NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY 2020 (Higher education chungchang bik)

Sawrkar laipui chuan July 2020 khan India ram zirna lama ruahmanna thar ‘National Education Policy 2020’ a puang a. NEP 2020 hi hlawm li-ah ṭhenin, school education chungchang te, higher education bakah zirna peng dang (Professional, Adult education etc) leh policy tihhlawhtlin dan tur te tarlan a ni. NEP 2020 hian university leh college kalphungah ruahmanna thar pawimawh tak tak a duang a. Hengte hian Mizoram college zirna kalhmang pawh a nghawng nasa dawn a, hei vang hian heti lama thawktute pawhin NEP 2020 hriat tlan hi a pawimawh hle. NEP 2020-in Higher Education bik atana rawtna a neih te, a tlangpui deuhin kan thlir ho dawn a ni.

University leh College ṭha zawk

NEP 2020 hian India rama University leh college zirna darhsarh leh chiri lutuk hi a ngaihmawh hle a. Zirlaiten hriatna ril zawk an neih theih nana kaihhruaina ṭha a awm lo te, hnam hnuaihnung leh hnufual tan luh ve a harsa te, course/ subject chi hrang zir tur tlem lutuk te, zirtirtute an zalen lo te, institution ten mahnia inrelbawlna ṭha an nei lo te, zirtirtu taima tan kaisanna kawng a awm lo te, zirbingna lam hlamchhiah te, inawp hmang fel tawk lo te, affiliated college zirna standard hniam lutuk te hi NEP 2020 hian siamṭhat a tum a ni.

Zirna sang kalphung hlawm khawm leh sawhngheh

University chi hrang hrang hi hlawm khawm deuh a, sawh ngheh a, subject chi hrang a tam thei ang ber zirna hmunah siam tum a ni. Hetiang zirna hmun hi ‘multidisciplinary institution’ tih a ni. University/ college pakhat hnuaiah arts, humanities, science, medical, law, fine arts, pharmacy, veteri­nary, engineering, sports, education etc zirna a awm ang. Kum 2030-ah chuan University/ College te chuan Multidisciplinary Institution nih an tum ang a; kum 2040-ah phei chuan ‘multidisciplinary institution’ an ni ngei tawh tur a ni. Higher Education Cluster/ Knowledge Hub din a, zirna hmun khatah zirlai 3000 tal awm se tih a ni.

University hi chi hrang pathum chauh awm tura ruahman a ni a. Chungte chu Research Intensive University (RU), Teaching Intensive Universities (TU) leh Autonomous Degree Granting College (AC) te an ni a. Kum 2035-ah chuan Affiliated College te hi tihtawp vek a, multidisciplinary institution-a siam a, Autonmous degree granting college ni tura buatsaih a ni ang. Autonomous degree granting college an tlin loh pawhin university hnuaiah ‘constituent college’ an ni thei an ni ang. University/College te chuan ‘accreditation’ an neih dan azirin Open & Distance Learning (ODL) leh Online zirna an hawng thei bawk. Zirna peng khat chauh nei (single stream) te chu tihlen a, department thar te hawn belhin, kum 2035-ah chuan ‘multidisciplinary institution’ an ni ang. NEP 2020 hnuaiah University te hmasawn nan ‘Accreditation system’ a pawimawh em em dawn a ni.

Holistic & Multidisciplinary Education

University tinah subject chi hrang a tam thei ang ber zirna dah tur a ni a. Zai zirna te, lemziak zirna te, science subject chemistry leh mathematics te, themthiamna (vocational) lam bakah professional course - medicine, engineering leh ‘soft skill’ zirna te a awm tur a ni. Heng zirna te hi ‘Liberal Arts’ huangah dahin, kum zabi 21 chhunga zirna kalphung tur a ni ang. Undergraduate zirna chuan mihringa theihna awm zawng zawngte tihhmasawn a tum ang a, Institution pakhatah subject chi hrang a tam thei ang ber dah tur a ni.

Vantlang tana inpekna lam (community engagement and service) te, environmental education leh value-based education’ te zirlaiah telh tur a ni. Global Citizenship Education (GCED) te pawh zirlai thupui pakhatah telh ngei tur a ni bawk. Undergraduate zirna hi kum 3/4 chhunga zir theih a siam tur a ni a. Kum tin degree pek an ni ang a; kum khatna an zawhin Certificate, kum hnihna an zawhin ‘diploma’, kum thumna an zawhin ‘graduate degree’, kum lina an zawhin ‘Honours/ Research degree’ te. Zirlaiten an zirlai an chawlhsan lai lawk thei dawn bawk. Hei hi ‘multiple entry and exit degree programme’ tih a ni. Institution leh course hrang hranga degree an hmuh te chu ‘digital’ hmanga degree dahṭhatna bawm ‘Academic Bank of Credit (ABC)’ah khawl khawm zel tur a ni.

MA zir dan pawh tihdanglam a ni a. BA kum 3 chhunga zoten MA kum 2 an zir ang a, BA kum 4 chhunga zoten MA kum khat chauh an zir thung ang. BA kum li chhunga zoten an tihṭhat dan azirin PhD direct-in an zir thei bawk dawn a ni. Model university ‘Multidisciplinary Education and Research University (MERU)’district tinah din tum a ni bawk.

Zirlaite puihna leh zirna boruak ṭha

Zirna boruak ṭha nei turin ‘curriculum’ te, zirtir dan kal hmang (pedagogy) te, zir chin ang zela endikna (continuous assessment) leh zirlaite puihna (student support) a pawimawh a. Syllabus te chu zirlaiten an tuipui theih turin siam ṭhat fo tur a ni. Zirlaiten taksa, rilru leh suangtuahna hrisel an neih theih dan kawng zawnpui tur a ni bawk. Library, classroom, laboratory, infiamna hmun etc., ṭha tak neih tur a ni.

Institution tinin ‘Institutional Development Plan’ an siam tur a ni a. Zirlai hnufual bik tan ‘support centre’ ruahman a, taksa leh rilru lama harsatna pui theitu ‘Counsellor’ dah tur a ni bawk. Zirna pawh khawvel huap ‘standard’ tling ngei a ni tur a ni. Institution tinin International Student Office an nei ang a, ram dang university te nen thawhhona thuthlung (MOU) te siam theih a ni bawk. Ram pawnah campus an hawng thei ang a, ram dang university ṭha zual 100 ten India ram chhungah campus an nei thei bawk ang.

Zirtirtu atan mi thiam leh rintlak

Zirtirtu atan, mi thiam leh mi inpe te chauh lak an nih theih nan ruahmanna siam a ni ang. Zirna in te chu ṭha taka thuamin, tui thianghlim in tur, inthiarna, office, zirtirna hmanrua, laboratory, classroom, campus nuam tak a awm ang. Zirtirtu pakhatin naupang tam tak ho lovin, an hun tam zawk zirlai tan te, zirbingna lam atan leh university/college-a an mawhphurhna thawh nan hman tur a ni. Institution tinin anmahni pualin ziritirtu lain, hmun danga sawn theih an ni lovang. Zirtirtuten an subject-ah syllabus an siam ang a, lehkhabu leh chhiar tur dang pawh an kutah dah tur a ni. Kaisanna leh chawimawina dawn thuah hnathawh ṭhatin kawngro a su ang a, Institution-ten zalen takin, tehfung fel tak hmangin zirtirtu an la ṭhin tur a ni.

Mi tin ban phak Higher Education

Hnam hnufual leh chanhai (Socio-Economically Disadvantage Group-SEDG) te ban phakah zirna sang, rintlak leh ṭha, changkang tak siamsak hi ram hmasawn nan a pawimawh hle. Sawrkarin hnam hnufual leh chanhaite pualin ṭanpuina te ruahmanin, hmeichhiate a ngaihsak ang a, an tan ruahmanna bik te siam tur a ni. Hnam hnufual pualin enrolment target te neih tur a ni bawk. Zirna lama district hnufualah zirna sang te din a, Special Education Zone te siam a ni ang. Hnam hnufual pualin ‘outreach programme’ siam ṭhin tur a ni bawk. Institution ten hnam hnufual pualin fee an tihniamsakin, scholarship te an pe ang a; admission-ah an chanpual dah sak tur a ni. Pianphunga harsatna neite tan remchang an siam sak ang a, bridge course te ruahmanin, counselling class te neih tur a ni.

Teacher Education chungchang

Kum 2030-ah chuan teacher education mal din (stand-alone) te chu kum 4-zirnaah siam vek a ni ang a; subject hrang hrang zirna an hawng tel tur a ni bawk. Zirtirtu atan kum 4 (integrated B.Ed) pass lo chu lak theih a ni tawh lovang. Dual-major Bachelor degree (B.A., B.Ed) bakah BA zo tawh tan kum 2 B.Ed zirna te, BA kum 4 degree nei tan B.Ed kum 1 zirna te ruahman tur a ni. Ph.D zirlai te chu zirtirtu training neihtir ngei tur an ni a; teaching experience an neih zat tur pawh bituk tur a ni.

Vocational Education chungchang

NEP 2020 ruahmanna pawimawh tak chu eizawn nana hman nghal theih zirna (vocational education) zirna pangngai huang chhungah seng luh a ni ta hi a ni. School leh Higher Education-ah subject pakhatah telh a ni ta a; hei hi India ram tan a hlu em em dawn a ni. Kum 2025-ah chuan zirlai zaah 50 talin vocational lam zirna an hmelhriat tawh tur a beisei a ni. Secondary school te chu ITI/ polytechnic/ thil siamna hmun te nen ṭang hovin vocational zirna an kalpui ang. Skill laboratory te dinin, school dang nena inhmanṭawm (hub & spoke model) ṭhin tur a ni. University/ college pawhin anmahni in emaw, industry/ NGO te nen emaw thawk hovin, vocational zirna an kalpui thei bawk ang.

National Research Foundation

NEP 2020 chuan research lamah hma zauh a tum hle mai a. Sikul zirlai aṭangin naupangte rilruah thil chikna (critical thinking) leh hriat chian duhna (scientific method) an neih theih nan lemchan hmang te-in zirna kalpui tur a ni. Zirlaite theihna leh tui zawng hre turin sikul aṭangin ‘career counselling’ ruahman a ni ang. Undergraduate aṭangin research leh internship telh tur a ni bawk. Zirtirtu kaisan nan ‘research’ leh ‘innovation’ lama an dinhmun te thlir tel tur a ni.

Higher Education enkawl dan thar

Higher Education enkawltu pakhat Higher Education Commission of India (HECI) din tur a ni a. HECI hnuaiah hian Council dang pali - National Higher Education Regulatory Council (NHERC), National Accreditation Council (NAC), Higher Education Grants Council (HEGC) leh General Education Council (GEC) te an awm ang. Council palite hi HECI hnuaiah mahnia inrelbawlin, zalenna zau tak neiin an awm ang a; an inkarah buaina a awm chuan HECI-in a chingfel thin ang.

Professional Council awmsa (ICAR, CoA, etc) te hi Professional Standard Setting Bodies (PSSB) an ni ang. Zirna hi sumdawnna atan hman phal a ni dawn lova, ‘not for profit’ anga kalpuiin, sawrkar sum leh pai endik dan angin endik thin tur a ni. Regulatory body hnuaiah sawrkar leh private zirna en hran an ni lovang a; private university tan ram pum huap inkaihhruaina siam tur a ni. Fee pek ngai zat te chiang taka tarlan ṭhin tur a ni.

Institution inawpna tha

Kum 2035-ah chuan university/ college te chu ‘accreditation’ hmangin mahnia inrelbawl theia siam an ni ang a. Institution tinah Board of Governor (BoG) awmin, inrelbawlna engkim an kutah a awm ang a, zirtirtu leh hotu lu ber lak thlengin thu a nei ang. BoG member te chu Expert Committee-ten ruat ṭhin tur a ni a, Regulatory Council dan siam te tihlawhtingtu an ni bawk ang. University/ College hotu lu ber pawh BOG-in a ruat Eminent Expert Group te lak ṭhin tur a ni.

- Prof. Vanlalchhawna