MIZORAMA TLANGSANGTE (Kan tarlan ṭhinte bihchianna)

Thuhma:

Mizoram hi ram zimte, square kilometer 21087 chauh a ni a, amaherawhchu, 'he ram zimte chhung hi tlangram, tlangdung hniam leh tawi te te leh tlang báwk tak te te hlang awmkhawmna,' tia sawi theih, phai leh hmun zawl chu luipui kam tlem te leh tlang chhip kar tlem azawng chauh awmna a ni. Chutih rualin zirna leh zirbingna lamah te kan ram hi kan la daidar hneh tawk lo hle a, Mizoram tlang sangte pawh hi hun hrang ang leh ziaktute a hrang ang zelin kan ziah dante pawh a inang lo deuh nuai mai ṭhin. Heng hun hrang hranga mi hrang hrang kutchhuak, kan remkhawm dan inang chiah lote bihchiang chungin, pawmdan leh ngaihdan thuhmun kan neih tlan theihna kawng zawng chungin vawiina ziak (record) kan hmuh ṭhinte hi an dik rêng em? tih te, he laiah hian kan tarlang dawn a ni. Sei leh chipchiar (technical) deuha bihchianna hi Geography Association of Mizoram Journal, 'Geographic' Vol.-15 ah ka lo ziak tawh a. Amaherawhchu, heng journal-te hi mipui mimir hmuhphak vek lohte an nih ṭhin avangin, chu'ng zinga a point pawimawh tlem, chhiartute'n kan hriat ve hrim hrim atana ṭha ka tihte han tarlang mai ila.

Survey of India Map & Conventional Signs:

Survey of India kan tih fo hian, Sapho thuhnuaia kan awm lai, kum 1767-ah India-ah hian bul an lo ṭan tawh a. Anni hi ramchhung hmun hrang hrangte teh (survey)-a mumal taka record siamtute niin Science and Technology Department hnuaia peng pawimawh tak pakhat a ni. Tuna kan behchhan pakhat pawh hi an map siam chi hrang hrang zinga pakhat, South Asian Series, 15' Map tia sawi bawk, Scale R.F. – 1:50,000 a siam a ni.

Helai thu hi point hrang deuha dah tel a nihna chhan chu thil ngaih hai palh theih, he lam hria leh zuk zir ve lem lote tana ngaih sual theih thil a awm vang a ni. Survey of India Topographical Map-ah hian hetiang hian hmun hrang hrang san zawng dah leh chhinchhiah an nih dan a ni.

Contour Lines : Rawnguk (brown)-a rin, meter 20 (map hman leh scale azirin a dang thei) a insan hleih zela hmun san zawng inang rinzawma chhinchhiahna.

Bench Mark (B.M) : Hmun bik, Lei (Bridge), Relkawng, In, Lungphun, luipui dung, Thil awmhlun (permanent objects), etc., te tuifinriat zawl aṭanga an san zawng tarlan (mark) na niin, letter (hawrawp) •BM tih ziak zawhah chu hmun san zawng number-in a zui ṭhin.

Triangulation Station/Trogonometrical Stations (Δ) : Hei hi hre chiang lo tan chuan Peak (Tlangchhip chhinchhiahna) symbol anga ngaihtheih a ni awm e. A awmzia takah chuan Surveyer te inbunna (station) niin tlang chhip kher loah pawh hmun dang hmuh chian leh hawi zau theihna lai a remchan anga hman a ni fo. Heta aṭang hian angle (triangulation) lain hmun hrang hrang san zawng record emaw chhinchhiah (mark) niin, Station dang aṭanga lak chhinchhiah (reading) te nen lakhawm (Compile & Combine)-in Final Map buatsaih ṭhin a ni. Heng Triangulation Station te sanzawng erawh hi chu a symbol zuiin a number (meter/feet etc) tarlan zel a ni tlangpui.

Spot Heights (•): Leichung khawi lai pawh Sea Level aṭanga a san zawng chhinchhiahna symbol a ni. Symbol chu chu hmun san zawng number chuan a zui nghal ang.

Relative Height (•r): Hmun awih deuh (luikam ang te) a mawng (bottom) leh lu (top) inkar san zawng/insan hleihna meter a tarlan ṭhinna a ni a, dot (•) leh 'r' inkarah an insan hleihna meter zat tarlan ṭhin a ni

Mizorama Tlang Sangte (Tuna Record):

Record han tih hian Mizorama kan rin ber pakhat chu Directorate of Economics& Statistics, Govt. of Mizoramina kum tina a tih chhuah 'Statistical Handbook of Mizoram' tih hi niin state chhungah chuan rintlak, sawrkar pawmdan, zirna lamah pawh kan rawn ber leh official anga ngaih a ni. Mizorama tlang sang ber ber 10 tarlante chu hengte hi an ni. Heng data-te lakna hnar (source) hi Directorate of Science and Technology nia tarlan a ni bawk.

BIHCHIANNA:
Heng Mizorama tlang sangte hi lehkhabu thenkhat a ziahdan te, Internet site hrang hrang leh ziaka hmuhtheih hmun hrang hrangah te, an san dan indawt (ranking) dah dan te, an san zawng ziak dante inang lo, Statistical Handbook a ziak dan nen pawh inmil chuang lo a awm nualin a lang. Heng Statistical Hand Book leh Mizoram.nic.in a tarlan tawp lamho (top 15 hnu lam) te hi chu Ranking indawt ni lovin ramchhung hmun pawimawh dangte tarlan zuina angin ngai ila a dik thei ang em? Entirnan, Sakawrhmuituai, Buiahmun tlang leh Laipuitlangte chu tlang dung hlawm khat, state pum huapa a hranga dah chi loh, inhnaih te re leh an kara kâwn (pass) hniam tak awm lem loa awm tlar an ni a. Amaherawhchu, chutianga ngai lovin ṭhenkhatte chuan san dan indawt (ranking) angah an lo ngai si niin a lang. Thusawi leh lehkhabu ziak ṭhenkhat (Sawitu/Ziaktu lam chu tarlang lo mai ila) ah te, ‘Reiek tlang hi Mizoram tlangsang 16 na a ni,’ ‘Laipuitlang hi Mizorama Tlangsang 19-na a ni,’ han tihte pawh a awm. Chutih rualin, Tlang sangte san zawng (meter) ziak inang lote hmuh tur a awm zauh zauh bawk. Hengte avang hian chiang zawka zira tarlan hi a pawimawh hle. Tin, heng bakah hian tlang ṭhenkhat, lang phak ve tur ni awm taka lang, a hranga lang lo te, tlang ṭhenkhat, an dinhmun aia sanga lo lang a ngaih theih ta thungte an awm bawk niin a lang. Hlawm hnihin a pawimawhzual chauh lo thlir ila.

1. TLANG SAN ZAWNG DAH DIK LOH NI THEI TE:
Hei hian tlang san dan indawt (Rank) kan dah dan thlenga a ngawng theih avangin chik taka en ngun a ṭha hle. Tlang sangzual 10 zinga 3 te hi tawi te tein lo bihchiang ila.
a) Sur Tlang san zawng: Surtlang hi Sialkal tlangdunga a hmar lam, Hrianghmun khaw bul maia awm a ni a, a tlang san zawng hi Statistical Handbook of Mizoram (2020, p. 189) ah chuan 1967m tia dahin Mizoram tlangsang 3-naah ziah a ni. Survey of India Topographical Map leh Google Map (Terrain) te ngun taka en chuan 1967m hi Sur tlangchhip sang lai ber san zawng ni theiin a lang lo. SOI Toposheet (No. 84 E/5, 1A) ah chuan Sur tlang chhipah hian an san zawng ziah lanna, Spot Height symbol (•) hmun hnihah dah an ni a. Pakhat chu a tlang chhip sang lai ber aṭanga tlaklama pawng sang laiah niin •1967 tia dah a ni a, a dang leh chu a chhip sang lai aṭanga chhuahlam kawn deuh laiah •1981 tia dah a ni thung a, a tlang chhip sang lai berah san zawng erawh dah a ni lo thung. Amaherawhchu, Toposheet a contour line aṭanga en hi chuan, he tlang chhipa contour line sang ber chu meter 2020 line a nih avangin, he tlang san zawng hi meter 2020 aia sang hlek 2021* vel emaw niin a lang. Rintluanga Pachuau – Mizoram, A Study in Comprehensive Geography (p. 30) ah chuan 2018m tia dah a ni a, hei hi a dik teuh viau thei bawk.
b) Zopui tlang san zawng: Zopui Tlang hi Champhai chhimlam Sazep khaw chung maia awm a ni a. A tlang chhip sanzawng hi Spot Height-a dah niin •1992 (meter) tia tarlan a ni (SOI, Toposheet 84 E/8,1A). Tin, he tlang chhip aṭanga Triangulation Station hnai ber chu, a tlangchhip hmarlam, a chhip phir hniam zawk Dil Zopui, 1962m-a sang a ni (SOI, Toposheet 84 E/7, 3A). Hetih lai hian Mizorama Statistical Handbook, kum hrang hrang chhuak leh lehkhabu hrang hrangte han en hian Zopui Tlang san zawng hi 1850m-a dah deuh vek niin Mizoram tlangsang 9-naah dah ṭhin a ni tlangpui. Zopuitlang dung chhimlama inkhawh phei hla lo tak, Vangchhe Tlang tia hriatah hian hemi sanzawng 1850m tih chiang taka lang hi tun hma aṭanga lo lachhawngin kan inring chho zel em ni ang tiin a ngaih theih awm e. A san zawng dik tak anga kan dah dik chuan Mizoram tlang sandan indawt pawh a khawih danglam dawrh thei awm e.
c) Ṭawi tlang san zawng: Ṭawi tlang sanzawng hi Mizoram Statistical Handbook hrang hrangte enin, Ṭawizo 1837 m tiin a indah tlangpui. Hei hi Ṭawizo tlangchhip Ṭawizo khaw bula mi zawk lak a ni. Survey of India Toposheet No. 8A/14, 3C ah chuan Ṭawizo san zawng hi, Tawi Tlang Δ 1837 tiin chiang takin a lang a, mahse he tlang chhip hi Ṭawi tlanga a sang lai ber ni loin a lang. Ṭawitlang chhip sang lai ber chu he tlang chhimlamah hian la invawr sang lehzualin Ṭawi Tlang Δ 1889 tiin (Maite khaw bul) chiang taka hmuh theihin a awm a ni (SOI Toposheet No. 8A/14, 3C Chhimchhak kil). Ṭawi tlang san zawng hi lehkhabu ṭhenkhatahte chuan a sang lai ber anga dah dik a ni thung.

2. TLANGSANG TARLAN NGAI LOHTE:
Mizoramah hian tlang chhip sang ve tak tak, an hming erawh kan hriat lar vak lem loh leh tarlan ni ve fo lote tam tak an awm a. Heng zinga ṭhenkhatte hi chu tarlan rem lem lo, tlangdung emaw, tlang hlawm lian taka awm, a tlang hming koh sang lai ber hming chauh tarlan ṭhinte an ni.
Amaherawhchu, tlang ṭhenkhat, an bul hnaia tlang sang zawk dang awm ni lem lo, anmahni awmna hmun leh tlangdung (range) a sang lai ber ni ve si emaw, an aia sang hming putu chu hla deuh leh an inkarah pawh kâwn (pass/saddle) emaw, luiruam hniam takin a daidan si te, an hming Mizoram tlang sangte tarlannaa lang ve ngai lem lo, an aia hniam zawka langte tarlan ni fo site an awmin a lang. Heng zinga ṭhenkhatte hi chu a chang chuan lehkhabu ṭhenkhatah leh Zirlaibuahte chuan lo ziahlante pawh a ni ve tawh ṭhin. Chutiang awm angte chu lo en chiang ila, amaherawhchu tlang hrang anga chhiar theih an nih dan te, an bulhnaia tlang dangte nen an inkar hlat lam leh kawn leh ruam hniam lam zawng zawng erawh he paper tawi teah hian tarlan vek sen a nih loh avangin an awmna leh san zawngte tarlang mai ila:
a) Sanghe Tlang: He tlang hi Phawngpui tlangdung kal zel chhimlam, Siata khaw bula awm a ni a. Meter 2022 (SOI Toposheet No.84 F/3, 2B) laia sang a ni. Phawngpui tlangdung anga chhiarin a hrana tarlan loh a ni thei. Amaherawhchu, Phawngpui tlangchhip nen an inhlatin an karah kawn leh ruam tam tak a tla a, a aia inhnaih daih zawk leh an inkar kawn (pass/saddle) pawh sang zawk, Sialkal tlangdungah a sang ber lai Lengteng bakah a tlangdung zawm, hla lutuk lova awm Surtlang kan tarlang tel a nih chuan, Phawngpui tlangdungah pawh Chhimlam thlur hrang hranga tlang sangho (Mawma, Kahri, etc) zinga a sang lai ber, Sanghe tlang hi tarlan tel ve awm ṭhin tak a ni.
b) Lungreng Tlang: Lungreng tlang hi Hrangturzo tlang chhimlam hnai te, Lungkawlh khaw bula awm a ni a. He tlang hi Hrangturzo nen an chhip inhlat zawng hi boruaka tehin 5.75 km chauh a ni. SOI Toposheet No. 84 E/4 ah an awm a, Purun Tlang (1758m) chu an thlang lawkah awmin an pathum hian lungthu ang deuhin an ding thiang hlawm a ni.
Mizoram tlangsangte hming ziahtlarah Hrangturzo hi 8-naah dah ṭhin niin 1854m (Statistical Handbook 2020) anga tarlan a ni a, SOI Toposheet lamah pawh a san zawng hi Δ 1854 tia dah a ni bawk. Amaherawhchu, hemi tlang chhimlam hnai tea Lungrengtlang, a san zawng • 1863 meter anga tarlan (Survey of India Toposheet No. 84 E/4, 3A) hi, kan tarlang ngai miah lo thung hi eng vang nge ni ang le? A teh hunlaia Surveyer-ten Hrangturzo tlang hi Triangulation Station-a an hman avang hian he Δ symbol hi hmu langsarin a bul hnai maia mi, Spot Height symbol (•) nena a san zawng dah hi kan hmuh hmaih/hrethiam lo a ni thei. Tlangdung inzawm, inhlat lutuk lo a ni a, ziahlan kawp a rem lo kan ti a nih pawhin a sang zawk hi tarlan tur ni awm tak a ni.
c) Artlang: Ar tlang hi Khawzawl chhimlam, Chawngtlai khaw bula awm a ni. A san zawng hi meter 1783 (SOI Toposheet No.84 E/3, 1C) anga tarlan a ni.
d) Lenhlingtlang: Phuaibuang khaw hmarlam a awm a ni a, meter 1717 (SOI Toposheet No. 84 E/1, 1B) a sang a ni. Mizoram chhung, Tuivai luiin a luan hual chhunga sang ber a ni.
e) Ngurzotlang: Mizoram khawchhak lam, Champhai khawpui hmarlam Ngur khaw bula awm a ni a. A san zawng hi meter 1895 (SOI Toposheet No. 84 E/6, 3C) lai a ni.
f) Khawbung Tlang: Tlang sang tak ni lo mah se, mahnia mal din anga ngaih ve theih, Champhai hmarlama tlang hi Tuipuiin a luan kual chhunga awm a ni a, meter 1703 (SOI Toposheet No. 84 E/6, 3A) laia sang a ni.
g) Khawhai Tlang: Tuipui leh Tuichang inkar Tlangdung, Khawhai khaw hmarlama tlang, Khawhai Tlang hi meter 1592 (SOI Toposheet No. 84 E/3, 2B) a sang a ni.
h) Ngaizawl Tlang: Ngaizawl Tlang hi Khawzawl chhaklam, Tuipui nen a inkara awm a ni a, meter 1870 (SOI Toposheet No. 84 E/6 3C) a sang a ni.
i) Kellutar Tlang: He tlang hi Champhai hmarlam, Myanmar ramri tlangdung hrang (Diltlang bul) a awm a ni a, meter 1796 (SOI Toposheet No. 84 E/6, 2B) a sang a ni.
j) Diarkhai Tlang : He tlang hi Chiahpui khaw bul, Ngopa tlangdung hmarlam, Tuivai leh Tuila lui karcheh a awm a ni a, meter 1551 (SOI Toposheet No. 83 H/4, 3C) a sang a ni.

Tlangkawmna:
A tawp berah chuan, hetianga Mizoram zim te chhunga tlang sangte hming leh an san zawng, zirlaibu leh lehkhabu hrang hrang, Internet site hrang hrang leh Sawrkar lam hand book te thlenga a inang lo nuaih hi chu, dik leh inang tlang taka ziak leh hman tlan a nih theih nan, Mizoram chhunga tlangte, tlangdung kal dan, kawn (pass/saddle)-in a tan dan, lui leh kawrpuiin a daidan dante leh an inkar hlat dante ngun taka zirchiangin, a khawi chin hi nge tlang hrang anga tarlan tur tih thlengin, mimal ngaihdan mai ni lova official taka mawhphurtu insiamin emaw, department lamin emaw, a hmun ngeia (field observation) endik a ṭul a nih pawha kal chilhin, thutlukna mumal tak siama hmalak theih ni se a va duhawm em. Kan ram zim te a, Luipuite sei zawng kan tarlan dante pawh hi, inang lo nuai te, lang awm tak lang lo te, record leh report hrang hrangte bihchian chuan a awm thei awm e.

- V.Lalnunmawia Department of Geography, GANC