Role of Gorkhas in the Indian Freedom Movement (1857 -1947)

India ram kil tin aṭangin Gorkha mi leh sate hian India zalenna turin ‘Non-violence’ zawngin emaw ‘Armed Struggle’ zawngin emaw mahni phak tawk tawkah tha leh tui sengin nasa takin ṭan an lo la a ni. India ram zalen theihna tura helna mei det a nih khan British Gorkha sipaite rilruah phurna nasa tak a lo thleng a. Kum 1857-a Sepoy Mutiny hunlai khan Fujiliers (Britishers) leh Nasiri Regiment (Gorkhas) te chauh Shimla hmunah an awm tih a ni a. He Regiment pahnihte hi Mutiny nuai bo turin Delhi-ah koh thlak an ni a. Gorkha sipaite lah chuan Mutiny nuai bo ahnekin, British lakah an hel ta zawk a. Hemi avang hian Nasiri Regiment chu disbanded a ni.

Dal Bahadur Giri, Darjeeling khua leh tui, Gandhi-a thurin nunpuitu a han thih meuh chuan Gandhi-a paw’n “loss of nation” a ti a ni. Kum 1907 khan Pritiman Thapa’n British sipai-a Gorkhate an hna aṭanga bang a, Freedom Struggle zem turin nasa takin a lo fuih a ni. Chabilal Upadhya-a hi kum 1921 vela Assam rama Indian National Congress Movement ṭantu leh puangzartute zinga mi a ni. Khadka Bahadur Bisth (Shimla) leh Mahabir Giri (Darjeeling) te hi ‘Dandi March’ neih ṭuma mi 79 zingah an tel ve a ni. Khadka Bahadur Bisth-a phei chu a hnuah kahhlum a ni.

Bhagat Bir Tamang, Darjeeling khua leh tui hian kum 1921-a Non-Cooperation kum khan Darjeeling thingpui huana thawkte British laka hel turin nasa takin a fuih a ni. Vawi tam tak lung inah tang a, August, 1923 khan dam chhung lung in tang turin a chungthu rel a ni. Kum 1924 January khan Darjeeling District Jail-ah a thi.

India rama Gorkha-te chu ‘August Kranti of 1942’ (Quit India Movement)-a an inhman avangin lung in tantir an ni. Benaras lam aṭangin Dilram Regmi, Man Mohan Adhikari, Gopal Prasad Upadhya, Surya Bikram Gawali leh midangte.

Assam aṭangin Kumud Chandra Sharma, Jai Narayan Upadhya, Debi Prasad Sharma, Dharmanand Upadya, Nityanand Timsina, Padam Prasad Dhungel, Jai narayan, Balbhadra Budathoki, Balbhadra Chhetri, Bishnulal Upadya, Ramlal Upadhya (A ro chhuhsak a ni), Prasad Upadhya.

Darjeeling aṭangin Narbir lama, Jangbir Sapkota, Darjeeling Partiman Singh Lama, Putali Maya Tamang, Harish Chhetri, Bhimlal Upadhya (an vuak naah a dam chhungin a zen phah).

Indian National Congress (INC)-ah pawh Gorkha-te inpekna a nasa hle. Gandhi-a kohna angin ‘Non-Cooperation Movement’-ah heng mite Doars aṭangin Kaikim Singh Rai, Gujarat aṭangin Ritha Singh, Lal Singh, Dhanpati, Hukum Singh leh midangte chuan harsatna chi tinreng paltlangin hma an lo la a ni.

‘Civil Disobedience Movement,’ 1930 tum khan heng mite hi lung inah tantir an ni bawk, Amar Singh Thapa, Dehradun (kum hnih leh thla thum), Iswarananda Gorkha, Dehradun (thlaruk), Dalbir Lohare, Assam (kum khat), Thakur Prasad Kumar, Darjeeling.

GORKHA LEH INDIAN NATIONAL ARMY (I.N.A.)

Subash Chandra Bose-a kaihhruai Indian National Army (I.N.A.)-ah Gorkha mi leh sa ranks hran ran neiin ahmei apate an awm. Tam takte chu martyr-in an thi a, tam tak chu Independence hma zawngin lung ina tantir an ni.

1. Maj. Durga Malla S/o Ganga Ram Malla: Kum 1913-ah Dehradun, Uttaranchal-ah a piang, Pawlkaw zirlai chauh a nihin ‘Salt Satyagraha 1930’ khan a lo inhmang tawh a ni. Amah hi 2/1 Gorkha Rifles-ah Havildar niin 1942-ah INA, Singapore-ah a zawm a, Intelligence Officer-a ruat a ni. British laka hel INA zinga martyr hmasa ber a ni. 25th August 1944 khan Delhi District Jail-ah khaihlum a ni.

2. Capt. Dal Bahadur Thapa S/o Santa Bir Thapa: Kum 1907-ah Kangra, Himachal Pradesh-ah a piang. 2/1 Gorkha Rifles-ah Havilda a ni. 1942-ah I.N.A. a zawmin 1944 khan ‘Bhadur Group Guerilla Force’ commander-a ruat a ni. 3rd May, 1945 khan Delhi District Jail-ah vek khaihlum a ni.

3. Dhan Bahadur Gurung: Dehradun, Uttaranchal-ah piangin 2/2 Garhwal Rifles-ah sipai a ni. Kum 1942 khan naik niin I.N.A. 2nd Guerilla Regiment a zawma indonaah a thi.

4. Gopal Singh Sahi S/o Gambir Sahi: Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh-ah a piang. 2/1 Gorkha Rifles-ah NCO a ni. 1942-ah I.N.A. zawmin Re-enforcement Group-ah S.O. a ni. May 1944 khan kum 25 mi lek a nihin indonaah Burma-ah a thi.

5. Shital Bahadur: Gorkha Rifles-a sipai a ni. I.N.A. Malaysia-ah zawmin ‘First Bahadur Group’-ah Havildar-a ruat a ni. British sipai an do laiin August, 1944 khan Ramakori, Burma-ah a thi.

6. Sukhman Ram Gurung S/o Dil Bahadur Gurung: Burma Frontier Force sipai a ni. First Bahadur Group, I.N.A.-ah Lance Naik niin Burma-ah a thi.

7. Mohan Singh Thapa: 2/1 Gorkha Rifles-ah Havildar Clert a ni. I.N.A. Malaysia-ah zawmin ‘First Bahadur Group’-ah S.O. hna a chelh. British sipai an do lain Burma-ah thah a ni.

8. Bhagat Bahadur: 2/9 Gorkha Regiment sipai a ni. ‘First Bahadur Group’, I.N.A. zawmin indonaah a thi.

9. Manilal Gurung: 2/1 Gorkha Rifles Havildar Clert a ni. Kum 1912-ah I.N.A. zawmin ‘First Bahadur Group’-ah S.O. niin indonaah a thi.

10. Dhan Bahadur: 1/3 Gorkha Regiment-ah Havildar a ni. Kum 1942-ah I.N.A. zawmin ‘First Bahadur Group’-ah Havildar a ni. Indonaah a thi.

11. Kalu Gorkha: I.N.A. Malaysia-ah ‘First Bahadur Group’-ah awmin November, 1943-in indonaah a thi.

12. Damar Bahadur: Garhwal Rifle sipai a ni. Kum 1942-ah I.N.A.-ah a awm a. ‘First Bahadur Group’-ah Lance Naik niin indonaah a thi.

13. Ram Bahadur Thapa: Burma Frontier Force-a sipai a ni. Malaysia-ah I.N.A. a zawm. 1944-in Chindwin lui, Burma-ah indonaah a thi.

14. Kul Bahadur: Burma-ah I.N.A. a zawm a, Body Guard Battalion-ah awmin Burma-ah a thi.

15. Dhan Bahadur: 2/5 Gorkha Regiment-ah Havildar a ni. Kum 1942-ah I.N.A. zawmin ‘First Bahadur Group’-ah Havildar a ni. Indonaah a thi.

16. Kalu Lama: Malaysia-ah I.N.A. zawmin Training Center-ah S.O. a ni. 31st December, 1943-in Burma-ah a thi.

17. Kumraj Gorkha: Malaysia-ah I.N.A. a zawm. First Bahadur Group-ah Naik niin Burma-ah a thi.

18. Gian Bahadur Lama: Malaysia-ah I.N.A. zawmin Training Camp No. 3-ah Lance Naik a ni. British sipai an donaah 11th February, 1945-in Burma-ah a thi.

19. Mahan Singh Gorkha: 2/1 Gorkha Rifles sipai a ni. Malaysia-ah I.N.A. zawmin Havildar hna a chelh. April 1944 khan Burma-ah a thi.

20. Prem Bahadur: Indian Army Medical corps-a Lance Naik a ni. Malaysia-ah I.N.A. zawmin Field Hospital-ah Havildar a ni. July, 1944-in Kandak, Burma-ah a thi.

21. Man Bahadur Thapa: Kangra, Himachal Pradesh-ah piangin Gorkha Rifles-ah Naik a ni. 1942-in Singapore-ah I.N.A. a zawm. First Bahadur Group-a a awm laiin a thi.

22. Shyam Bahadur Pradhan: Dharamsala, Kangra, U.P.-a piang a ni. Malaysia-ah I.N.A. zawmin Captain a ni. Indonaah a thi.

23. Bahadur Singh: Almora, Uttaranchal-a piangin 2/9 Gorkha regiment sipai a ni. I.N.A.-ah Lance Naik niin indonaah a thi.

24. Sher Bahadur Bhandari: Dehradun, Uttaranchal-ah piangin 2/9 Gorkha Regiment-a Havildar a ni. Malaysia-ah I.N.A. zawmin Captain a ni. 1944-in Burma-ah a thi.

25. Bhawan Singh: 2/9 Gorkha Regiment-ah Havildar Clerk a ni. 1942-ah I.N.A. zawmin First Bahadur Group-ah Second Lieutenant a ni. British sipaite an donaah Burma-ah a thi.

26. Bhim Singh: 2/1 Gorkha Regiment-a Lance Naik a ni. Kum 1942-in I.N.A. a zawm a, Intelligence Group-ah Second Lieutenant niin indonaah a thi.

27. Bhopal Singh Gorkha: 2/5 Gorkha Rifles sipai a ni. 1942-in I.N.A. a zawm a, Intelligence Group-ah officer hna chelhin indonaah a thi.

28. Capt. Bhim Singh Thapa: Almora, Uttaranchal-a piang a ni. Malaysia-ah I.N.A. zawmin indonaah a thi.

29. Bhim Singh Thapa: 1/3 Gorkha Rifles-ah Jamadar a ni. 1942-in I.N.A. a zawm a, First Bahadur Group-ah Captain a ni. Indonaah a thi.

30. Kumraj Thapa: 2/1 Garhwal Rifles-ah Havildar a ni. I.N.A.-a First Bahadur Group zawmin indonaah a thi.

31. Bhim Singh Thapa: 1/3 Almora, Uttaranchal-ah piangin Indian Army-ah sipai a ni. Kum 1943-in Malaysia-ah I.N.A. a zawm. First Bahadur Group-ah Captain niin indonaah a thi.

32. Sahid Ganga Ram Thapa: Bhagsu, Himachal Pradesh khua leh tui a ni. I.N.A. sipai-ah ṭangin indonaah a thi.

33. Gopal Malla: 2/9 Gorkha Rifles-ah Havildar Clerk a ni. I.N.A. zawmin Third Training Camp-ah Lieutenant a ni. Burma-ah ral lakah a thi.

34. Man Singh: 2/1 Gorkha Rifles sipai a ni. 1942 kumin I.N.A. a zawm a. First Bahadur Group-ah Havildar a ni. Burma-ah a thi.

35. Gore Khan Gorkha: 2/9 Gorkha Rifles-ah Havildar a ni. I.N.A.-ah lutin Third Training Centre-ah Havildar a ni. Indonaah a thi.

36. Govind Singh: 3/18 Gorkha Rifles-ah sipai a ni. Germany-ah I.N.A. a zawm a, ral lakah a thi.

37. Bhim Singh Rana: Garhwal Rifles-a Jamadar a ni. 1942 kumin I.N.A. a zawm a. First Bahadur Group-ah Lieutenant a ni. Mandalay, Burma-ah a thi.

38. Bikram Rai: Indian Army-ah sipai a ni. I.N.A. First Bahadur Group zawmin indonaah a thi.

A chunga martyr tate bakah tam tak chu lungin hran hrana tantir an ni a. An hming kan tarlan theihte chu:

1. Krishna Bahadur Sunar (Darjeeling): Thla ruk chhung jail-a tantir a nih hnuin a hna aṭanga ban a ni.

2. Gopal Singh Rana (Dehradun): I.N.A.-ah Lieutenant a ni. Multan Jail-ah tantir a ni.

3. Digbir Singh Ramu Damu (Darjeeling): I.N.A.-ah Lieutenant niin Rangoon, Chatgaon, Multan leh Atak Jail-ah te tantir a ni.

4. Tej Bahadur Thapa (Dehradun): I.N.A.-a Field Propaganda Unit-ah sipai a ni. Multan jail-ah tantir a ni.

5. Tej Bahadur Subba, 2/5 G.R. (Darjeeling): I.N.A.-ah Second Lieutenant a ni. Ani hi Black Listed niin Multan Jail-ah tantir a ni.

6. Durba Singh Thapa (Dehradun): 2/2 Gorkha Rifles-a mi a ni. First Bahadur Group B-Company-a S.O. a ni. Multan Jail-a tantir a ni.

7. Paras Ram Thapa (Dehradun): I.N.A.-ah Major niin Gorkha Training Centre-ah Officer incharge a ni. 1945 khan man a ni a, Red Fort, Delhi-ah tantir a ni.

8. Bir Singh Khatri (Dehradun): Guerilla Regiment A-Company-ah Company Commander a ni. Thla 11 chhung lung in tantir a ni.

9. Tej Bahadur Thapa (Dehradun): First Bahadur Group-ah Havildar niin Multan Jail-ah tantir a ni.

10. Bir Bahadur Gurung, 2/8 G.R. (Dehradun): I.N.A.-a First Bahadur Group-a mi niin jail-ah tantir a ni.

11. Bisan Singh Khatri, 2/9 G.R. (Dehradun): I.N.A.-ah Sub-Officer a ni. Red Fort, Delhi-ah tantir a ni.

12. Bisan Singh Rana, 2/9 G.R. (Abotabad, Pakistan): I.N.A.-a Training Camp No. 4-ah Adjutant a ni. Kambey, Rangoon leh Multan Jail-ah dah a ni.

13. Buddhiman (Dehradun): First Heavy Artilery Regiment-ah sipai a ni. 1945-ah man niin Nashik Jail-ah dah a ni.

14. Bhagwan Singh Thapa, 2/2 G.R. (Dehradun): I.N.A.-ah Sub-Officer a ni. Rangoon leh Multan Jail-ah dah a ni.

15. Man Bahadur Rana, 2/2 G.R. (Dehradun): Officer Training School-ah Chief Instructor a ni. Changi, Red Fort leh Multan Jail-ah tantir a ni.

16. Ratan Singh Lama, 2/2 G.R. (Dehradun): I.N.A. Re-enforcement Group-ah Second Lieutenant a ni. Multan Jail-ah dah a ni.

17. Ram Singh Gurung, 1/3 G.R. (Pitthauragarh, Uttaranchal): I.N.A.-a Subash Brigade-ah sipai a ni. Red Fort (Solitary Cell)-ah dah a ni.

18. Lachman Limbu, 2/1 G.R. (Kweta, Pakistan): I.N.A.-in British Allied Force hnen aṭangin an chhuh- tank driver a ni.

19. Lal Bahadur Basnet, 2/9 G.R. (Darjeeling): Nehru Guerilla Regiment-a Intelligent Department-a thawk ṭhin a ni. Multan Jail-a tantir a ni.

20. Shyam Singh Sahi (Dehradun): I.N.A.-a Re-enforcement Group-a Sub-Inspector a ni. Multan Jail-a dah a ni.

21. Shiva Singh Thapa, 1/3 G.R. (Almora, Uttaranchal): Subash Brigade Group-a First Bahadur Group-ah Intelligence Officer a ni. Multan Jail-ah tantir a ni.

22. Sher Bahadur Ale (Dehradun): I.N.A. Band Party-a mi a ni. Multan Jail-a dah a ni.

23. Hari Prasad (Dehradun): I.N.A.-a Second Lieutenant ṭhin a ni. Taipei No. 2 Guerilla Regiment Group-a duty ṭhin a ni. Multan Jail-a dah a ni.

24. Hira Singh Khaktri, 2/9 G.R. (Dehradun): I.N.A. First Bahadur Group Intelligence Department-ah Special Captain a ni. Multan Jail-a tantir a ni.

25. Josiyar Singh Karki, 2/9 G.R. (Dehradun): I.N.A. Re-enforcement Group-ah Sub-Inspector a ni. Red Fort, Solitary Cell-ah dah a ni.

26. Ruma Singh Thakuri (Bhagsu, H.P.): 2/1 G.R.-ah V.C.O. a ni. I.N.A.-a Gorkha Commander pawimawh tak niin Recruiting Centre hotupa a ni bawk. Lahore Jail-a dah a ni.

27. Dilman Sing Thapa: I.N.A.-a Gorkha Commander a ni.

I.N.A. hian ṭhalai rualte tan bik pawl a din a, chu chu ‘Baisang’ emaw ‘Janbaj Dal’ tih a ni. Hei hi Suicide Squad a ni. Indreni Thapa leh Sabitri Thapa te ṭhian dun hian British tank hnuaiah bawkin ‘human bomb’ inchil puahtirin an martyr a ni. He thil thleng hi Metaji paw’n a mit ngeiin a hmu. Amaherawhchu, Gorkha-te inpekna hi History aṭanga nuai bo a ni.

I.N.A. hian Radio Station, Singapore, Saigon (Indo-China border) leh Rangoon-ahte chanchin puanzar tumna a nei a. Heng station hrang hrangahte hian Gorkha-te chu chanchin puan hna thawk tura ruat an ni. Hei vang hian Gorkha-te chuan tharum chauh ni lovin an awte pawh independence sualna'n an lo hlan a ni tih a hriat theih. Henga langsarzualte chu – Darjeeling aṭangin Bhim Bahadur Khadka leh Samser Singh Bandari, Himachal Pradesh aṭangin Dilip Sing Rana, Gopal Singh Thapa, Shyam Singh Rana leh Khadka Bahadur Thakur te an ni.

Capt. Ram Singh Thakuri Jana Gana Mana (National Anthem) tune siamtu leh hnam hla hrang hrang phuahtu chu I.N.A. Musical Director a ni. Hei vang hian India-in zalenna a sual laia Gorkha-te inpekna hi a thupa thup bo rual a ni lo.

India ram Gorkha sipaite hian ram chhan nan theihtawp an lo chhuah a, ṭhenkhat phei chuan an nunna hlu takte an lo hlan a ni. Major Dhan Singh Thapa kum 1962 Ladakh indonaah a chet ṭhat em avangin PARAM VIR CHAKRA hlan a ni. Brig. Sher Jung Thapa (1948), Rfmn. Pati Ram Gurung (1971), L.Nk. Ram Bahadur Gurung (1961), L.Hav. Ram Prasad Gurung (1948), RFmn. Dil Bahadur Chhetri (1971), Capt. Kapil Singh Thapa (1965), Sub. Tika Bahadur Thapa (1965), Nk. Mahabir Thapa (1961), L.Naik. Rabilal Thapa (1948), Hav, Bir Bahadur Pun (1971)-te chuan an huaisenzia indonaah an lantir avangin MAHAVIR CHAKRA hlan an ni. Kargil indonaah a chet ṭhat avangin Col. Lalit Rai, 11 G.R. chu VIR CHAKRA hlan a ni bawk. Tin, Gorkha sipai tam takte chu Kargil indonaah pawh an martyr a ni. An hming kan tarlan theihte chu:

1. Hav. Man Bahadur Rai

2. Rfmn. Lincoln Pradhan

3. Sepoy Suresh Chhetri

4. Virendra Thapa

5. Hav. Tan Bahadur Chhetri

6. Nk. Megh Gurung

7. Rfmn. Arun Kumar Rai

8. Sepoy R.K. Pradhan

9. Sepoy Sanjay Gurung

10. Rifleman Ramesh Thapa

11. Sanjay Chhetri (L) (Ashok Chakra)

Tin, tun hnaiah Sanjog Chhetri, Sikkim khua leh tui (Paratroopers, Para Special Forces) chu ASHOKA CHAKRA (Highest Peace Time Gallentry Award) leh Sub. Dil Bahadur Thapa chu KIRTI CHAKRA hlan an ni. Anni hi ‘Operation Sarp Vinash,’ Surankote, Jammu and Kashmir-a an chet ṭhat vanga hlan an ni.

WE SALUTE YOU

O! BRAVE SONS OF INDIA

Reference: The Gorkhas of Mizoram Vol-I

By I.K. Subba