Pianpui Ṭawng pawimawhna leh a hmathlir

Vawiin hi khawvel huapa Pianpui Ṭawng Ni a ni. Kum 60 lai kal ta, February ni 21, 1952 khan East Pakistan (Bangladesh ni ta) khawpui Dhaka-ah chuan zirlaiten an pianpui ṭawng, Bangla chu an ram ṭawngpui ni mek Urdu bakah an ram ṭawngpui zinga telh ve turin sawrkar an nawr a.

Kawng an zawh a, mipui tam takin an zawm bawk a. Vanduaithlak takin kawng zawhtute chu police-te nen an innawr buai a, police lam chuan mi engemaw zat an kap hlum a, za tam takin hliam an tuar bawk a. Mahse, he ni hi Bengali-te chuan an pianpui ṭawng ni a tan an hmang zui ta a.

Kum 1998 khan Bang­ladesh mi, Rafiqul Islam leh Abdus Salam, Vancouver, Canada-a cheng te chuan UNO General Secretary hnen­ah he ni hi khawvel puma Pianpui Ṭawng Ni atana puang tura ngenna an theh lut a. Chumi kal zelah chuan UNESCO chuan 1999 khan February ni 21 hi International Mother Language Day atan a pawm a, UN General Assembly 2000 pawhin a pawm ve leh ta a ni.

Kumina Pianpui Ni thupui atana UNESCO-in a thlan chu: “Hmanraw thar (technology) ṭawng zirna atan: Chona leh A remchanna” tih a ni a. Tunlai hmanraw tharte hi zirna tihchangtlunna atana ṭangkai lehzuala hman uar hi a tum chu a ni. Hripui leng avang hian khawvel hmun tinah zirna inte chu khar a ni a. UNESCO, UNICEF, World Bank leh OECD-ten an zir chianna aṭangin ram 143 zinga ram 96-te chuan biak-hmuhtheihna (online) hmangin zirtirna an kalpui thei a; ram rethei deuh 58% lai chuan TV leh radio hmangin zirna an kalpui bawk a. Hei hian tunlai hmanraw ṭha hmanga zirtirna kalpui a ṭulzia a tichiang lehzual ta a ni.

UNESCO Director General, Audrey Azoulay chuan kumina Pianpui Ṭawng Ni atana thuchah a siamah chuan hmanraw ṭha hman hian nasa takin ṭawng lama in mihranna hi a veng thei dawn a ni, a ti.

Pianpui Ṭawng Ni hman hian a tum bul ber chu ṭawng ral mek vawn him te, pianpui ṭawng hman uar te leh tihhmasawnte hi a ni tih kan hriat thar leh a pawimawh awm e. Ṭawng leh hnam nun hi a inzawm thui hle. Nelson Mandela chuan, “A hriat thiam ṭawng hmanga mi i biak chuan a nel hle che ang a, a pianpui ṭawng ngeia i biak chuan a thinlung zawng zawngin a kawm ang che,” a ti. French linguist Claude Hagege-a chuan, “Ṭawng hi thumal awm khawm satliah ni mai lovin, nunna nei, culture siamtu thil hrang hrang suih zawmtu leh awi nungtu a ni a, ṭawng a thih rualin a chenna culture a chenna hnam nun pawh a ho ve nghal ṭhin,” a ti bawk.

He ni denchhen hian Mizo ṭawng leh a hmathlir tih han thlur ta ila. Khawvel ṭawng hi hlawm lian pui pui sawm pathum lai ṭhen a ni a, chumi zinga hlawm lian pawl tak chu Sino-Tibetan Group (Trans-Himalayan an tih bawk) an tih bawk hi a ni a. Sino-Tibetan Group - ah hian hlawm lian deuh deuh pahnih Chinese leh Tibeto-Burman a awm leh a. Tibeto-Bur­man hi heng ram Tibet Autonomous Region of China, Myanmar (Burma); Himalayan region-Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim, leh India hmarchhak a hnamte hian an hmang veleh thung a ni. Tibeto-Burman Group hi a ni a, chumi peng pakhat chu Mizo hnahthlak ṭawng tia kan sawi theih mai, linguistic term chuan Kuki - Chin languages-te hi a ni.

Tunlaia ṭawng zir mi (linguist)-te chuan he ṭawng hlawm sawina atan hian Mizo-Kuki-Chin tih an hmang ta thung a ni. Tibeto-Burman ṭawng lama mi thiam bik Thangi Chhangte chuan, “Mizo ṭawng hi Tibeto-Burman ṭawng zinga peng pakhat, Mizo-Kuki-Chin branch an tih zinga mi a ni,” tiin a sawi.

Mizo-Kuki-Chin group-a ṭawngte hi a inhnai zual tawh hle. Ṭawng inhre tawn sa lo pawh an inbiak chuan, bo lutuk lovin an inhre tawn thei mai a. Ṭawng chipeng pakhat thu sawi chu ngun taka ngaihthlak chuan a sawi tum lam chu a hriat theih ruak zel a ni. Awmna hmun a hran rei tawh avang te, an chheh vel ṭawng dangin a pawlh dal tawh avang tea a thluk dan te, sawi chhuah dan kawngkal hrang hret hret te a ni ber.

Ṭawng hrang daih hmang tan phei chuan heng ṭawng chi peng hrang hrangte thu sawi hi hriat hran hleih theih loh khawpin a inhnaih a ni. Hemi chungchang hi T.H.Lewin-a pawhin heti hian a ziak a, “Hnam peng hrang zawng zawng deuh thawin anmahni ṭawng hrang an nei vek a; tihdan phung leh khawsakna hmun thuhmun loh vangin an lamrik dan leh thil hming sawi dan chu hmun ṭhenkhatah danglam hlek hlek mah se, an thusawi dan hmang chik taka ngaihtuah chuan... Lushai (Mizo) hi an hmang tlang vekin an inhre tawn thei vek a ni. Lushai dialect hi a ram pum ṭawng inṭawm tlan (lingua franca) chu a ni,” tiin. (p.33)

Ṭawng leh chi peng ṭawng (Language vrs Dialect) hi sawifiah leh thliar chian har tak a ni. Max Weinrich chuan army leh navy tih ang chauh a ni’ a ti. Ram rorelna pakhat hnuaia awm leh awm lovin kawngro a su thui hle. Swedish ṭawng leh Norwegian ṭawng chu inhnai tak, inhriat pawh theih vek ni mah se ram hran hlak a ni a, chuvangin languages hran anga sawi kumkhua a ni. Chutih laiin Chinese hnam lian pahnih Cantonese ṭawng leh Mandarin ṭawng chu a hmaa kan sawi takte aia inhlat zawk tak ni mah se ram pakhat hnuaia awm an nih avang nge ni a, Chinese dialects tia sawi an ni tlat.

Yugoslavia chu ram pakhat a nih lai khan Croatian leh Serbian ṭawng chu ṭawng khat, dialect hrang anga sawi mai ṭhin a ni a; ram hrang (Independent State) an nih tak hnu chuan ṭawng khat, Dialect hrang anga sawi zui an duh hauh lo, chuvangin ṭawng (language) hran anga sawi an ni tawh. Mizo hnahthlak ṭawng kan tihte hi hnam dang, min hre hauh lo chuan a danglamna an hre lo. Keiniho pawh hi kan inhre pawp tlang thei deuh vek. Min khaikhawmtu ber chu tuna Mizo Ṭawng kan tih tak hi a ni. He ṭawng group hming atan hian Mizo ṭawng tih ngawt chu kan lentlak a la rual lo deuh mai thei e, ‘Mizo-Kuki-Chin Group’ tia sawi duah hian Mizo chi peng hrang hrang a huam kim tak tak chuang lo va, chuvangin ‘Chhinlung group’ tia sawi ṭhin a ṭha zawk mai thei.

Mizo Ṭawng Hmathlir:
Zirna lama Mizo ṭawng dinhmun leh a ṭhan dan te, rorelna leh zirna lama a ṭhan dan te, khawvel ram hrang hranga Mizo ṭawng a darh dante chu kan sawi hman lova. Mizo ṭawng hma lam hun tur hi kawng hrang hrangin a thlir lawk theih a. Hmathlir kan tih hian Mizo ṭawng hma lam dinhmun leh hmasawn dan tur thlir lawkna a ni ber a. Mizo hnam pumpui tana rohlu ni mek, Mizo ṭawng hi chu thih hlauhawmin a awm lovin ka hria a, chutih ahnekin a ṭhang zel a, a hmabak hi a êng zawngin thlir theih tak a ni. Mizo ṭawng hmathlir hi kawng hrang hrangin a sawi theih awm e.

India ram ṭawngpui zinga Mizo ṭawng telh
He mi chungchang hi seminar vawi engemaw zat neih tawh a ni a, Mizo Academy of Letter phei chuan, Mizo Ṭawng leh 8th Schedule tih bu, phek 177 laia chhah a tichhuak hial a, chuvangin tawi fel deuhvin han tarlang ila. India danpui-a Eighth Schedule hi India rama ṭawng chawikanna leh humhalhna a ni a. A tirah ṭawng 14 a awm a, tunah chuan ṭawng 22 a awm tawh a, tunah hian telh tura dil mek ṭawng 44 a awm mek a, Mizo ṭawng pawh chung zingah chuan 31-na a ni.
Eighth Schedule-a Mizo ṭawng awm ve se a ṭhatna tur tlangpuite tawi te tein sawi thuak thuak ila:

1. Mizo M.P-ten Parliament-ah duh tawkin Mizo ṭawngin thu an sawi thei ang;
2. Parliament dan siam reng reng Mizo ṭawngin lehlin a ni ve tawh ang;
3. All India Services Examinations-ah Mizo thu leh hlate chu Optional Paper pahnihah thlan theih a ni ang a, heng paper-ahte hian Mizo ṭawngin an chhang thei tawh ang;
4. All India Service exam-a inziak tlingte chuan Mizo ṭawngin interview an hmachhawn thei ang;
5. Mizo ṭawng humhalh, vawn him leh tihhmasawnna ṭha tak a ni thei ang;
6. High Court-ah dan thiamten Mizo ṭawngin thubuai an sawi thei tawh ang a, thu tlukna pawh Mizo ṭawnga ziah tel theih a ni ang;
7. Mizo ṭawng hi India pawisa (currency note)-ah a chuang ve tawh ang;
8. Mizoram sawrkarah Mizo ṭawngin office file-ah ziak theih a ni ang;
9. India ram ṭawng hmakhua enkawltu ber SAHYTIA AKADEMY-ah Executive member-ah te, hemi hnuaia State chhungah ṭawng inrelbawlna office neih te; Akademy-in Book Award leh Translation Award a pek ṭhinah kum tin Mizo zinga ziak miten an dawng ve ṭhin a; Sahitya kal tlanga ṭawng tihhmasawnna tur hmaṭhatna chi hrang hrang a dawng ve tawh ṭhin ang;
10. National Book Trust (NBT)-in Mizo ṭawnga ziah lehkhabu ṭhate chu Sap ṭawng leh Hindi bakah Eigth Schedule a awm ṭawng dangin a letlingin, a chhu ṭhin ang.

Heng kan sawi bakte pawh hi hamṭhatna awm thei a la awm nual a. A pawimawh ber chu India sawrkar-in ṭawngpui zinga a seng luh ve hi a ni a; chumi thleng tur chuan tlawmngai pawl leh sawrkar-in inlungruala theih tawp nawr a ni a. Tun hi thapui chhuah a hun lai tak pawh a ni a, khua kan tlai chuan ṭhangtharten min la dem ang tih a hlauhawm hle.

Mizo Language Board din
Mizo ṭawng hmathlir kan sawi dawn chuan hei ber hi a hnuk pawimawh chu a ni. Pawl hrang hrang bakah ziak mite, chanchinbu mite, zirtirtu leh mi tam takin tlumtea thlir taka kan lo thlir ṭhin ‘Mizo Language Development Board Bill’ chu Mizoram Assembly-ah pharh a ni dawn ta a, a lawmawm hle. Mizo Language Board din ṭhatna leh pawimawhna hi thui tak sawi tur a awm a, chu board chu ding ta se engte nge a tih ang tiin mi ṭhenkhat chuan kan ngaihtuah thei ang. Sawi tur a tam thei; MLB a ding emaw ding lo emaw Mizo ṭawng chungchangah ke penna tur a ṭhahnem hle.

Humhalh :
Mizo ṭawng humhalh kawngah a ṭangkai em em dawn a ni. Sap ṭawng chu kan hriat chhun chhun kan ziak dik mai a, kan pianpui ṭawng ber hi ziah dik a har hle, Mizo ṭawng ziah dan hi awmze nei lehzuala kan zir a, kan duan chhuah a pawimawh deuh deuh dawn. Mizo ṭawng lam rik dan dik hi ṭhangtharte zirtir a pawimawh zual ta. Zirtirtute leh zirlaite bakah ṭhalai tute tan pawha hmuh leh ngaihthlak tur siam chhuah te; Mizo ṭawng thluk chhinchhiahna siam te; Mizo ṭawng upa leh ṭawngkauchheh vawn nun leh humhalh te; Mizo ṭawng dik leh ṭha humhim kawnga hmalak te chu a tihtur pawimawh zinga mi a ni ang.

Tihhausak:
Mizo ṭawng tihhausak kawnga hmalak chu a hna pawimawh a ni ngei ang. Hnam dang ṭawng seng luh chungchang te, Mizo Hnahthlak ṭawng seng khawm te; ṭawng thar seng luh te, Glossary siam te; Mizo ṭawng hi computerized a ṭul deuh deuh dawn, word mal bik thlan chhuah a, computer lama hman theih tura buatsaih a ṭul dawn a, chumi ti tur chuan hma a ṭul.

Theh darh:
Mizo ṭawng theh darh kawnga hma lak hi hna pawimawh a ni bawk. Mizo ṭawng hnam dang ṭawnga lehlin leh chhuah te; media hman ṭangkai te; ṭhangtharte leh hnam dang tan Mizo ṭawng zirna buatsaih te; ziak hmang te, Aw (audio) hmang te; hmuh theih (visual) hmang tea Mizo ṭawng theh darh leh zirtir hi hna pawimawh tak a tling.

Mizo Grammar siam:
Mizo ṭawng Grammar hi English Grammar zulzuia siam a ni ṭhin a, lingui­stic based grammar kan neih hlan a nghahhlelhawm hle mai. Hei hi Mizo ṭawng ziah dan nen thui tak inkaihhnawih a nih avangin kan mamawh zual hle. Mizo ṭawng ziah dan chungchanga inhnialna awm ṭhin hi chin fel a ṭul hle. Lingguistics-te ngaihdan H.Laldinmawian a sawi chhawn dan chuan, ‘Grammar chu pianpui ṭawnga hmangtu-ṭawng neituten an ṭawng phena an ṭawng nihphung dik tak, chhungril aṭanga an hriatthiamna hi a ni’. Hei hian Sapṭawng grammar kalphung piah lama kan ṭawng kalphung aṭang zawka grammar bu siam a pawimawhzia a tichiang hle.

Research:
Mizo ṭawng chungchangah hian zirzauna (research) neih a ṭul hle. Mizo hnahthlak ṭawng hrang hrang inlaichin dan chhui leh zir chian a, min khaikhawmtu ber Mizo ṭawng tihhausakna hmanrua atan seng luh thiam a ṭul hle. Hmasawnna avangin kan ṭawng awm sain a daih lo tam tulh tulh a, a tihhauhsak nan Mizo chipeng ṭawng kan chhawr ṭangkai thei ang. Mizo ṭawng inher danglam dan hi chhui chian tham a tling ta. Ṭawng her danglamtu thil ṭhenkhat han tarlang ila: Hmasawnna avangin nasa takin ṭawng thar a piang zel; thiamna leh thil hmuhchhuah tharin ṭawng a her danglam nasa; sakhuain nasa takin ṭawng a tidanglam ṭhin; electronic media-in ṭawng a her danglam nasa em em a, a her danglam dawn chauh ni pawhin a lang. Ṭawng a inthlak danglam chuan Grammar a nghawng chawk. Old Eglish leh Contemporary English chu Grammar pawh a danglam thui hle. Ṭawng inher danglam chuan Spanish morphology leh Syntax a nghawng nasa em em. Mizo ṭawng inher danglam hian kan Grammar hi a nghawng phak ve em tih te zir chian a hun hle. 

Ṭawng a inher danglam chuan Phonological system (Specific sounds system) a nghawng bawk. Mizo ṭawngah pawh chhui tham a ni ang. Entir nan; Zalênna tih aiin zalenna tih a l^r tawh zawk. German ṭawng ri (sound system) khu ṭawng inher danglamin a nghawng nasat tak pakhat a ni. Tun hmaa ‘h’ chu ‘b’ angin an lam ri tawh a; ‘b’ chu ‘p’ angin; ‘p’ chu ‘f’ angin an lam daih tawh a ni an ti. Mizo ṭawng hausak bikna, adverb ṭhiang hi awmze nei taka chhui tham a tling.

Mizo chi peng ṭawng huikhawm:
Mizo chi peng ṭawng hrang hrangte hi humhalh a, huikhawm thiam a ṭul ta hle. Mizo ṭawng hi min phuar khawmtu ṭawng (linked language) a ni a; famkim lohna tam tak a nei, a tihchangtlun nana chi peng ṭawngte kan seng khawm thiam deuh deuh a pawimawh. Mizo ṭawnga awm lo hi Mizo hnahthlak chi peng ṭawng hrang hrangah hian a tihfamkimna tur tam tak a awm thei ang.

Thumal chher thar:
Mi ṭhahnemngai ṭhenkhatten thumal thar an chher nual a, pawl ṭhen­khatte pawhin rawtna an nei nual tawh. Sawrkar pisa peng hrang hrangten an thiam dan danin Sapṭawng tlukpui Mizo ṭawngin an dah nual tawh bawk. Ṭha tak tak, hman zui tak a awm nual a, mahse thuneitu ber awm ta lo chu hriat hlawh lovin an thingtlukar nun ve mai mai a. Khawl thar leh thiamna hrang hrang lo chhuak zel avang te, khawvel a zim tak avangte hian hnam dang ṭawngin min pawlh nasa tulh tulh a, chuvangin thumal chher thar lamah pawh ṭan lak a ṭul hle.

Engpawh ni se, Mizo ṭawng hi Pathian min pek a ni a, hei hi kan hnam nihna (identity) tichiangtu pawimawh, kan hnam nunphung a pawimawh em em, hlamchhiah theih loh a ni. He ṭawng hi kan tan pianpui ṭawng a ni a, amaherawhchu keimahni chauhvin kan hman tur a ni lo. Kan chhehvela mi te, khawvel ram danga mite pawhin an la hman zel tur a ni a, a hmakhua kan thlir thiam a ṭul. Osaka University-a linguistic department-ah chuan paper pakhatah Chin unaute ṭawng hi nikum lawk aṭangin an zir tel a, he University a thawk kan ṭhianpa chuan, engtikniah emaw chuan Mizo ṭawng pawh telh ve ka duh, tiin min hrilh. Keimahni chauh in en lovin, kan ṭawng hi khawvela ṭawng pakhat zir tham leh zir tur a ni thei tih hriain humhalh ila, tiṭhang ila, tiphuisui zel ang u. He Pianpui Ṭawng Ni denchhen hian Pathian min pek Mizo ṭawng hi zahpui lovin i hmang uar deuh deuh ang u.

Works Cited
1. https://en.unesco.org/commemor...(np)
2. Changte, Thangi, Unpublished Seminar Paper.
3. Lewin..T.H. A Progressive Colloquial Exercises in the Lushai Dialect, 1874 as quoted by Darchuailova Renthlei, Mizo Ṭawng Hmelhmang, Zoṭawng, Editor.Zoramdinthara, Department of Mizo, Pachhunga University, 2013.
4. Max Weinrich, as quoted by Rickerson,E.M “What’s the difference between dialect and language?.” The Five Minute Linguist. College of Charleston. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
5. Lyons, John, Language and Linguistics, Cambridge University Press (1981) ISBN 0-521-29775-3.
6. Laldinmawia, H. Mizo Ṭawng Ṭobul leh Hmasawn Dan Chhuichianna, Human Resource Development Board (HRDB), Government of Mizoram, 2022.

- Prof. R.L.Thanmawia, MZU & President, Mizo Academy of Letters