RAMKANG LEH A NGHAWNGTE

Thuhmahruai:

Mihringte thlen leh Khuarelin a thlen avangin ram kang hi a lo thleng ṭhin a. Mihring, ram ngaw, nungcha, lui tui leh sik leh sa boruak thlengin nghawng nasa tak a nei ṭhin.

Ram kan chhan:

World Wildlife Fund-in a chhut danin ram kang zawng zawng zaa 75 hi mihringte thlen nia ngaih a ni. Khawvelah kum 2019 aiin kum 2020 ah ram kang hi 13 per cent laiin a sang a. Heng ṭek tla, tlang kang, arsi themin lei a sut, lungalhthei lo kang chhuak vang te chian ram kang a thleng ve bawk ṭhin. Chung zawng zawng belhkhawm chu khawvela ram kang zaa 25 chauh a ni thung (WWF, 2020).

Ram kang leh India ram:

Global Forest Resources Assessment (GFRA, 2020) in a tarlan danin India hi khawvelah forest nei zau ber 10 na a ni a, hectare 72160 lai niin, khawvel ram ngaw zawng zawng aṭangin zaa pahnih a ni phak. India ram zawng zawng zaa 24.3 hi forest a ni bawk.

India State Forest Report, 2019 in a tarlan danin India ram forest pumpui zaa 36 lai hi ram kangin a tihbuai ṭhin a ni. Ram kan chhan tam ber hi mihring te vang nia ngaih a ni. Kum 2020-2021 a India ram state zinga ram kang thlen ngun berna state chu Odisha niin, ram kang vawi 51968 lai a thleng. District zingah Gadchiroli, (Maharashtra) hi ram kang thlen ngun berna niin ram kang vawii 10577 a thleng (SNPPVIIRS data).

Ram kang leh Mizoram:

Mizoramah hian kum 2000 aṭanga kum 2021 chhung khan ram kang hi vawi 7779 a tleng a, kum tinin vawi 370 vel thleng ziah ang a ni. He kum 21 chhung hian ram tin nuaih hnih leh singnga chuang (257160.7) a kang chhia a, kum tinin ram ṭin sing khat leh sang hnih chuang (12245.7) kang chhe ziah ang a ni (PCCF, GoM).

Kum 2020-2021 chhung khan Mizo­ramah ram kang vawi 4486 a thleng a, India ram State leh UT zingah ram kang thlen tam lamah 9 na lai a ni. India ram district zawng zawng zingah ram kang thlen tam lamah Aizawl district hi 17 naah a lang ve bawk a, ram kang vawi 3336 lai a thleng. Hemi kum chhung hian, ram kang lian tham, large forest fire events an tih hi Mizoramah ni khat tling lo vawi 508, ni khat awh vawi 158, ni hnih awh vawi 73, ni thum awh vawi 49, ni li awh vawi 18 leh ni 5 awh vawi 9 a thleng.

Ram kangin a nghawngte:

Ram kang hian nghawng tam tak a nei a, chung zinga a langsar zualte han tarlang i la:

1. Ramngaw a chereu:

Ram kang hi Forest leh a hausakna suattu lian berte zinga mi a ni a. World Wildlife Fund (WWF) in a tarlan danin ram kang vang hian khawvel pumah forest hi kum tinin ṭin maktaduai khat chuang a chhe ziah a. Khawvel ram hrang hrang zingah Brazil chu ram kang vanga forest chan nasa ber an ni mek.

Global Forest Resources Assessment (GFRA, 2020) in a tarlan danin kum 2015 khan khawvel pumah ram kan avangin ram ngaw hectare maktaduai 98 lai a kang chhia a, chu chu khawvel ram pum pui forest zaa 3 a tling phak hial a. State Forest Report (SRF), 2021 in a tarlan danin Kum 2020-2021 chhung khan ram kang vanga ram ngaw channa hi north east-ah a nasa zual a, Sq. km 1020 lai a ni.

North East state zingah pawh Mizoram hi ram kang vanga forest chan nasa pawl tak kan ni. Ramngaw kan neih sa 1.03 per cent lai kan chan a ni. Hei hi a chhan ber chu shifting cultivation vang te, deforestation lo awmin lei nghet lo siamin leimin a siam a, chu chuan ram ngaw a tih chhiat leh thin vang niin a lang (SFR, 2021).

2. Sum leh pai hlohna nasa tak a ni:
Ram kang hian sum leh pai hlohna nasa tak a thlen ṭhin. Khawvel ram ropui ber USA-ah chuan kum 2019 chhung ringawt khan dollar billion 14.8 lai mai ram kang vangin an hloh a ni. India ram pumah kum 2020-2021 chunga ram kang vanga pawisa hloh zawng zawng hi cheng 444 crores lai nia chhut a ni bawk. Mizoramah chuan kum 2000 aṭanga kum 2018 chhung khan ram kang vangin cheng 15,39,90,207 lai hloh a ni a, kum tin cheng 90,58,247 hloh ziah ang a ni (PCCF, Mizoram, 2021)

3. Mihring nunna suattu a ni:
Khawvel pumah ram kang vang hian kum ṭin mi 33,000 aia tamin nunna an chan ziah nia chhut a ni (Steven Reinberg, 2021). Japan (7000), Mexico (3000), China (1200), South Africa (5200), Thailand (5300) leh USA (3200) te chu ram kang leh kangmei vanga kum khata mihring nunna chan tam zualna ram a ni. Ram kang leh ram kangin a siam kangmei chhuak vangin USA-ah 2019 chhung khan mi 3700 lai an thi a, mi 17000 velin hliam an tuar bawk (Nathan Reiff, 2021).

India ramah chuan ram kang vanga nunna chan chhinchhiah tawh chu 27,027 a ni. Mizoramah chuan kum 2019 aṭanga 2021 chhung kahn ram kang vangin mi 7 in nunna an chan a. Lunglei leh Lawngtlai district te hi ram kangin a tihbuai nasat pawl te an ni a (Henry L Khojo, 2021), Heng District pahnihah hian kum 2015-2019 chhung khan mi 10 chuangin ram kang vangin nunna an chan a ni (Press Trust of India, 2020).

4. Nungcha suattu a ni:
Ram kang hian forest mai bakah Forest a cheng nungchate tan chhiatna, thihna leh mang vekna hial a thlen thei a ni. Victoria Gill, BBC Correspondent-in zirchianna a neihin a tarlan danin, kum 2020 khan, Brazil a Pantanal wetland-ah ram kang vangin nungcha maktaduai 17 vel thi anga ngaih a ni. Kum 2019 a Amazon Ram ngaw kang avang khan nungcha maktaduai 2.3 velin nunna an chan nia ngaih a ni bawk (Gwyn D’Mello, 2019). Kum 2020 a California ram kang vang khan nungcha 6000 aṭanga 12000 velin nunna an chan nia chhut a ni a (Scheffer, 2021). Khawvela rain forest zawng zawng aṭanga 39.6 per cent lai awmna Amazon rain forest-ah khuan ram kang kal zelin a thlen, ram ngaw chereu avangin thilnung chi hrang 50,000 vel kum tinin an mang nia ngaih a ni (adoptananimalkits.com).

5. Tuihna a ti tlem:
Ram kang hian forest a tichhia a, chumi ngawng chu tuihna a lo tlem hi a ni. Chu mai bakah tui a ti bawlhhlawh nasa viau bawk a ni. Tui intur thianghlim kan hmuhna hnar ber chu Forest hi a ni a, khawvel ram ropui ber USA ah pawh an tui thianghlim neih zaa 80 vel chu Forest aṭanga an hmuh a la ni reng a ni. Ram a kan hian, ram ruak a lo insiam a, ruah a lo surin soil erosion a lo nasa a, tui lian te a lo siam nasa ta a, chu chuan tui thianghlim supply tur thlengin harsatna a thlen ta ṭhin a ni.

Tun hnaiah Mizoramah pawh fur ruah tui tam laiin tui a lian vak a, ṭhal laiin a kang nasa leh hle ṭhin ta te hi ram kangin ram ngaw a tih chhiat vanga lo thleng a nihna chin thui tak a awm. Aizawlin tui thianghlim a lakna ber Tlawng lui pawh hian kam lam a pan mek a, kum 2011 vel kha chuan ṭhal lai pawhin, PHE Department-in Phase I leh Phase II aṭangin duh tawkin tui pump tur an nei thei ṭhin a, kum 2021 ah erawh chuan Phase I an pump nasat chuan Phase II ah tui pump chhuah tur a awm thei mang tawh lo a ni. A chhan bul pui ber chu ram ngaw a lo chereu vang hi a ni (Dr. PC. Lalrohlua, 2021).

6. Boruak a ti bawlhhlawh:
Ram kang hian boruak a ti bawllhlawh nasa ṭhin hle. Khawvel pum huap angin ram kang hi a thleng ngun tulh tulh bawk si a, boruak pawh a chhe tulh tulh a ni. Zirchianna aṭanga a lan danin, kum 2020 a USA a air pollution zawng zawng zatve (50%) lai chu ram kang vang nia chhut a ni. Tunhnaia Orissa te, California leh Australia ram kangte khan mihring tana thawk leh men harsa khawp hialin boruak a tibawllhlawh a ni. Heng boruak bawlhhawh te hian mihring tan chuap cancer te a thlen thei a ni.

Kum 2020 a California ram a kan vak khan Damdawiina 'stroke’ kaihhnawih a in admit chu kum dang aiin zaa 60 laiin an pung a, hei pawh hi ram kangin boruak bawlhhlawh a siam nasat lutuk vang niin a lang (Rudradutt Thaker, 2021). Tin, boruak a lo balhhlawh hian ruah sur dan te, ruah tui thianghlim dan te, boruak lum leh vawh dan thlengin a tibuai ṭhin a, chu chuan climate change te pawh a thlen thei a ni.

7. Climate change/Global warming a thlen:
Ram kang hian lumna thlentu boruak, heng carbon dioxide (CO2) te leh green­house gas chi hrang hrangte a pe chhuak a, chu chuan boruak a lo tilum a, global warming a thlen ta a ni. Kum khat chung leka ram kangin carbon dioxide a pek chhuah hi 2.5 to 4.0 billion ton vel nia chhut a ni a, boruakah greenhouse gas a pung nasa in boruak a ti lum nasa hle a ni (GFRA, 2020). International Energy Agency, Scientist te chuan, tun hnai kum 20 chhung hian ram kang hian kum tin CO2 hi ton billion 8 vel a pe chhuak ziahah an ngai a, chu chu khawvelin CO2 a pek chhuah zawng zawng aṭanga zaa 5-10 vel a ni.

Kum 2017 chhung ringawt khan ram kang vanga khawvelin CO2 a pek chhuah chu ton billion 32.5 a tling a. Chutiang chuan ram a lum viau chuan ram kang thentirtu a lo ni leh thei bawk a, ram kang leh global warming te hi a inkungkaih vek a ni.

United Nations Environment Prog­ramme (UNEP) in a chhut dan chuan, kum zabi 19 naah kha chuan khawvel boruak lumna hi 0.080C velin a pung a, kum zabi 20 naah erawh chuan 0.180C in a lo pung chho a, tun anga khawvel boruak hi a lum chho zel a nih chuan kum 2030 ah chuan 2.70C velin temperature hi a sang chho dawn a ni. Tin, Kum 2030 ah chuan ram ngaw zaa 45-64 hi he climate change hian a nghawng pawi turah an ngai a ni.

Ram kangin ṭhatna a nei ve em?
Ram kang hian kawng ṭhenkhatah chuan ṭangkaina a nei. Thing leh mau ṭhenkhat hian inthlah pun zel nan hal (kangmei) an mamawh ve a, entirnan Zema (Asparagus). Ram kang hian natna hrik a kang hlum thei. Ram kang nasa lutuk lo chuan thing leh mau te tan eitur lei al ṭha a pe ve thei, ram kang hian forest a tuai thar a, ecosystem a tinung thar ṭhin. Ram kang hian boruak chhia CO2 te a kang ral ve thin.
“Fire is a Good Servant, but a Bad Master”

- Dr. Lalrinpuia Vangchhia Asst. Professor Dept. of Geography Govt. Hnahthial College