawrkar inthawhṭawm (sharing) a ni thung. State list leh Concurrent list hnuaia aṭangin CSS te hi ruahman a ni. CSS hian a huam zau hle. Tui thianghlim intur ruahmanna te, hriselna te, zirna te, vantlang thiang­hlimna lam te, ruah­tui khawlna lam te, kawng­pui inkalpawhna te, mi rethei chhawmdawlna te, thingtlang mite inhlawh­fakna, ei tur ṭha, naupang leh hmeichhiate ham­ṭhatna, mirethei chenna in ruahmanna te, leh hnam hnufual hamṭhatna lam te a ni.

Sawrkar laipui sum (central transfers)

Mizoram sawrkar sum hmuh (revenue receipt) zaah 80 chuang hi sawrkar laipui aṭanga hmuh a ni. Sawrkar laipui aṭanga sum hmuh te hi ‘Central transfers’ tih a ni. Central transfers hi hlawm hnih, Finance Commission aṭanga hmuh leh Sawrkar laipui ṭanpuina (grants-in aid) ah chi hrang hrangah te ṭhen theih a ni. Hmanna tur awmsa hi ‘tied fund’ tih a ni a; state sawrkarin a duh anga a hman theih ho hi ‘untied fund’ tih a ni thung.

Finance Commission (FC) ruahmanna hnuaia sum hmuh te hi sawrkar laipui chhiaha state chanvo (devolution of central taxes & duties) leh FC rawtna anga dawn ṭanpuina chi hrang hrangte a ni. Sawrkar laipui chhiah a state chanvo hi ‘untied fund’ a ni a, formula fel tak hmanga state hrang hrang chanvo ruahmanna anga dawn a ni.

State pachhe zual, sawrkar laipui chhiah aṭanga an chanvo tur an dawn hnu pawha suma la indaih lo an awm ṭhin a. Hengho tan bik hian Finance Commission hian ṭanpuina chi khat, sum indaihlohna phuhrukna tur ‘Post-devolution Revenue Deficit Grant’ a siam sak ṭhin a. Hei hi Mizoram sawrkar pawhin hmu vein, state innghahna sum pawi­mawh berte zinga mi a ni.

Sawrkar hnathawk hlawh leh tul dang atana hman theih ‘untied fund’ a ni. Finance Commission aṭanga Grant dang te hi hmanna tur awmsa (tied fund) an ni. Kan hriat lar zual te chu State Disaster Fund leh Local Body Grant te hi a ni awm e.

Hmar chhak state te hian Finance Commission ruahmanna bakah sum hmuhna a la nei nual mai. Chungte chu Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) leh hmar chhak state pual Ministry of Develop­ment of North Eastern Region (MDoNER) sum Non-Lapsable Central Pool of Resources (NLCPR) te, North East Special Infrastructure Develop­ment Scheme (NESIDS) leh North Eastern Council (NEC) scheme te an ni.

Kum 2022-23 hian Central Budget aṭangin Scheme thar PM Development Initiative for North East India ruahman a ni a, hei hi NEC hnuaia thawh tur a ni awm e. Heng bakah hian Ministry/ Department aṭangin a hranpain ṭan­puina dawn theih tlem azawng a awm nual bawk. Entirnan, Schedule Tribe te hamthatna (welfare grants) leh Central Road Fund aṭanga tanpuina angte a ni.

CSS CHANCHIN TAWI
Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) hi Planning Commission hunlaia sawrkar laipuiin State sawrkarte a ṭanpuina tura duan leh ruahman a ni. CSS vanglai (9th Plan 1997-2002) khan CSS scheme hi 360 lai a awm. Plan 12 tawp lamah khan CSS kalphung hi siamṭhain, scheme 66 chauh kalpui a ni ta a. Kum 2015 (March) a Planning Commission tihtawp a nih khan NITI Aayog hnuaiah CSS kalphung thar ruahman a ni a. Prime Minister hova NITI Aayog Governing Council inhmuhkhawmna hmasa ber March 9, 2015-ah CSS kalphung siamṭhatu tur Sub-Group of Chief Minister din a ni. He Sub-Group rawtna angin CSS hnuaiah National Development Agenda tihpuitlinna tur scheme dah pawimawh ni se a tih angin CSS te chu hlawm hrang pathum- Core of the Core scheme, Core Scheme leh Optional scheme-ah te ṭhen a ni.

‘Core of the Core Scheme’ hnuaiah hian scheme paruk dah a ni. Hmeichhia leh tar chak lo hamṭhatna te, ni za inhlawhna (MGNREGA) te, Scheduled Caste/ Tribe leh hnam te nau dang hamṭhatna lamte dah a ni. Core scheme hnuaiah hian scheme 20 lai dah a ni thung. Scheme ṭhenkhat state-ten an thlan theih a awm nual; hengte hi Optional scheme hnuaiah dah a ni.

Sawrkar laipui leh State sawrkar sum thawh dan tur pawh siam fel nghal a ni. Core of the Core scheme te chu an kalphung awmsa zui tur a ni a. Core scheme bikah NE State 8 leh Himalayan State 3 - Himachal Pradesh, J&K leh Uttarkhand te chu sawrkar laipuiin zaah 90 a tumsak ang a, state sawrkarin zaah 10 chauh a tum ang. State dang tan chuan sawrkar laipuiin zaah 60 leh state sawrkarin zaah 40 an tum thung ang. Union Territories te chu sawrkar laipuiin zaah za (100%) a tumsak ang. Optional Scheme hnuaiah sawrkar laipui leh state chanvo insem zat tur chu NE State 8 leh Himalayan State 3 te tan 80:20 a nih laiin state dang chu 50:50 a ni thung ang. UT te chu sawrkar laipuiin zaah za a tum ang tih a ni bawk.

CSS SUM VAWN DAN THAR
March 23, 2021 khan Sawrkar laipui (Ministry of Finance) chuan CSS sum pekchhuah dan tur leh sum hman dan bawhzuina tur ruahmanna thar a tichhuak a. A tlangpuiin hetiang hi a ni. State sawrkarte chuan CSS zawng zawngte chu department enkawltu bik (Single Nodal Agency) leh Account hranpa bik (Single Nodal Account) siamsak vek tur a ni. Single Nodal Account hi Commercial bank-ah siam tur a ni bawk.

Ministry/Department te chuan RBI-a State Account-ah sum an dah lut ang a; Single Nodal Agency hnuaia awm Implementing Agency (IA) te kutah an mamawh ang zela sum pek tur a ni ang. Sawrkar laipui sum hi state sawrkarin a dawn aṭanga ni 21 chhungin State Nodal Account-ah dah luh ngei tur a ni a; state chanvo pawh ni 40 chhungin chhun luh tur a ni bawk. CSS sum hi Account dang siam a, chheprel phal a ni lo. A pung hi sawrkar laipui leh state sawrkar sum thawh dan milin sawrkar sum bawmpui (Consolidated fund)-ah dah luh tur a ni. Single Nodal Account te hi Public Financial Management System (PFMS) hnuaiah ziah luh vek tur a ni a. Expenditure-Advance-Transfer (EAT) module hnuaia sum hmuh zat leh hmanralte tarlan (file) ṭhin tur a ni.

Sawrkar laipui Budget-ah state pual sum tam tak ruahman ṭhin a ni a. Kum 2022-23 hian Sawrkar laipui Budget estimates-ah Rs vbc 442781 dah a ni. CSS sum te hi RBI-a State Account-ah Ministry te hian an chhung lut mai ṭhin. State sawrkarten CSS sum an hman dan hi zirchianna leh Audit Report aṭanga a lan danin fel tawk lo a awm nual niin a lang a. Sum hman dan turah hunbi thliah mumal a awm loh avangin State sawrkar hian a duh chen chen a kawl mai ṭhin niin a lang a. State sum dinhmun leh mamawh dan azirin (priority) CSS changtu department-ah an pe chhuakin, an pechhuak lo niin a lang bawk. Account hran vawn a nih loh avangin State sum thawh chin pawh hriat mai theih a ni lo. Implementing Agency (IA) te sum hman dan pawh PFMS-EAT module ah tarlan mumal a awm lo va. Sum hmanral zat dik tak a hriat theih loh. CSS sum zaah 4 vel chauh hi PFMS-EAT module hmanga tarlan a ni.

Hengte avang hian CSS sum hmanralna leh hman dante langtlang zawka kalpui a nih theih nan ‘Single Nodal Agency Model’ hi ruahman a ni ta a ni. July 1, 2021 aṭangin State zawng zawngte hman tan tura tih a ni. SNA model hnuaiah hian Implementing Agency tam zawk inziak lut tawhin, sum hmanralna (Utilization Certificate) pawh EAT-PFMS kaltlangin ‘file’ mek zel a ni; a pung (interest) lut chin pawh chiang takin a hriat theih ta. Digital India peng pawimawh tak pakhat niin, sawrkar sum enkawlna kawng thar ṭha zawk a inherchhuak mek a ni. CSS hnuaiah mumal takin hna a thawh theih dawn ta niin a lang bawk. Hei hian hmasawnna rah ṭha tak a chhuah ngei a beisei awm.

STATE SUM A NGHAWNG DAN
Mizoram state sawrkar chuan kum 2020-21 khan CSS sum Rs. vbc 1490 a dawng a. CSS hi State sawrkar department 19-ah kalpui mek a ni. Thawktu 10,000 chuang an awm bawk. Kum 2022-23 hian CSS sum Rs vbc 3632 hmuh beisei a ni. Social & Economic Service hnuaiah department pawimawh tak takte hi CSS-a innghat an ni. CSS hi Mizoram economy hnukpui kengtu leh hmasawnna ban pawimawh tak chelhtu an ni a tih theih hial awm e. State sawrkar sum tam ber hi sawrkar hnathawk hlawh leh sawrkar inrelbawlnan hmanral a ni a; hmasawnna hna thawhna tur sum hi department tam ber hian an nei lo va. Department 19 laiin CSS sum an neih avangin State sawrkar pawh a chhawk zangkhai hle. Kum 2022-23 hian State sum hmuh (revenue receipt) aṭanga zaah 32 lai hi CSS aṭanga beisei a ni.

Sawrkar laipui chuan State sawrkarte chu March 31, 2022 hma lama CSS sum an dawnte chu a dawngtu turte account-ah July 20, 2022 hmain dah vek turin a hriattir a; hei bakah sum dah luh hman lohte chu sawrkar laipuiah pek let tur tih a ni bawk. CSS sumte hi RBI-a state account-ah dah ṭhin a ni a. State sawrkar hotute chuan ‘CSS sum hi hna thawh zawh, bill an siam hunah chauh pek chhuah ṭhin a ni’ an ti. Hei bakah CSS sum te hi state sum mamawh dan azirin lo hman lailawksak ṭhin a ni; sawrkar hnathawk hlawh leh ṭul dang (revenue expenditure)-ah pawh pen ṭhin a ni bawk. RBI-a state account-ah CSS sum a dah reng theih dawn tawh loh avangin Mizoram sawrkar sum dinhmun dik tak, abik takin state inenkawlna tur sum (untied fund) awm zat a lang chiang lehzual dawn ta a ni.

CSS-te hi State sawrkar sum harsa lutuk tur chhawk zangkhaitu, state sawrkar RBI aṭanga Overdraft lo tura vengtu pawimawh tak pakhat niin a lang a. Tunah chuan sawrkar laipui thu anga State sawrkarin a neitu department-te kutah pawisa hi a hlan ngei a ngaih tawh dawn avangin RBI-a state account-a sum awm a tlem phah dawn ta a ni. Thla tina sawrkar sum hmuh hian thla tina sum mamawh hi a daih loh em avangin state sawrkar hi puk chawpin a kal mek a ni. Sawrkar sum awm ang angte chu sawrkar hnathawk te, contractor te, pensioner te, damlo leh ruling party ten an inchuh ni berin a lang ta. State sawrkara sum lam enkawltute an mangang viau pawh hi a awm a ni.

TLANGKAWMNA
CSS-te hi State hmasawnna'n an pawimawh hle. Social leh Economic Service hnuaia department pawimawh ber berte hi CSS-a innghat an ni. CSS-te hi awm lo ta se, heng department te hi an khawhar hle ang. Kalphung thar ang chuan state sawrkar leh CSS department enkawltu (Nodal agency) te an pawimawh lehzual ta a ni. State sawrkarin a hunbi dik takah department te kutah sawrkar laipui leh state sawrkar chanvote a pek a ngai a. CSS neitu department-te pawhin pawisa hmanna (Utilisation certificate) te sawrkar laipuiah a hunbi dik takah an theh luh a pawimawh. Nodal agency-te hnathawh chak dan azirin sum an hmu ṭhain, an hmu ṭha lo dawn niin a lang bawk. CSS sum ṭha taka hmu tur chuan mumal taka hna thawhho a ngai dawn ta a ni.

- Prof. Vanlalchhawna