Mizo Saphun Danphung leh Tribal chanvo

Tun hnaiah kan Mizo Hnam Dan (Customary Law) hnuaia Saphun Danphung leh Indian Constitution, Sixth Schedule hnuaia Tribal Status kan nihna hi sawi lan a awm ṭhin a, fa neih chungchangah a mipa zawk Mizo a nih loh chuan an fate khan Tribal nihna a nei thei lo tiin ṭhenkhat chuan an sawi ṭhin. Kan NGO ṭhenkhat pawh hian hetiang hawi zawng hian thuchhuah an nei ta zeuh zeuh bawk. 

Tun hnai MLA Election-a kan candidate ṭhenkhat te ngèi pawh khan helam hawi hian boruak an lo nei kha a ni a. An hringtu nu Mizo (Tribal), an pianna pa erawh Mizo ni lo, Tribal pawh ni lo, Indian leh tuipui ral mingo thlah te he kan ram chhungah hian an kat nuk tawh a ni. Hnamdang pasal neih chungchang thlengin Tribal-te hamṭhatna an chhawrbawk theih loh thu te kan NGO te hian an tlangau pui ṭhin. Amaherawhchu, kan hriat angin tun hnaiah pawh hetianga mipa zawk Tribal ni ve lo te hian kan ramah hian Tribal Certificate leh Residential Certificate an neih thlap vangin Student Scholarship thlengin Tribal te chanvo ang an chang ve thei tlat si! Eng lai hi nge dik lo chu ni ta? 

Saphun Danphung: Mizoten Saphun kan tih hi kan Mizo Hnam Dan Bung 5-na, Chang 92 to 95-na ah a awm a, a ngai ngaiin han pho lang mai ila. 

Saphun: Hmanlaiin Mizo zingah hnam hrang hrangin ‘Sa’ biak dan an nei hrang vek a. Miin a hnam kalsan a, hnam dang sa biak zawm tur leh an hnam vuan tura a va intulut hi ‘Saphun’ a ni. Chutiang mi dang ‘Sa’ chu a va be ve ta a, hnam nihna pawh a vuan tel nghal tihna a ni. Saphun dan chi hrang hrang a awm a, fahrah nih vangin chhungkhat laina belh tur mumal nei loten hnam dang Sa an phun ṭhin. Laina siam nan khual lam hlaa awmten laina hnaivai an neih lohna hmunah awmhmun bengbelin khawsa sela, laina bul hnai siam nan hnam dang Sa an phun ṭhin. Chak loh zawk vangin, Indonaa sala mante leh dinhmun chhiat vanga mi chak leh thiltithei zawk hnena intulutte chuan a lo rei hnuah an awmna hmuna an va belh te Sa an phun ṭhin. Fa dam thei loten fa an dam theih nan hnam dang Sa an phun ve bawk ṭhin. 

Chang 93 hian Saphun Dan a sawi leh a. Mi tu pawhin mi dang Sa a phun dawn chuan Sa phuntu leh a phunna tur remtih tawnna a ngai a, chutiang a remtih tawnna an neih chuan hriatpuitu awm laiin an puang chhuak a, Saphun an tipuitling ṭhin. Saphunte dinhmun chu, tu pawhin midang Sa a phun chuan, a phunna chhungkuate chi leh kuang nihna a lo nei ve a a ni. Saphun hi a tu lam lam pawhin an tichat leh thei a ni. Ngun taka kan pi leh puten Sa an lo phun dan han thlir hi chuan Tribal Status kan nihna leh Saphun hian inzawmna thuk tak chu a neih hmel lo. Sa an lo phun dan chi hrang hrang han thlir hian chi leh kuang inkungkaihna lam a hawi a ni mai a. Amaherawhchu, tun ang khawvelah chuan kan sakhuana te a lo danglam tawh a, Kristian, Hindu, Muslim, Bhudist te kan nih tawh lai hian kan Mizo piputen Sa an lo biak ṭhin ang kha kan be tawh lo a, bawlhlo hmanga chhamtu Sadâwt leh Bàwlpû te kan awm tawh hek lo. Chuvangin, kan Mizo Hnam Dan hnuaia Saphun hi tun hnuah hian tute nge la practice chhunzawm ṭhin tih hi zawhna lian tak a ni ngei ang. 

Tribal-te hamṭhatna: Mizo kan nihnaah hian kan ram chhungah bik pawh hamṭhatna kan nei nual. Mizo hnam dan kaihhnawiha dan siam tharlam ber Mizo Marriage, Divorce and Inheritance of Property Act, 2014 hi Mizo (Tribal) tan bik liau liau hman theih a ni a. Nupaah pawh a mipa zawk Mizo, a nupui hnamdang chuan a hmang thei a, mipa zawk hnamdang a nih erawh chuan a hmang thei lo thung. Mizoram Court Fee Act hnuaiah Tribal te tan hian hamṭhatna a awm bawk. Mizoram Land Revenue Act, 2013 hnuaiah pawh Tribal te tan chauh ram neih theih a ni a, hralhchhawn, inthleng, inrochun leh transfer chungchangah pawh sorkar phalna neih hmasak loh chuan chanvo engmah Non-Tribal te hian an nei ve thei lo a ni. Tribal Scholarship te, Sorkar hna Recruitment chungchangah te leh kawng tam takah Tribal status hi a ṭhat em vang hian kan ram chhunga hnamdang ṭhenkhat pawh hian min lo chuhpui ve reng a ni tih kan hre awm e. 

Kan MLA Constituency bial 40 zinga bial 39 hi Tribal te chanvo a ni a, Aizawl East-I Constituency chiah hi Tribal ni ve lo, General te din theihna kan neih ve chhun a ni. Chuvangin, kan ramah hian Tribal te chanvo leh hamṭhatna hi a sân em vangin kan NGO te thîkthu pawh hi a chhe tâk mai a, hnamdang ṭhenkhat thiltithei deuhten kan chanvo min lo chuhpui ve cháng te hian pressure an pe na ṭhin hle a ni. Amaherawhchu, kan rorel kalphung hi a felfai tawk em tih hi ngaihtuah ngai tak a ni. Kan ramah hian kan nulaten hnamdang pasalah neiin an inbenbel pui nak tawh a, an thlahte hnenah kan hotuten Tribal Certificate an issue ta ṭhin a. Tribal Certificate an neih miau si chuan a lèr lama lo ṭhuai bun mai theih a ni si lo hi kan buaina chu a ni ta a ni. Thuneituten Tribal title an lo pek miau si chuan NGO tan lo danbeh ngawt chu lungbang sut ang hlauh a ni si. 

Court thuthlukna ṭhenkhat: Keini Mizote chauh hi hnam thisen leh Tribal Status chung changa buai kan ni bik hauh lo mai. Kan ṭhenawm Arunchal Pradesh te leh Central India lama Tribal ho te khuan kan buaina ang hi an lo tawk reng ṭhin a, rorelna sáng ber Supreme Court hial te an lo thleng zak zak tawh zawk a ni. Case pakhat - Tsewang Dorjee & Others Vrs State of Arunachal Pradesh & Others (2013) 3 GLT 919 ah chuan naupangte pa chu Bhutan aṭanga Arunchal Pradesh-a pém lut, a nupui erawh Arunachali Tribal hnam pakhat Monpa Tribal hnam an ni a, Dirang khuaa khawsa an ni. Tichuan, an fate hnenah chuan sorkarin Tribal Certificate a lo pechhuak a, mah se NGO te pressure vangin Board chuan a dik lo tiin a cancel leh a ni. Tichuan, Petitioner hian Gauhati High Court-ah appeal lehin Court chuan thuneitu te’n naupang Tribal Certificate an cancel sak dan chu a dik lo tiin cancel order chu a ṭhiat leh ta a ni. 

Hetah hian thil pawimawh tak a awm. Supreme Court Division Bench chuan hetiang kaihhnawihah hian kum 1994 daih tawh khan Direction a lo siam diam tawh a ni. Kumari Madhuri Patila And Another Vs. Addl. Commissioner, Tribal Development And Others AIR 1995 SC 94 ah chuan Social Status/Tribal Certificate pekchhuah chungchanga dan phung zawm tur a lo duang thlap tawh a ni. Hetah hian Deputy Commissioner emaw, Revenue Sub-Divisional Officer hnena application thehluh tur a nih thu te, candidates emaw, an nu leh pa, guardian ten affidavit nen thlap Tribal an nihna an thehluh te a ngai bawk. 

Hei bakah hian State tinin officer pathum awmna Committee a din a ngai a, chu’ng officer te chu; (i) Additional or Joint Secretary or any officer higher in rank of the Director of the department concerned, (ii) Director, Social Welfare/ Tribal Welfare/ Backward Class Welfare, (iii) Scheduled Castes Certificate pekchhuah chungchanga dàihriat lo nei tawh te hi committee-a officer tur te chu an ni. Hei bakah hian direction hi a awm nual a, duhtawk mai ila. Kan state-ah hian he Supreme Court guidelines hi zawm a ni em? Nge a dil apiang te hnenah certificate hi kan pe chhuak pawp pawp mai em ni? Ho lam taka kan kalpui ṭhin vang nge tunah pawh buaina kan tawk chho ta malh malh mai. 

Kan kalphung, kan hnam leh culture hi kum tel hian a dal tial tial ni berin a lang. Tribal Status leh Mizo Hnam Dana Saphun Danphung chungchangah pawh chinfel har tak tak buaina kan la tawk dawn chauh niin a lang a. Hemi chungchangah hi chuan kan ram dan rorelna in engtin nge ro a lo rel tawh tih te kan thlir thiam a ngai a, dan hmang vêkin engtin nge kan hnam leh nihna dik tak hi kan vawn nun ang a, hnamdang ten kan chanvo min lo chuhpui theih lohna turin engtin nge sedái kan lo theu lawk ang tih te kan ngaihtuah a ngai. 

Tunah pawh kan chángrèl mumal loh vang leh kan inthlahdah vangin kan sedái an lo su ṭhiat chu a nih mek hi. Kan thuneitute pawhin ram leh hnam rilru pu a ke an pên a ngai takzet e.