PRESIDENT’S RULE

Tun hnaiah hian Mizo te zingah presidential rule tih thu hi a lar viau mai a. Political party ṭhenkhatin Mizoram Sawrkara sawi neuh neuh awm denchhena presidential rule-a dah mai dan tur pawh an sawi vung viau niin a lang a. Chan­chinbu leh social media-ah te pawh a lo lang nual a nih kha. Thil ni mai thei tura ngai pawl pawh kan awm nawk ni pawhin a lang.

Chuvangin president’s rule kan tih fo hi eng tihna nge a nih a, engtin nge puan a nih theih dan tawi kimchang deuhvin lo tarlang ila a ṭha awm e.

Kan hriat hmasak tur chu eng danah mah president’s rule tih hi a inziak lo va. India ram Constitution-ah pawh a inziak lo. Mahse State sawrkar, Constitution dungzuia hnathawk thei lote bantirna emaw an thuneihna laksak theih dan chu India ram Constitution hian a sawi chiang hle a. Chutiang hun a lo thlen chuan state thuneihna zawng zawng kha India ram President-in a la a, State sawrkara Ministry chu ṭhiah (dissolved) emaw, dam reng chunga hnathawk thei lo (animated suspension) “Thi reng si-a nung hming pu” ang deuhva dah an ni ṭhin. Chuvang chuan ṭawngkam tlanglawnah (common parlance-ah) ’presidents rule’ kan ti ta mai a ni. Tunah India Constitutionin State sawrkar te a ṭhiah theih dan chu lo en ila.

Article 356 (1)na: He article-ah hian, State Sawr­­kar chu India ram Consti­tution dungzuiin a kal thei tawh lo tih president lungawina khawpa gover­nor-in a report chuan state sawrkar chu president’s rule a dah theih a ni. Tin, State sawrkarin Central sawr­kar thupek a kenkawh zawh tawh loh chuan India ram president-in State thuneih­na a laksak ang tih article 365 ah hian a sawi bawk.

He article 356(1) hi India ram State hrang hrangah vawi 128 hman ni tawhin Manipur-ah phei chuan vawi 10 hman a ni tawh a, an la thawh hlawk ber a ni. Vawi 88 chu Congress sawrkar lai leh vawi 50 chu Indira Gandhi hun lai a ni. Mizoramah chuan vawi thum hman a ni tawh bawk. Kum 1977, (Ch.Chhunga), 1978 (Thenphunga) leh 1988 (Laldenga) hun-ah te khan presidential rule-in kan awm a nih kha.

He dan hman chhung zawng hian president chuan State thuneihna (High Court tih loh chu) chu a la vek a. President chuan State pawisa hman dan tur leh consolidated fund of the State enkawl dan tur te a thunun vek a. Parliament session awm loh lai a nih chuan State hman State rorelna atan a hranin Ordinance pawh a siam thei bawk.

A tlangpuiin president’s rule rei zawng hi thla hnih a ni phawt tur a ni a. A ṭul chuan parliament-in thla ruk zel pawt seiin kum thum thleng a pawt sei thei bawk. National emergency puan lai a nih emaw chuan kum khat aia rei pawt sei turin Election Commission of India aṭangin inthlan a la neih theih loh tih nemnghehna a nei phawt tur a ni bawk.

President’s rule puanna tur te: A chunga kan sawi ang khian 'Constitution anga kal thei tawh lo State Legislature leh Executive te chu president-in an thuneihna a laksak ang,' tih a ni a. Mahse a chipchiarin PR puan theihna chhan turte a sawi lo va. Chuvangin SR Bommai VS Union of India thubuaia Supreme Court-in kum 1994 a thu tihtluk dan hi en a ngai dawn a ni. He Supreme Court thutlukna hi Sarkaria Commission 1983 thurawt dungzuia siam a ni bawk tih hria ila.

President’s rule puan theihna tur te:-
Pakhatna: Inthlan zawha sawrkar siam thei party an awm loh chuan.
Pahnihna: Seat la tam ber party-in sawrkar a siam duh loh chuan.
Pathumna: State sawrkarin Sawrkar laipui thu a zawm duh loh chuan.
Palina: State sawrkarin constitution a bawhchhiat chuan.
Pangana: Ram himna tiderthawng khawpa State sawrkarin a mawh­phurhna a hlen duh loh chuan.

President’s rule puan a ṭul kher lohna chhante lo en ve leh ila :-
Pakhatna: Ministry ding laiin member tam zawk thlawpna a neih chhung chuan.
Pahnihna: Minstry kha eng vang pawhin lo tlu mah se, Governor-in sawrkar siam thei tur zawng hmasa lova president’s rule a rawt ringawt a nih loh chuan.
Pathumna: Assembly Session-ah sawrkar paihthlak (no confidence motion) a nih loh va, Governor-in president’s rule a rawt ringawt a nih loh chuan.
Palina: Parliament inthlanpuiah State-a ruling party-in hnehna a chan loh vang ringawtin. (Kum 1977 khan Janata Party Morarji Desaia kaihhruai khan Janata Sawrkar ni lo State pakua a ṭhiat a. Indira Gandhi a rawn PM leh kum 1980 khan non-Congress State sawrkar pakua a rawn ṭhiat leh chiah bawk.)
Pangana: Tualchhung buaina pawh lo chhuak se, a tihrehna tura hmanraw hman theih zawng zawng hman a la nih loh chuan.
Parukna: Pawisa mamawh thut avanga hna thawh theih loh a nihin.
Pasarihna: Sawrkara Minister te hlemhletnaa inrawlha puh an nih vang ngawtin.

He article 356(1) hi hman sual fo a ni: He article nih dan leh awmzia (spirit) chu kan sawi angin state sawrkarin Constitution dungzuia hna a thawh theih loh huna hman atana duan a ni a. Mahse Central sawrkarin he article a hman dan hi chuan Constitution thiam mite lung a dum lo fo a ni awm e. Politics khelh nana hmanga Central sawrkara rorel lai zawmpui State level party te humhimna atan an hmang fo niin a lang. Vawiin thlenga vawi 128 zet he dan hi lekkawh a ni hian politics thui tak a inrawlh ang tih a rin theih mai awm e.
Mahse kum 1994-a SR Bommaia Case chungchanga Supreme Court thutlukna a lo awm khan PR hi Central sawrkar hian a puang mai mai ta lo niin a lang.

SR Bommaia Case chu: 'Karnataka CM SR Bommaia sawrkar chu MLA 19 laiin an bansan avangin majority a hloh e,' tiin April 21, 1989 khan paih (dismiss) a ni a. SR Bommaia hian Governor hnena sawrkar siam thei a nihzia lehkha a thehluh pawhin Governor chuan a pawmsak duh lo va. Karnataka High Court-a a zualkona an lo hnawlsak hnuin Supreme Court-ah a kal ta a. Kum nga zet ngaihtuah a nih hnuin kum 1994 khan SC chuan SR Bommaia chu thiam a chantir ta a. President hian state sawrkarte ṭhiat turin thuneihna tawp (absolute powers) a nei lo va, parliament-in a lo pawmpui a nih pawhin State sawrkar ṭhiahna chhan (material) kha a dik chuang lo, a ti a ni. He court thutlukna hi a pawimawh em em a, Article 356(1) hman danah Court a inrawlh (review) thei tih pawh a rawn tichiang ta hle a ni.
Kum 1976-a Constitution 42nd amendment-ah khan article 356(1) chungchangah Court inrawlh a khap kha a ni a. Kum 1978-a siam 44th amendment khan judicial review hi hman theihin a lo siam ta a ni. State sawrkarte tan thâwk huaina tham a ni ngei ang.

Entirna'n Bihar Case: Kum 2005 khan Bihar-ah JDU leh RJD in sawrkar siam an inchuh laiin Governor-in president’s rule a rawt a. A chhan chu Nitish Kumara JD(U) leh party dang MLA te kha Sawrkar siam tumin an inhawrkhawm mek a, majority neiin an insawi a. Mahse Governor khan Delhi-a a pute signal a hmu a ni chêk ang chu, JDU chu sawrkar siam turin a sawm duh lo va. A chhan nia lang chu Delhi-a a pute duhsak zawk Lalu Prasada RJD khan sawrkar an siam thei bawk lo va tin ni.
Chuvangin, JD(U) sawrkar siamtir ai chuan president’s rule-a dah mai zawk turin Governor chuan a rawt a. Hmanhmawh takin India ram President Moscow-a a zin lai chu he thupuanah hian a hming an han ziaktir ta chûk chûk a. Mahse, Supreme Court chuan chu thupuan chu constitution kalh a ni, tiin a rawn paihsak ta a. SC vek hian political party-in MLA tam zawk majority nei nia insawia sawrkar siam an tum (stake to form the government) chuan Governor-in a dang thla ngawt thei lo a ti a. Party pakhatin party dang MLA te nena tuihnai lo taka inzawmkhawma puha sawrkar siamtir loh hi democracy kalh a ni, a ti ve ta tlat thung a ni.
India Constitution duangtu (Drafting Committee) Chairman Dr. BR Ambedkara khan he article hi hman ṭul lo, “dead letter” a ni ang tiin, hman tur a nih pawhin President chu a fimkhur theihtawp a chhuah tur a ni, a lo ti tawh a. Politics-a remchanna dik lo lak tumna atana hman a hlau hle a ni. Mahse kan hriat angin a tak takah chuan PM leh a Cabinet te rawtna hi chu a chak thei em a, President tan pawh lo fimkhur vak kha a theih ta ṭhin lo a ni ber awm e.

Mizoramah president's rule-a awm mai thei ang em?
Kan sawi nual tawh a. President’s rule puan theih leh theih loh chungchanga SC thutlûkna kan en khi chuan; tun maia Mizorama PR a awmna chhan tur a awm mai awm lo ve. Eirûkna emaw sum harsatna emaw vang ngawt phei chuan a theih loh tih a lang reng a. Sawrkar nghet pangngai (majority and stable government) a awm lai leh, State sawrkarin constitution a bawhchhia e, tih chiang taka finfiahna emaw, ram leh hnam himna tiderthâwng zawngin hna an thawk e, tih fiahna emaw a awm a nih si loh chuan PR hi kan hnaih hranpain a lang lo ve.
A hre zawkte chhunzawmah i dah tawh mai ang aw.

- P.C.Lawmkunga