Thomism: Thomas Aquinas

Nula Thianghlim Mari (Virgin Mary) chungchanga thil hmuh (vision) nei nia an sawi, Thomas Aquinas-a hi pa danglam tak mai a ni a. Rom sawrkarna kehchhiat leh sap rama finna a lo chhuah thar hun inkar (medieval) lai vela mi thianghlim (Saint) tia hriat a ni. A thil rin dan leh ngaihdante hian mi ngaihven a hlawh thei hle.

Vantirhkohte chêt vel dan leh an ṭawng dante hi a ngaihtuahna luah liantu ber a ni ṭhin a. Kan buaina lian tak ni tur, min tichiai thei thil tam tak min sutkiansak a: Amah vang hian Sakhuana leh Science hi inrem takin, insu buai lutuk lovin kan pawmin kan thlir theih phah a; tin, rinna (faith) leh mihring finna (reason) te pawh hman kawp dan min zirtir a ni.

Aquinas-a hi philosopher leh saint ni kawp a ni a. Rinna hloh si lo va, ring mawl tawp duh lo, rinna (faith) chauh la vàwng vak duh lo leh rilru fim tak pua thil ngaihtuah ṭhin a ni. Chuvang chuan mihring finna (reason) pawm dan thar, mi zawng zawng pawm theih turin thiam takin a rawn duang chhuak a ni.

A hming chherna leh mi hriat a hlawhna tak chu khawthlang Europe ho finna thu a zirtirna hi a ni: Kristian chauh ni lo, mi zawng zawng hian thutak leh thudik zawn hmuh theihna leh zawn hmuh theih dan kan nei vek a, Pathianin mihringte hnena a thilpek hlu ber: mihring finna/chhia leh ṭha hriatna (reason) hmang hian a ni.

Kristiante ngaihtuahna phuarbettu a rawn phelh a – A hunlaia zawhna chhân har tak nia an ngaih, Kristian ni ve lote hian Isua Krista tel lo hian finna (wisdom) hi an nei thei em? tih zawhna chu Aquinas-a hian fiah takin a chhang a. Rem hriatna leh finna hi a darh zau thei ang ber leh mi zawng zawng huapin a rawn zirtir ta a. Kristian-te rilru puthmang chu zau takin, khawvela mi chitin rengte huapzo thei turin sang takah a rawn vawrh kang dawrh mai a ni.

Aquinas-a chuan tunlai khawvel ngaihdan tlanglawn ang hian: hriatna leh thiamnate hi sakhaw lam thurin leh rinna nghahchhan em em nei lo pawhin a chan ve theih a, dinhmun chhe tak leh innghahna mumal nei lote pawhin hriatna ṭha (good idea) hi an nei ve thei a ni, a ti ṭhin. Chutih rual chuan Aquinas-a hian mihring finna ringawt hi chuan tawp chin a nei a, a tisual awlsam em em bawk; tin, sualin a hnaih bawk si a, rinna erawh chu Pathian inpuannaah a innghah tlat avangin a rin tlak em em a ni, a ti bawk.

A mimal chanchin

Thomas Aquinas-a hi Italy rama chhungkaw naran lo tak an tih aṭanga lo zichhuak a ni a. Kum 1225 khan lo piangin, a tawi zawngin, University of Naples-ah zirna a chhunzawm a; he lai hmunah hian hmasang Greek leh Rom thuziak a hmuhte kaltlangin hriatna leh thiamna tam tak a chhar a, a rilru sukthlek kaihruaitu hnar an ni zui bawk a ni.

Hun a kal zel a, University of Paris-ah zirna a chhunzawm leh a. Thuziak lama thawhhlawk tak leh mi chung en a rawn ni chho ta thuai a; kum 30 chhung lekin Theology lam hawi thuziak/lehkhabu 200 dawn lai mai a nei hman a ni! A lehkhabute hi lehkhabu satliah/naran an ni ngai lo, a bu hming (title) a pekte reng reng hi an danglam thei em em a; entirna’n: “Summa Theologica,” tih te leh “Summa Contra Gentiles,” tih te hi mi mit titlaitu leh an beng verhtu langsarzual an ni. Tin, a lehkhabu hming ang bawk hian a chhunga thu a khel leh a chaite hi a danglam thei hle a, mi thlir loh dana thlir a thiamin paradoxical writings-ah pawh a sang hle.

Kum 49 chhung lek a dam chhung khan hriatna leh thiamna kawngah a thawhhlawk em em a; a thih hnuah pawh a sulhnu hnutchhiahte hi a ropui em avangin ziaktu tam takin a commentary pakhat, “Songs of Songs” chu a thu zirtirna milin an ziah belh zel a ni. A taksa chu boral tawh mah se, a thuziak erawh a la nung reng a, a huang a zauh zel dawn a ni, tiin an sawi ṭhin. A thih hnu hian Roman Catholic Church chuan amah hi an canonised (mi thianghlim zingah an chhiar – Saint) a, “Patron Saint of Teachers” nihna dinhmun an pe hial.

A hnathawh leh zirtirna-te

Aquinas-a hunlai hian rinna (faith) leh mihring finna (reason) hi an la hrang nasa thei hle a, ngaihdan nghet tak mai: Finna chu Pathian ringtute ta tur chauh a ni a, Pathian ringtu ni lo tan he finna hi a neih theih loh, tih hi sakhuana leh khawvel tihrangtu leh daidangtu a ni ṭhin. Sakhaw mumal nei lo, fing leh thiam tak tak an awm si a, he lai inkar hi thiam taka zirtir a ṭul hun lai takin Aquinas-a a rawn lang ta a ni.

Khawvela mifing ber bera kan ngaihte hi Kristian an ni vek lo tih hi a hnathawh bul ṭantirtu a ni. Kristian ni ve lote hi Kristian an nih loh avang ngawt hian thu ril tak tak ngaihtuahin finna sang tak an nei thei lo tihna a ni lo va, amah Aquinas-a ngei pawhin khawvela thil tinreng hi rinna (faith) kaltlang chauh ni lovin, mihring finna (reason) hmang pawhin a hmuh fiah theih a, ṭangkai takin a hman ve theih a ni, tih chu a zirtirna pawimawh tak a ni.

Hemi chungchang hi a sawi chhunzawm a: Kan khawvel leh a chhunga cheng zawng zawngte hian hnathawh dan leh nihphung, kal dan (law) chi hnih a nei a: Pakhat chu Khawvel thil/Secular (Natural law) leh pakhat chu Sakhaw lam thil/Relogious (Eternal law) te an ni.

Natural law kan tih, khawvel thil lam hi mi tam zawkin an zui a. Thir (iron) tihtui (melt) dan te, tui kawng siam (aqueduct) leh ram inrelbawlna mumal tak neihte hi rinna tel lovin kan thiam vek thei niin a ngai.

Aquinas-a chuan, “Miin i chunga an tiha in duh tur ang zelin mi chungah pawh ti ve rawh u,” (Luka 6:31) tih Lal Isua’n a sawi hi khawtlang leh ram tam tak tan chhungril ṭhatna (moral principle) zirtirna pawimawh tak niin a ngai a. Tin, he zirtirna hi natural law huangchhungah a khung theih a ni a ti bawk.

Eng emaw chang chuan Pathian pawh hian eternal law hmang hian hnathawh chang a nei ṭhin a, chu chu mihring chhia leh ṭha hriatna piah lam thil a ni. Zawlneite thupuan leh hrilhlawkna bakah vantirhkohte hi a entirna ṭha tak niin a ngai. Eternal law chauh hi Pathian hnathawh dan a ni lo.

Natural law chhungah hian Atheist an ni emaw, khawvel mi kan tih, sakhaw lam ngaihsak lote pawh hian hriatna leh thiamna ropui tak an chharin an hmu chhuak thei tih hi a sawi uar ṭhin hle. A chhan chu, kan sawi tâk angin, a hunlai khan hemi chungchangah hian Kristian-te hian khawvel mite hi hetiang nei ve thei lo angah an ngai a, engkim mai sakhuana hmanga thunun an tum lutuk avang khan ngaihdan thuhmun lo leh inhnialna nasa tak a chhuah phah ta ṭhin a ni.

Islam sakhua (muslim) pawh khan hetiang buaina hi an tawk a, a hnuah Aquinas-a zirtirna hian nasa takin a pui a ni; rinna (faith) leh mihring finna (reason) hi inkalh lovin an thawk dun thei a ni tih thiam taka a zirtirna hian muslim-ho kha an rinna kawngah a pui nasa hle.

Hun rei tak chhung chu Spain, Morocco leh Egypt-a Muhammed-a hnung zuitu intite kha thiamna leh hriatna ṭhangduang tak mai khan a chim hneh em em a, scientific idea chi hrang hrang leh philosophy hausakna khan an sakhua kha a chiah hneh hle. An sakhaw hruaitu kal khat deuh deuh leh extreme tak takte thununna leh kaihhruaina hnuaiah khan Islam sakhua kha an nghet tlur (dogmatic) mai bawk si a, hetiang lam hawite thunun kha an uar thei hle.

Muslim philosopher pakhat, Averrroes-a chungah pawh na takin an che a. Aquinas-a ang bawk hian Averroes-a pawh kha Aristotle-a zirtirna ngaina tak mai a ni a, mihring finna (reason) leh sakhuana (religion) hi insu buai lovin an kal dun thei a ni tiin a lo zirtir ve ṭhin. Amaherawhchu a zirtir thiam tawk lo nge ni, mihring finna hian Allah ropuina a hliahtir tiin Muhammad-a aiawhtu intite (Caliphates) khan ‘zirtirna dik lo a ni,’ an ti a; he Averroes-a ngaihdan hi an hnawl mai bakah a lehkhabu zawng zawng pawh an halsak vek a ni.

Mihring finna (reason) an hnawlna khan Muslim-ho khawvel kha a tichhe mek niin Aquinas-a chuan a ngai a, a hma lawka hnamzia fing tak leh ṭhangduang em em kha a tluchhe mai dawn a. Aquinas-a avang hian hetiang harsatna, Muslim hovin an tawh hi Kristian-te chuan an tawk ve ta lo va, muslim sakhua holam zo vek ang a, mi tam takin an hmuh ang hian Kristianna hi an hmuh ve loh phah a ni an ti ṭhin.

Thu Kharna

Aquinas-a hi rinna thuk tak nei mi ni mah se, philosophy ruhrel pawimawh tak, science lam aṭanga rinna chawk buai thei thil su kiangtu pawimawh tak a rawn ngaihtuah chhuak a, thiam taka ziakin a zirtir ṭhin a ni. Thiamna leh finnate hian lo chhuahna bul chi hrang hrang a nei thei tih min hriattir chiantir a: pianpui thiamna (intuition) bakah zir finna (rationality) aṭang te; science bakah inlarna leh Pathian inpuanna (revelation); Pathian thu awih lo (pagans) te bakah puithiamte (monks) aṭangte pawhin thiamna leh finnate hi a awm thei a ni. Aquinas-a ngaihdan leh zirtirnate hi a pawimawh hle.

- Lalrinpuia Pachuau