MIZO HISTORY-AH JULY 26, 2021 CHU HRIATRENG A NI TAWH ANG; MIZORAM LEH ASSAM RAMRI BUAINA HI TUNHNAI MAI A MI A NI LO!

Khawihli emaw pan hnai la tur chu a inṭhoh chhung a rei viau chuan a na duh, tihdam duh chuan, na tawrh ngam a ngai ṭhin! Mizoram leh Assam (Cachar Valley) ramri buaina pawh hi kum 200 vel a ni ta, a inṭam chhoh chhung a rei a, a nghawng leh puak keh dan pawh a na ta phian. Muanawm taka dawhkan kilhova chinfel a nih thuai loh chuan mihring nunna leh thisen eng zatin nge la tuar phah ang sawi theih a ni lo. India ram himna leh inpumkhatna thil thlengin a nghawng pawi thei a ni.

India sorkar PM Narendra Modi kaihhruai ngaih pawimawh em em, Congress sorkar lai atanga hmalakna chak tak, "Look East Policy–Act East Policy" thlengin a nghawng chhe vek thei ang. Kum zabi 21na Globalization-ah India ram mihring tluklehdingawn 1.3 chenna ram ropui tak chuan, tunlai khawvelah hmasawna ṭhan zelna turin S. E Asia ram mihring tluklehdingawn dawnte chu socio-economic thilah thawhpui a mamawh tih a hrechiang hle a. Ram venhimna atan pawh Act East Policy chu thil pawimawh lutuk tak mai a ni si. India sorkar hian ngun leh chik taka State pahnih inkar buaina hi a chin fel a ṭulin, a pawimawh a ni. Tunah Dhriti Kanta Rajkumar, Research Scholar, Dept of History, Assam University ziak thenkhat tanchhanin, Mizoram leh Assam ramri buaina i lo bih zuai zuai teh ang.

British hote'n India an awp hun (colonized period), kum zabi 18-na lai vel aṭanga inṭan daih tawh a ni. Kum 1849 leh 1892 inkarah Lushai Hills (tuna Mizoram) chu venhim tumin, kan Mizo Pasaltha huaisente chuan vawi 13 zet Cachar Valley (Hringchar phairuam) a Mizoram rawn daia rawn luah tumtute chu ralpui beihin, zum leh hriam karah thlan leh thisen chhuak mai ni lovin, lu chhum ban chhum huamin, nunna thapin an rammu a, an hmelmate an lo zuk that fo tawh ṭhin a ni. Chutianga an ram chhung rawn dai a, an chakkhai lakna leh Sai ram chhuahna tukloh ramngaw rawn vah chereu saktute chu a hmasaberin kum 1849-ah chempui, fei leh thal leh silai siam chawpin an zu bei phawt a. Chumi ṭum chuan mi 29 thatin, mi 42 an man nghe nghe a ni (Dhriti Kanta Rajkumar: Raid made out by the Lushai Tribes (Mizo) in the Tea Gardens of Cachar during Colonial Period: A Study on the Historial Perspective-IOSR Journal of Humanaties and Science, Vol. 9, Issue 4 (March-April 2013) pp. 43-54).

Tute nge "Lushai Tribe" te chu?

Mizo Historian ṭhenkhat leh hnam dang ṭhenkhatin "Lushai" tih chu kum 1700 bawr vela Run lui leh a chhehvel Khampat (Burma) a an chen laiin, hnam dangte'n "Lu-se" tia kohvin, chu chu "Hnam 10" tihna angin an sawi ve bawk a, Burma leh India awptu British hote'n "Lu-se" chu an lam dik thiam lo va, "Lu-shai" tiin an lam ri a, chumi aṭangin "Lushai/Lusei" tih a lo piang ta a ni, ti an awm bawk. Mahse, hei hi a dik chiah em a hriat loh.

Kum 1849-a Rupcherra, Cachar Valley chu Mizo Pasalthaten ram humhalh nana an zuk beih hmasak ber ṭum hian, chutih laia Political Agent of Khasi Hills-a awm British sipai Lt. Col. Lister chuan Kukis leh Burmese inpawlh hnam Lushai an ni a, lu (head) an lâwmin, an Inah te ramsa lute an tar tlar tiar tuar theih chuan an ngaisang em em a, chu vangin LU-SHAI awmzia chu LU (head), SHAI chu TAN (to cut) saktu ti angin, India ram lamah chuan a sawi hmasa ber a ni awm e. Mizo ṭawngah hian "Han sâi teh" tih ṭawngkam chu Silai hmanga kahna emaw, Sailukherh hmanga perh sawi nan pawh hman theih a ni a, "Lu-shai" tih a nih chuan, "A lu takah kâp (sâi) rawh, a lu takah perh (sâi) rawh", tihna ang pawhin a hman theih awm e. Kum 1871-ah chuan Lushai hnam an tihte chu Lu la (Head-hunter/Head-cutter) hnam angin, an lo sawi ta hial mai a ni!

Mizo Pasalṭhate chuan Cachar phaia an ram rawn daitute chu, Sakeibaknei huaisen hlauh nei lo, a ram chin hum tura ring taka hahum kuk kuk a, thapui thawh ṭhin ang maiin kum 1849-ah an zu bei ta a. Hetiang hian vawi 13 ngawt, an ram chhunga an hmelma nia an ngaihte chu an zu run a ni:

(1) Rupcherra (1849), (2) Adampore (1862), (3) Chandraipul (1863), (4) Lobarband (1868), (5) Monerkhal (1869), (6) Ainakhul (1871), (7) Alexdranpur (1871) (8) Klocherra (1871), (9) Dharnikhul (1871), (10) Nagdingram (1871), (11) Jhallancherra (1871), (12) Barancherra ((1892), (13) Beladam Tea Estate (1893). Mizo Lalte leh Pasalṭhate chuan Cachar phaia an ram leh chakkhai lakna ber chuhpui leh Thingpui leh Ṭhelret (tea garden/timber) chinna tura ramngaw an ṭhiahsak fo chu an duh lo em em a. Mahni ram chhung venhim nan an zu bei/run ṭhin a ni. Heng hun lai hian British Gov't of India chuan, Saphote chu thingpui huan leh ṭhelret chinna atan ram ṭhehsakin Sai kah phalnate an pe ṭhin a. Chu chu Mizote chuan duh lovin, an fairel bel rawn zenpuiah ngaiin an lungawi thei ngang lo a ni. Mahse, Jan. 27, 1898-ah Lushai/Mizote chu British thununna leh awpbehna hnuaiah kan lo awm phah ta thung a ni.

Kum 1881-1898 inkarah ringawt British hote chuan Thingpui huan atan Tribal ram 62,179 acres an vat chereu hman a (Allen, BC, Assam District Gazetteers, Vol.I, Cachar 1905,p.78). Mizoten Sairam chhuah nana an ram, an chaw leh sa zawnna ber ramngaw ṭha vah chereusak a ni te leh an socio-enonomic nun tibuaitute chu an tan hmelma an ni a. Mizo lalte chuan chu'ng an ramah chuan zalen takin, tu mah awp beh leh hnuaichhiah lova chetla vel thei turah an inngai a ni. Tun hmain tu hnam mahin an awp bet ngai lo.

MIZOTE AN HUAISEN, BEIH NAWN FO AN CHAK LO!

Kum 1849-a Mizoten Cachar phaia an ram luhchilhtu nia an ngaihte beih a, ram humhalh nana an zu run hmasak ber ṭumin mi 29 thatin, sal 42 lai an man ṭum chuan, Lt. Col. Lister chuan an hotute thupek bawhzuiin Sylhet Light Infantry aṭangin Civil Armed Council Police 150 hruaiin Mizote chu beilet turin an thawk a, Mizo Lal khaw pakhat Mulla chu an tihchhiatsak a, mahse, a rin leh beisei ai daiha Mizo/Lushai hote chu an lo inawp fel leh hmun an neih ṭhata an chak avangin, anmahni bei tura kal fo aiin a hna chu chawlhsan (retire) hial a a duh a ni (Battacherjee, JB: Cachar Under British Rule in NE India, New Delhi, 1977, p. 98).

Mizote chuan Jan. 15, 1869-a Sona River phairuam, Silchar aṭanga chhim lam 20km vel an run ṭumin thingpui huan an tichhe hle a, Rs 17,000 hu vel leh a pawisa fai (cash) Rs 2000 an la a, British puakphur michhawr (coolies) 9 leh naupang 3 telin an that a, European mi 2 chuan ruakin ramhnuaiah an thawmhnaw an tlan chhiatsan.

Hetiang boruak a nih avangin Cachar DC Mr Edgar chuan kum 1869-ah Mizo Lal hmu turin Lushai Hills a zin a, Mizo Lal zinga pakhat Suakpuilala chu remna a siampui a, mahse, an inremna chuan rei a daih lo. Jan. 27, 1871-ah Mizo Pasalṭhate chu Hailakandi Valley-ah kalin chumi ṭum chuan mi 25 thatin, mi 37 an man a, chu'ng Pasalṭhate chu Lal Bengkhuaia hote an ni. Feb. 7, 1871 zing dar 7am-ah Mizo Pasalṭha mi 150 vel te (Thingpui huan Manager sawi dan) chu silai, chempui, thal nen lo kalin mi 11 an that a, 3 an man a, sipai 8 zinga 6 an thi tel tih a ni.

Bengkhuaia, Sailam Lal Pasalthate hi Mary Winchester (Zoluti) mantute an nih avangin Cachar phaia Mizoram humhalhtute zingah a hming hi a lar chho ta deuh ber a, a chunga kum 1849-1893 inkara Cachar phaia Mizoram leilung lo zu humhalh a, an hmelmate lo zu beitu Lal leh Pasalṭha hote hi tute nge an nih hriat vek a ni lo.

Kum 1870 Feb. 21-a Cachar DC Edgar-an, lal Suakpuilala nena inremna an siam hi lal ṭhenkhat chuan an pawmpui lo va. DC Edgar chuan Suakpuilala hian, "Kan tlangvalte ram chhuahna in vat chereu zo dawn e. Thingpui huan rawn vat tawh suh," a ti niin a sawi a. DC Edgar chuan Suakpuiliana hmuin remna a han siampui a, mahse, Bengkhuaia leh lal ṭhenkhatin an pawmpui ve lo tih a ni. Hmar lam Lal ṭhenkhat chuan Chhim lam Lal Bengkhuaia chu Cachar phai venhim nana rûnpuia sawm turin, kum 1870 favang laiin Sailam khua an thleng a, rûn (attack) hun atan favang hun ṭha ruatin 1871 Jan. 27-ah Cachar Valley a Alexandrapur khua an zu bei ta a ni. Hemi ṭum hian Scottish pa James Winchester thatin, a fanu kum 6 lek mi Mary Winchester (Zoluti) chu manin, Sailam-ah an hruai a. Hetianga Lushai/Mizo Tribal Warriors ten Mingo sala an hruai chu Kumpinu Lalram ropui tak chuan a lo hriat veleh duh lovin, kum 1871-1889 chhungin Mizo/Lushai Lalte hrema tukdai turin British Military Expedition a lo awm phah ta a ni. Oct. 8, 1871-ah Mary Winchester chhanchhuak turin Vailen (British Military Expedition) chu a lo inṭan a, Jan. 2, 1872-ah te chuan Lushai Expedition neiin Mizote nen indona tak kan lo nei chho ta, Mary Winchester (1865-1955) pawh chu British sipaiten an la let leh ta a ni.

LUSHAI HILLS AṬANGIN MIZORAM A PIANG

British sipaite chu ralthuam ṭha nei leh khawvela hnam fing leh chak hmasa an nih avangin, Mizo Pasalṭhate chu ram leh hnam chhan nan huaisen hle mah se, sipai nun chan (military training) tak tak nei lo chempui, thal, fei leh tualchher siamchawp silaimu nen ringawt chuan British Army te chu do hneh rual an ni ta si lo va. Kum 1873-ah Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation Act (BEFR Act) siamin, 1875-ah hriattirna tihchhuah a ni a, hemi ṭum hian Mizo lalte nen inberawn tlangin Assam-Lushai Hills (Mizoram) ramri chu kham fel a ni a, mahse, kum 150 dawn liam ta 1933-ah Mizo mipuite rawn chhin eih lovin ramri chu tihdanglam a ni. Hei vang hian Mizo society chuan 1933 a ramri khamna (demarcation) chu kan pawm thei ta lo a ni.

Mizoram leh Assam hian ramri 164. 6km zeta thui kan nei a, hei hi Lushai Hills, Mizo District, Union Territory leh State kan nih hnu thlengin chinfel a la ni lo va. Chu thil chuan July 26, 2021-ah ram leh hnam chhan nana silai nena inkahna, thisen chhuaka nunna hlu tak chan phahna hial a lo thlen ta a ni. A pawi hle. Kum 1849 chhovah chuan Mizo Pasalṭhaten chempui sei, fei kibar nei leh thal leh silai tukchawpin ram leh hnam an lo chhan tawh a, vawiinah erawh chuan ram leh hnam chhan nan khawvela silai lar AK-47, SMG leh LMG, etc te chu Mizo Pasalṭhaten an lo hmang ta. Hmanlai Mizo Pasalṭhate leh Lal Bengkhuaia ho Pasalṭhate kha la dam se la chuan July 26, 2021 ni te khan aw rawl ring taka chhuahin, haw hawin, hnehna hlado chham chungin hnungtawlh zawngin an tlanchhe hauhvin ka ring lo! Mizo hnam awm chhung leh kum sang dang lo awm leh turah pawh July 26, 2021 kha Zofaten kan hrereng tawh ang a, Mizo History bung thar keuna chu kan theihnghilh ngai tawh dawn lo a ni.

Mizoram leh hnamin hun khirh leh harsa hmachhawn mek mah se, chu chuan Mizo thinlung chhung rila thian chhan thih ngama huaisenna leh tlawmngaihna a kai thovin, a chawk phur thar mek a nih hi!

Mizoram – Mizote ta. Mizo hnam leh Mizoram, dam reng rawh se!

- CT LALRINAWMA