SUM PEIPUNAH BUMIN AWM SUH - PART-I STOCK MARKET INVESTMENT

Tun ṭumah chuan stock market investment hmanga sum peipun dan kan ziak dawn a ni. Stock market hmanga sum peipun hi mahni inchhung lum aṭanga duhtawka sum peipun theihna niin, smart phone pangngai tak neih chuan a tihtheih vek a ni. Stock market anga sum peipunna thiltithei hi khawvelah a awm lo ti ila kan sawi sual awmlo ve. Sum tlem te pawh nuaih tam takah a chang thei a. Khawvela sumdawnna ṭhangduang leh nghet ber ber te zar kan zo theihna kawng ṭha ber a ni.

Stock market chu eng nge a nih?
Stock market chu Company share lei leh hralhna hmun a ni a. He hmunah hian share maktaduai tam tak second tin lei leh hralh reng a ni. Stock bakah hian Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs), bonds options adt. te lei leh hralhna hmunpui a ni nghal bawk. Hnathawh ni (Monday–Friday, holiday tiamlovin) ni tin zing dar 9:15 ah hawn niin, tlai dar 3:30-ah khar ṭhin a ni.

Ram changkangho tihdan zulzuiin India-ah pawh pension leh stock market hi inzawmtir a ni tawh a. Pension dan thar (New Pension Scheme) pawh hi stock market a innghat a ni. Kum upat dan azirin Pension Fund Regulatory Authority chuan sorkar hnathawk tan an pension fund 50% lai mai stock/equity class ah dah rawn phalin, Corporate-a thawkte tan phei chuan 75% thleng phal a ni tawh. Mizoramah chuan hei hi sorkar NPS hmangte'n kan la tithei chiah lo va, kan tihtheih thuai beisei a ni.

Internet-ah han lut la, pawisa lam han thlir kual mah teh. Stock market, crypto, trading etc. chungchang fakna a lo lang tuarh maithei a ni. Heng fakna tam ber hi chu inbumna leh thudik chanve kalpuitute an ni a; hlawk thut theihna an tiam tlangpui bawk. Hetiangho hi inbumtir miah loh tur a ni a. Hriatchian hma phei chuan pawisa thawn reng reng loh tur a ni.

Stock market investment-a inbumna tam ber chu trading hi a ni awm e, sawi a nuam deuh zawk nge ni, investment pangngai aiin a lar zawk ta tlat mai a. Amaherawhchu, trading hi thil awlai a ni lo va, zirchian fe phawt loh chuan tih mai mai chi a ni lo. Trading chu stock emaw instrument dang emaw hmanga inchawina a ni deuh ber a. Lehlam an chak chuan lehlam an chak loh a ngai a ni. Hetiang lama mithiam leh sumdawn nana hmang Nithin Kamath, CEO, Zerodha, Stock Broking Company neitu pawhin trading ti ṭhin 99% zet maiin pawisa an hloh thu a sawi tawp mai a ni. Trading har zia heta ṭang hian a lang chiang awm e. Hetiang a nih avang hian trading lam hi chu kan sawi vak dawn lo va, ka pu sanghal hriama tui hi chu a dâwt ngam, tuang chhah deuhte tih atan kan dah ṭha ang.

Mizoramah hian sorkar hnathawk hi en rawn deuh an nih vang nge ni, a mi nawlpui hian sum lakluh danah a ngai pet peta thil kal hi kan hmuh leh hriat ṭhan a nih avangin stock market kalphung hi hriatthiam har kan ti deuh ṭhin niin a lang a. Kum tina hlawh pung hret hret, a graph pawh a chhoh awn zawng deuha ngil taka kal hi kan mitthlaah a lang nasa niin a hriat. Stock market a luh tum tan chuan hei hi kan awmna khawvel nihphung a ni lo va, siamchawp a ni tih hi hriatthiam a pawimawh em em a ni.

Stock market-ah chuan 'share price' reng reng a leitu leh a hralhtu inremna ang zelin second tin a danglam reng a ni. Hetiang a nih avang hian hlauhawm deuhin lang ṭhin mah se hlauh tur a ni lo va, a chhan chu a leitu duhdan ang zela thil a kal avangin i fin thiam chuan i hlawkna a nasa ting mai dawn a ni. Stock market chuan zing thawh fuh loh a pe na em em a, a thawh fuh ṭum lahin a hlim uchuak leh bawk si a; chuvangin nangmah kha i men kar a ngai ta a ni. Hetiang kan sawi rual hian a phena Company awm kha chu a kal ngaiin a kal reng a, a share price kha danglam sek mah se, khua a lo rei chuan a Company ṭhan dan leh a share price pun chhoh dan kha a inzawm nghet tlat a ni tih hi hriat reng thung tur a ni.

Share price chu eng nge?
Company hlut zawng cake anga hmun tam taka chan sawm hnua hrang khat ang a ni a. Share price to dan teh dawn pawhin a cheng zat lam en lo vin, Company pumpui hlutna leh tuna a man zat kha chhût zawk tur a ni. Company pakhat share man Rs. 1000 kha Company dang pakhat Rs. 500 man aiin a to ta ani lem lo tihna a nih chu. Share awm zawng zawng kha share khat man nena puntir a, a Company pumpui hlutna chhût zawk ṭhin tur a ni.

Stock market ah chuan thil man inbithiahsaktu, 'Thil i zuar to lutuk' tia vautu an awm ve loh avangin second tin share price hlutna hi a danglam reng a. Hetiang a nih avangin share price hi a to uchuak chang leh a hniam vak chang a awm ṭhin a ni. Zalen takin a man hi a kal reng tihna a nih chu, chutah chuan investor-ten hlawkna an lo neih phah ta ṭhin a ni. Hetiang a nih avang hian share pakhat lek lei tur tan pawh Company kharchhawng tur anga indahin, a pawisa thawhchhuah leh a share price a inmil em tih en ṭhin tur a ni. Hei bakah hian an leiba neih zat leh an ṭhan chak dan en tel ngei ngei tur a ni.

Stock market-ah chuan eng ti anga sum peipun tur nge?
Investment (sum peipun) ti tur chuan broker kaltlangin demat account hawn tur a ni a. Broker-ah hian full brokerage leh discount broker an awm a, full brokerage hi an fee a to deuh hlek a, service an pe hnem deuh thung.

Tum mumal neiin investment hi kalpui tur a ni. Investment hi tum mumal tak leh tuma chiang rànin kan luhchilh tur a ni a. Eng ti anga rei nge dah kan duh a, eng atan nge kan dah duh tih kan chiang tur tihna a nih chu. Pension fund atan nge kan duh a, nasa taka pawisa peipung turin risk kan la dawn tih kan chiang hmasa tur a ni. Stock-a pawisa dah tur chuan a lo berah kum 3 tal dah tlin tur a ni. Rei lo lutuk dah tur chuan share price fâwn satliah avangin pawisa a chân theih avangin 'fixed instrument' lamah dah a fuh zawk ang.

Individual stock retail investment:
Hetah hi chuan Company malah mutual fund-te ang ni loin i sum i peipung dawn tihna a ni a. Company hriatchian, an product pawh kan hriatchian leh management-a mi rintlak leh mi hlemhle lo thawhna Company an ṭha tlangpui. Company hi pakhat chauh thlan a him ber lo a, kan hriatchian Company sawm vel bawra pawisa peipun hi a fuh tlangpui niin a lang. Kan pawisa neih zawng zawng company pakhata dahluh vek hi a him ber lo thei.

Index investing:
Index hi India ah chuan Sensex 30 leh Nifty 50 hi a lâr deuh a, hei lo pawh hi Bank Nifty, Metal Nifty leh adt. a la awm nual a ni. Index awmzia chu stock market pumpui hlimthla tilang thei tur Company lianzual lakkhawm, bawm khata an len dan nena teh a, patla-a khai tihna a ni. Indian economy thlirlawkna chi khat 'barometer' ang deuha ngaih theih a ni bawk. Index fund-ah hian pawisa kum rei deuh hlek i dah chuan Indian economy ṭhan dan nen i sum punna chuan inzawmna thuk tak a nei ve dawn tihna a ni ber. Company mal zirchiang hman lo emaw thiam lo tan chuan index fund hi a ṭha phian a, India ah chuan 'fixed instrument' ho ai chuan a thar hnem zawk tlangpui. Index fund-a pawisa dah tur chuan inzir viau hranpa a ngai lo va, stock market hniam hret laia thla tin emaw thla hnih danah emaw lo lei belh keuh keuh mai khan index return percent aia sang i hlawh mai dawn a ni. Tin, Sensex 30 leh Nifty 50 nilo sector bila invest tur chuan a industry cycle kha hriat tum ila return ṭha lehzual hmuh nan a ṭangkai viau.

Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs):
ETF hi mutual fund-te nen inanna tam tak an nei a. Company chi hrang hrang bâwm khata khungkhawm ve tho an ni a. Mutual Fund nen a danglamna chu ETF hi market-ah a trade theih a ni. Share price angin a man a danglam ve reng tihna a nih chu. A hlutna innghahna chu an bâwm siam chhunga Company-ho tho kha a ni a, amaherawhchu a hranpaa trade ve a nih avangin a hlutna chuan a chhunga Company hlutna belhkhawm average a tlansan ve zauh zauh thei dawn tihna a ni.

IPO investment:
Initial Public Offering hi chu Company share kha mipui nâwlpui tana lei theiha an rawn chhawpchhuah hmasak ber ṭum sawina a ni. Share price kaldan thlir let tur a awm ve lo a, Financial Statement erawh investor te tana thlir theih turin an rawn chhawpchhuak ṭhin thung. IPO chang ve duh tan chuan demat account kaltlangin subscription an hawn laia lo subscribe ve tur a ni a, share chan tam dan erawh chu vanneihna leh subscribe-tu tam danah a innghat a ni. IPO hi company din tirh laia investor-te'n hlawkna an hmuh ve theihna hun a ni a, chuvangin valuation lamah an rawn duhâm ve thei tih hriat tur a ni. Chîk taka a company nihphung zir hmasak a ṭha. Chutih rualin stock market-a listing a rawn luh lai hian investor nâwlpui hi an phur ve ṭhin a, hei vang hian hlawkna 'listing gain' an tih hi a awm fo ṭhin. He hlawkna beisei avanga rei tak atan ni lova IPO chan tum ve hrim hrim pawh a sual lo maithei e.

A tawp nan stock market hi a hlauhawm loh a, mi thianghlim lawr a thlen hma chu a kal zel anga, a ṭhanglian zel dawn a ni. Entrepreneur-te'n an sumdawnna a lo hlawhtlin deuh hnua an Company a lo ṭhanlen zel theih nana sum tuakna hmun pawimawh ber a nih avangin ram economy innghahna pawimawh ber pakhat a ni bawk. Market crash hi thil awm ṭhin ni mahse naupang tlu a lo thochhuak leh ngei ngei ṭhin a ni. A crash lai hi hun rangkachak a ni zawk a, stock share lei hun lai tak zawk a ni. Indopui te, tui lian te, lirgnghing te, hri leng te leh ṭam te tla ṭhin mah se, stock market chuan saipui kal ang maiin hmalam a pan ngulh ngulh reng a, chuvangin lo hman ṭangkai ve mai hi kan tih theih a ni. Share i lei chiah khan mi hausa Ambani te ho khu i sumdawnna enkawltu an lo ni ta tihna a ni a, i hausak loh hlauin an phe buai em em reng tawh mai dawn a ni.

Lalhruaizela Fanai,
Mizoram Finance & Accounts Service,
Post Graduate Diploma in Management (Financial Management)