Entrepreneurs-te tana Dahkham leh Guarantor ngai loa loan lak theihna-CGTMSE (Mipui lam aṭanga thlirna)

Bank a loan la tur hian thil pawimawh tak neih a ngai ṭhin, chung zinga mi chu dahkham (mortgage) leh loan lak kan rulh theih loh thut pawha min rulh saktu tur (guarantor) te an ni. Hemi pahnih pawh hi mi harsate tan chuan loan lak tluk zetin hmuh a harsa.

Sumdawnna bul ṭan tur hian sumlu (Financial capital) neih a pawimawh ber kan ti thei ang. Remhriatna leh themthiamna nei ringawt mah ila, a taka chantir tur chuan sum kan mamawh a, bulṭanna tur sum tam tham deuh chu bank loan kaltlang lo chuan hmuh mai a harsa bawk si.

Tun ṭumah hian sumdawng/mahnia eizawnna tan (Entrepre­neurs) tuten dahkham leh gua­rantor ngai loa loan lak theihna, Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises (CGTMSE) chungchang kan sawi dawn a, he lam hre chiang zawkte cho chhuah nan pawh a lo tangkai mial takin.

Enge CGTMSE chu?
He scheme hi kum 2000 ah Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME), Govt. of India leh SIDBI-in a din a. He scheme-in a tum ber chu MSME (Micor - Vbch. 1 chin sumdawnna. Small - Vbch. 10 chin sumdawnna & Medium - Vbch. 20 chin sumdawnna) hnuaia loan diltu, dahkham leh guarantor nei ve si loten harsatna awm loa eizawnna/ sumdawnna bul an ṭan theihna tura bank te hnenah he scheme kaltlanga guarantee lo pek hi a ni. A bik takin khawpui leh thingtlanga bank loan la ve thei lo (un-server/ under-served) te ngaih pawimawh an ni a. He scheme hian commercial bank te bakah Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) leh Small Finance Bank te pawh a huam a ni.

CGTMSE hnuaiah hian cheng nuai 200 thleng mortgage leh guarantor ngai loin Bank ten MSME hnuaiah loan pek theih a ni a. He scheme a inziak lut, Member Lending Institution (MLIs) te chuan loan an pe thei a ni. An loan pek scheme entirnan - MUDRA loan, Stand Up India loan a zirin in kaihhruaina chu a dang hlek thei a, RBI pawhin scheme bik atana buatsaih Master Circular pawh a hranpa a siam ṭhin.

CGTMSE hian MLIs tan a gua­rantor Fee hi bithliah felfai tak awmin bank lam mawhphurhna a ni a. Mipui lamin kan lo hriat ve a pawimawh lem lo. Fee a zirin Loan chhia (NPA) an neih thulha bank-in an claim theih zat leh claim dan a awm. Entirnan; Micro-enterprise hnuai a nih a, cheng nuai 5 chinah chuan zaa 85 thleng hmuh let theih a ni.

Member Lending Institutions (MLIs)-tute nge?
CGTMSE Annual Report 2019-20 in a tarlan dan chuan Public Sector Bank - 19, Regional Rural Bank - 38, Non-banking Financial Companies - 27 te hi a langsar zual an ni. Anni bakah hian private bank leh NBFC, SFDs te pawh an awm nual. Mizorama kan Bank dawr nasat berte pawh an tel tihna a ni.

He report-in a tarlan danin Mizo­ramah kum 2019-2020 FY chhung hian MSME 473 lai guarantee pek an ni a, he ta a pawisa hlut zawng chu cheng Vbch. 29.09 a ni.

Case Study
Tun hnaiah central aṭanga Covid-19 in an eizawnna a nghawng nat ber pakhat - kawtthlera thil zuar (street vendors) te tana loan tenau (micro-credit) an siam - PM SVANidhi zirchianna tenau neih a ni a. He loan hi Rs. 10,000 niin guarantor a ngai lo. Zirchianna aṭanga a landan chuan District 6 aṭanga Loan latu zaa 97.5 lai te chuan bank lamin guarantor an phut lo tih an sawi. Hei hi thil lawmawm tak a ni.

PM SVANidhi scheme hnuai a loan late guarantor/ dahkham kan phut lo ang bawk hian, kan ṭhalai eizawnna bul ṭan thar tur (start up entrepreneurs) te hnenah bank lamten an ruahmanna a ṭhat tawk leh tawk loh (project viability) a zirin loan tam zawk pe chhuak zel ila. Kan ṭhalaite leh ram hmasawnna tur pawimawh tak a ni bawk ang. Meeting lian tham State Level Bankers Committee leh District Level bankers committee ah te pawh CGTMSE chungchang hi Meeting agenda-ah telh ṭhin ila, tun ai chuan MSME hnuaiah loan pekchhuah a tam ngei a rinawm.

Mizorama bank-te CD Ratio a hniam em?
Hemi chungchangah hian Mizoram a bank-ten mipui sum an dawn (deposit) aṭanga mipui hnena loan an pekchhuah zat (Credit-Deposit Ratio) dinhmun tlem lo thlir ila.

Kumin March ni 31 (FY 2020-21) thlenga Bank hrang hrangte loan pek dan chu Public Sector Bank 12 te CD Ratio - 39.25%, Private Bank 10 te CD Ratio - 32.48%, Mizoram Rural Bank CD Ratio - 49.41% leh Mizoram Cooperative Apex Bank te CD Ratio - 61.46 % a ni. RBI-in benchmark a siam hi zaa 60 tal niin ka hria a. RBI benchmark aṭanga teh mai pawh hian bank te loan pekchhuah hniam dan hi kan hmu thei ang.

Tlipna
Indira Gandhi-in kum 1969 a mimal bank lian 14 te sawrkarin a laksak (nationalized) tak chhan July ni 29 a Lok Sabha-a a sawi dan chu chak zawka loneihna lamin hma a sawn theih nan te, thilsiamna tenau leh thawnchhuah lam hmasawn nan te, entrepreneurs te hmasawn nan leh ram hnufual zawk (backward areas) ten hma an sawn ve theihna tur a ni tih a sawi.

Bank nationalization a nih aṭanga kum 50 hnu pawh hian loneihna, ranvulh, MSME adt lama loan kan pek chhuahah hma­sawnna tur kan la ngah hle niin a lang.

Dr. Daniel Lalawmpuia, Assistant Professor, PUC