MYANMAR RAM SUM LEH PAI HARSATNAIN A DELH BET DAWN, MIPUI AN RUM MEK

April 29, 2022 :

Myanmar ram hi kum 1989 hma lam zawng chuan Burma (Union of Burma) tih a ni ṭhin a, kum 1988 election-a hneh taka NLD-in Sorkarna an lak a, Sipai hotu lamin thu neihna an kuta an pek duh loh leh NLD hruaitu Aung San Suu Kyi leh MP leh mi pawimawh tam tak an man hnu kum 1989 khan Burma tih hi Myanmar tiin an thlak a, khawvel ram tam takin Myanmar tih hming hi rei tak an pawmpui lo nghe nghe.

Burma hi kum 1948 khan Britain kut aṭanga chhuah zalen niin independent a hmu a. Mipui thlan Sorkar chu March 2, 1962 khan Gen Ne Win chuan sipai chakna hmangin thu neihna a hneh chhuh [(military coup) coup d'état (French) kup tia lam loh tur, kû detà tih tur]. Kum 2011 thleng khan sipai thu hnuaiah Burma ram hi a kun a. Kum 2012 aṭangin democracy lam zawi zawiin an hawi ṭan a. November 8, 2015 General election-ah khan NLD Aung San Suu Kyi kaihhruai chu hneh taka thlan tlin a ni. Parliament term thar atan inthlan result chu November 8, 2020 ah puan niin NLD (National League for Democracy) bawk chu hneh taka thlan tlin an ni leh a.

February 1, 2021 khan MP thlan tharte chu sorkar thar lalut turin Parliament session koh a ni a, hemi hma lam aṭang hian sipai hotute chuan Sorkar paih thlak dan tur an lo rel fel sa diam chu, hemi ni zing tak (zan lai dar 12 hnu lawkah) Sorkar thar lalut thei lo turin an che ta a. NLD hotu Aung San Suu Kyi leh President Win Myint chu an man a, mipui thlan Sorkar thu neihna chu sipai chakna hmanga chhuh lui (military coup d'état) leh ta a, kum khat chhung atan emergency an puang zui nghal a. Kum khat a vei hnu pawhin democracy leh inthlan ṭhat lam chu an la hawi lo hle a nih hi.

Sipai thil tih dan hian Myanmar ram mipuite thin a tirim takzet a, Covid-19 hri len nasat lai ni mahse damdawi lama thawktute chu sipai thil tih duh lohna lantir hmasa ber an ni a, February 3, 2021 aṭangin Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) an ṭan nghal a, hemi hnu lama sipai sorkar Tatmadaw leh Democracy ngiat mipuite inbeih chhoh dan chu kan luh khung lo ang.

China sum an pûk belh

Myanmar rama sipai rorelna Gen Min Aung Hlaing kaihhruai chuan hmasawnna ruhrel lian siamna chhuanlamin China sum tam tham tak puk turin inremna an siampui leh tawh a, hmasawnna hna thawhna atan China sum puk tam lutuk Sri Lanka ram chuan an leiba rulhna tur an neih loh avangin ram chhung sum leh pai dinhmun tluk sawpna (economic collapse) an tuar mek a. Covid-19 avanga tourism aṭanga an sum hmuh tam tak chu de zeuh pawh a awm lo. Ei leh in tur leh nitin khawsakna mamawh man nasa takin a pun avangin mipui nawlpui chu harsatnain a tuam chhah hle a ni.

Sri Lanka harsatna kawng ang chiah hi Myanmar hian tunah an zawh mek a, sipai rorelna hnuaia kum 50 zet an awm laia an tawrhna leh rumna aia rapthlak zawkin engtik lai pawha bawhbet thei dinhmunah an awm ti ila kan sawi uar lutuk kher lo ang.

Buh leh thlai thar chhuah a tla hniam

Covid-19 hri vanga harsatna belhchhah turin mipui thlan Sorkar tharum hmanga sipaiin an hneh chhuh avang hian Myanmar ram puma buh leh thlai thar chhuah chu nasa takin a tla hniam nghal a. A chhan lian ber chu buh leh thlai chin tamna lai hi sipaiin ralthuam chi hrang hrang leh helicopter hmanga a beih nasat vang a ni.

Myanmar ram hi buh chinna atan ram zawl leh buh ngeih tawk boruak ṭha tak a nih avangin hming lemah pawh Asia ram chaw thleng - Rice bowl of Asia) tih vuah ngat a ni. Agricul­ture leh horticulture lama an ram ṭhat­zia mai hi a la ni lo cheu; an ram leilung chhungah hian Oil bakah rangka­chak leh lunghlu chitin a awm a, thing ṭha chi : thinguk, teak sal etc te lah namen loin an ngah bawk.

Sorkar ṭha leh inawpna fel fai taka enkawl ni ngat se, Asia ram changkang ber dinhmunah an awm lohna chhan tur reng a awm lo.

Ram dang leiba an ngah

Myanmar ram hian ram dang sum bat (foreign debt) hi $11 billion vel an nei tling hial tawh a. Tuna an ram sum leh pai dinhmun hian an leiba zatve rulhna tur pawh hi an nei lo. Hemi chungchang hi an ram Economist te chuan, he harsatna hian a nghawng nasat theih dan turte sawiin Myanmar ramin sum dinhmun hi an ram leiba rulhna tur leh an ramin foreign currency a neih chuan a daih lo hle a, hei vang hian ni tin harsatna a zual tial tial a, a ram mipui ram dang pawisa kawl mekte chu Burmese kyat a thleng thuai turin Central Bank of Myanmar chuan ngen leh hriattir a chhuah a. Sum leh pai harsatna avang hian mipui an mangangin an chiai hle a. Sri Lanka ram sum leh pai tluk sawpna (economic collapse) ang emaw Pakistan sum harsatna (Pakistan-type economic crisis) ang emaw hmachhawn mai thei dinhmunah an awm a, pen hnih khat lekin a la daidang rih chauh a ni. Central Bank of Myanmar (RBI ang) chuan an ram mipui zawng zawng hnenah ram dang aṭanga sum/pawisa fai an dawnte chu rang taka Burmese Kyat-a thleng turin April thla bul lam khan a lo hriattir tawh a ni.

Foreign reserve

Myanmar ram sipai kaihhruaina hnuaiah hian thil tam tak hi thup leh mipui hriat hleih theih loh tura thuhruk leh zep tlat a ni a, foreign reserves an neih pawh nasa taka tlahniam a, a kang chat lo chauh nia rin a ni. Hetiang a nih mek lai hian February 2021-a sipaiin an awp luih aṭang hian khawthlang ram tam takin an ensan leh hrekna avangin ram dang sum an puk leh bat erawh tam taka pung chho ngei tura ngaih a ni. Ram dang ang bawkin Covid hri hian an ram sum leh pai thawhchhuah chu nasa takin a sawi chim nasa hle a, an chanchin dik tak erawh hriat hleih theih a ni lo thung a, hemi avang hian a ngaihṭhatthlak hle chuang lo ang.
Hetiang harsatnain he ram a tuam mek lai hian he ram thu neitu sipai hotu liante chuan an ram hmasawnna hna thawhna turin China ram nen inremna thuthlung an ziah belh zel thung. Hei bakah hian an ram lei hnuai hausaknate chu Chinese company te thawh an phalsak mai bakah, he ram sumdawnna hlawk bikahte an inrawlh a phalsak zel bawk a ni. Sipai General rualte chuan Pakistan leh Sri Lanka ram sum tluksawpna leh harsatna ang pawh lo tawk ve pawh ni se, Chinese hian chu harsatna aṭang chuan an khaichhuah (bail out) an beisei a ni.

Zalenna sualtu lam an che nasa zel

Sipaiin mipui thlan sorkar an paihthlak duh loa sual sipai dotu (Burmese fighters) te chuan an ram chhunga China inrawlh nasa lutuk chu an ngaimawhin Chinese sumdawng lian leh company te chu an bitum bik hle a, foreign investors dangte pawh Myanmar ram aṭang hian an inhnukdawk fai zo deuh vek tawh bawk.

Central Bank of Myanmar chuan April, 2022 bul lam khan a ram mipuite hnenah ram dang pawisa an kawlte chu a rang thei ang bera Burmese Kyat a thleng turin a hriattir a, mahse hei hian sipai Sorkar tan thil ṭha a nih avangin mipui hnena ngenna hi a hlawhtling hle tura ngaih a ni lem lo.

February 2021 kha Sipaiin thuneihna an pawng lak a nih kha, hemi hma thla hnih December 2020 Myanmar ram Forex Reserves chu $ 7.8 billion a ni a, (India Forex reserve as on March 2022 $ 607.3 billion). Sipaiin thu neihna an lak hnu hian military rulers te chuan an ram foreign reserves dinhmun engmah an tlangzarh tawh lo. Hetiang hi ni mah se an ram chhung sumdawnna (banking & business) aṭanga hriat theih dan chuan Khawthlang ramte ensanna avang leh Covid pandemic avang hian nasa takin an ram sum dinhmun a hniam a ni.

Mipui an mangang

Sipai thuneitute chunga mipui manganna leh thinrimna a sosang a ni tih lan chhuahna chu Central Bank of Myanmar in mipui hnena ram dang pawisa an kawlte Burmese kyat-a thleng tura hriattirna a chhuah aṭanga ni thumnaah senior central bank official chu kah hlum a ni. Deputy Governor, Central Bank ah hian Mr Than Tha Swe chu Feb 2021 hnu khan lak a ni a, a ni erawh hi chu Central Bank beihnaah hian a him hlauh thung a ni. Central Bank of Myanmar hriattirna ang chuan foreign currency an kawlte thleng tur hian ni khat chiah mipuite hi an ruatsak a ni.

Myanmar Sorkar-in US dollar thleng theihna official rate a siam chu 1US dollar = 1,850 kyat a nih laiin black market lamah phei chuan dollar khat chu 2,000 kyat chung lam a ni hial a. Sipaiin thuneihna an pawng chhuh hnu hian chawlhkar khat chhunga Bank aṭanga sum lak chhuah theih zat chu 500,000 kyat a ni a, US $ 250, Rs 19,000 vel ang a ni. Central Bank of Myanmar hian an thuchhuak ang hian an ram chhung mipui kuta US dollar awm zat thleng theihna khawp Burmese Kyat hi a nei daih kher ang em tih hi zawhna lian tak a ni.

China huatna a zual zel

Myanmar ram sum leh pai dinhmunin chhiat lam a pan mek lai hian Myanmar ram mipuite chuan an ram chhunga sipai rorelna, SAC (State Administrative Council) in mipui thlan Sorkar an paihthlak theihna bul chu China ni ngeia an ngaih tlat avangin, mipui tam tak thinlungah China huatna chu a sosangin a zual hle a. Sipai roreltu lamin mipui nunau sipai chakna hmanga dimna tel hauh loa vin taka an awpbehna chu ni tin a rawngin a vin tial tial mai si a. Heng an chunga thil thleng zawng zawngte hi sipai hotu lian te China ramin a thlawp tlat vanga lo thleng leh, tunhma kum 50 chuang zet rethei leh thlabar taka an lo rum tawhnate chuan an thinrim a tizual bawk a ni.

China sum tam tham tak puk a ni

Myanmar ram sipai kuta a tluk leh hnu February 2021 hnu hian an ram roreltu SAC chuan ram hmasawnna hna chhuanlamin China sum hmanga thawh tur (Chinese funded) project atan $ 4.8 billion atan inremna an ziak der tawh a. Sri Lanka economic tluksawpna chhan leiba neih ngah lutuk leh a pung nen rulh hleih theih loh hi an la thleng chiah lo a nih pawhin an hlat viau lo ang.

Central Bank of Myanmar in ram dang sum thleng dan kaihhruaina a chhuah avang khan foreign investor te chuan ralkhel dar khawng nghalin Myanmar ram chhunga ram dang sumdawnna la kalpui hram hram tan chuan harsatna satliah lo tak a ni. Hemi avang hian Japanese investor te chuan Myanmar ram an chhuahsan der tawh a. Japan, Singapore Embassy te chuan sipai roreltu (military junta) hnenah CBM in Myanmar ram dang sum thleng dan thar a siam avangin sumdawnna kalpui zel ngaihna a awm loh avangin an chhunzawm theih loh thu ziakin an hrilh a ni.

Khawvel an zawmna hrui a chat em?

Myanmar ram chhunga ram dang sumdawng pawl Chamber of Commerce–Euro, Australia, Great Britain, Germany te chuan thuchhuah inṭawm an tichhuak a, "New foreign currency inkaihhruaina hian Myanmar ram mipuite khawsak harsatna a belhchhah mai bakah ram dang aṭanga sumdawngte dan chepna niin a ngaihna a awm lo a, Myanmar ram hi Global economy leh global financial system nen a inzawmna hrui sahchah ang a ni," tih an thu chhuah chuan a sawi.

Myanmar sipai Sorkar laka hel pawlin China an vau

February 2021 a sipaiin tharum hmanga thu neihna an pawng lak hnu khan anmahni ep tur leh democracy (Kawlho hian dimukrùsì tiin an lam em?) tung ding tura beitu tur PDF (Peoples Democratic Forces) chu May 5, 2021 khan an din a, mipui Sorkar National Unity Government (exile government) pawh ram dangah din niin mawhphurhtu chi hrang hrang pawh an inruat vek a, ram dang aṭanga mimal leh pawlte sum hmanga ṭanpuina leh thlawpna pawh an dawng ṭha hle a. Hei hian Myanmar Sorkar foreign reserve sum hnar lian tak chu a dang chat hle tura ngaih a ni a, hemi avang hian Dollar exchange guidelines pawh hi siam nia ngaih a ni.
Myanmar military junta te chuan a hma lam aia nasa zawkin Chinese company te chu an ram chhunga lei hnuai hausakna la chhuak turin an inremsiam a. Myanmar hmarthlang lama Chinese company lunghlu laihna khur chu an khar loh chuan PDF te hian tharum hmanga beih an nih tur thu hmangin an vau (vo tih loh tur) a. Myanmar lamin heng aṭanga hlawkna sum a chan turte hi mipui sum bawma lut loa sipai hotu liante insem leh mai mai tur niin PDF chuan an sawi bawk.

PDF te hian Chinese Mining Company etc eng emaw zatte chu tunhnai hian khar turin an ti a. Heng zinga langsar tak chu Wanboa Mining Company a ni, anni hi Myanmar Military te din Myanmar Economic Holdings (MEH) nena thawk dun an ni. MEH hian Letpadaung leh Sepataung–Kyesintaung Copper Mines te chu Slingingyi bul hnai Sagaing region ah an nei.

Myanmar ram hel pawl 16 in thu an pe

Myanmar ram chhunga Sorkar laka hel (rebel group) pawl 16 te chuan thuchhuah inṭawm tunhnai khan an chhuah. Myanmar ram chhunga lei hnuai hausakna thil hrang hrang lai chhuaktu Chinese company hrang aṭanga Myanmar in hlawkna a chan turte hi sipai hotu rual koham (greedy military officials) te insem tur a ni, an ti. PDF thu puangtu sawi dan chuan "Heng project te hi khar a, tihtawp a nih loh chuan tharum hmanga beih an tawk ngei ang, chu chu an ngam tur a ni," tiin an vau chheu chheu mai.

Burma military ruler hrohrang chhe tak Gen Ne Win kha a ram mipuite harsatna leh retheihnain a bawhbeh lai khan khawvel mi hausa zual zinga tel phak nia sawi a ni. February 2021 a sipaiin rorelna an chhuh luih hnu hian Chinese company hrang hrangte din thil siam chhuahna 30 zet chu mipui thinrim kawng zawh vel khan an bei nghe nghe a. PDF sipai lam hian China-in an ram chhunga oil leh gas a lakluhna pipeline te an tihchhiatsak tawh a, Nickel siam chhuahna hmun an bei tawh bawk.

Myanmar ram chhunga Chinese Embassy pawh an mangang a, National Unity Government te hi Myanmar ram chhunga Chinese project leh company leh manufacturing unit hrang hrangte bei tawh lo tura biak leh thlem lungawi dan a ngaihtuah a, NUG lam erawh chuan Myanmar military general tlem te thuneihna leh sum leh pai neih tam chaka tuihal huam huamte hi China Sorkarin a hum tlat avang leh, China puihna vang chauha mipui tawrhna rapthlak tak pawh pawi tiloa invilik thei an ni tih an hriat tlat avangin Chinese Embassy hi an be hauh lo ang.

Sorkar chhinchhiah dan chuan democracy duhtu leh sipaite inbeihna avang hian mihring 1,700 chuangin nunna an chan tawh a ni.

HEI VE THUNG HI

Mipui hmakhua leh hamṭhatna ni awm tak tawktarh leh chhuanlama hmang chung sia Myanmar ram roreltute'n thuneihna hmang khaw loa mahni tan sum leh pai hausakna ringawt an lungkhama an um chuan, mipui an rum ṭhin tih Myanmar ram leilung hausakna chi tinreng awmna aṭang hian a fiah ṭha hle mai.

Mizoram hian Myanmar ram roreltute kawng hi kan zawh ve mek a ni mai lo maw?

Source :
News9live.com
April 27, 2022
The Hindu
February 2, 2022
BBC NEWS
April 27, 2022

- Huna Kawlvawm