THU BUAI HLA BUAI REMNA LAMTLUANG: IN THE COURT OF... vs OFFICE OF...

Tun ṭum chu dan zirna lam hawi i'n hâwl thung teh ang; thui lutuk dawn avangin a tawi thei ang bera ziah ka'n tum ang a, la duh kawp lo deuh kan awm chuan MLC alumni - Civil Judge emaw Ukil emaw lam aṭangin tu emaw berin rawn thuam belh mai se a ṭha ang e. 

Mizorama dan rorelna inrèlbàwl dan hi kum 2008 hma, State Sawrkar hnuaia Court awm lai leh a hnu, High Court thu hnuaia Court an awm tak hunah hian a ṭhen theih a. Kawng danga sawi chuan, ram hmasawnna lam (developmental works) awp hna, ti mai ila, a Sap ṭawng chuan Executive leh, 'thu buai-hla buai remna' Court ṭhen hran (Separation of Judiciary from executive) awm hma leh awm hnu tihna a ni bawk. Separation of judiciary ('SoJ' tiin sawi zel ta mai ila) hi ram danpui Article 50-nain tih ngei tura a lo sawi a ni rêng a. A tawi zawngin han sawi mawlh mawlh ta mai ila. 

SoJ awm hma chuan Deputy Commi­ssioner/ District Collector/ District Magistrate hian Civil leh Criminal thu buai hla buai an lo khel ṭhinin thutlukna thlengin an siam thei a; hetiang hi, "Mahni thu buaiah mahni vëk thu remtu an ni tur a ni lo," tih thu fing (Nemo Judex in Causa Suo) lo awmin hei hi India rama thu buai remna sang ber (Supreme Court)-in pawmpui daih tawh mah se, 'Rom khawpui chu ni khata din a ni lo' tih ang deuh khan SoJ lamtluang hi a thui hle lo thei lo a ni. Kum 2008 hma zawng kha chuan Executive leh Judiciary in pumkhatna hi kan la kalpui a. Kan state-in SoJ a neih ṭanna hi Gauhati High Court-in June ni 24, 2008-a Pute T Saikunga leh R Lalṭhazuala-te Aizawl Sessions Division leh Lunglei Sessions Division awp ve ve tura an rawn ruat aṭang khan a ni mai awm e (H.T.C. Lalrinchhana, Dr: Mizo­ram Judiciary, pp.63) Tichuan, SoJ awm hnuah erawh chuan rorelna Court chu High Court hnuaia awmin Civil leh Criminal thubuai chu a hranpaa chher chhuah, Civil Judge-te kutah a awm ta a ni. Mahse, DC-te chu Executive Magistrate an la nih tho bakah Court anga an ṭhut theihna (judicial powers) pawh zaah za chu lak sak an la ni chuang lo va, ṭul pawh a ṭul lo thei ang. 

Amaherawhchu, Judicial Magistrate an nihna anga Cr. PC Section 144-in a sawi anga thu pêk chhuah hi Judicial Magistrate nihna aṭanga siam ni lovin Executive Magistrate an nihna anga chhuah ṭhin a nih zawk avangin, thu pek chhuahna lehkha lü-ah chuan '...IN THE COURT OF ...' tih aiah 'OFFICE OF THE....'tih hi hman zel tawh tur niin a lang a. SoJ awm hnuah hi chuan, DC pisa aṭanga thu pêk chhuak zawng zawngahte hian an dah vek em tih erawh chu kei chuan ka hre phak lo. Champhai, Kolasib leh Mamit DC-te chuan ...'OFFICE OF THE...' tih hi thu pêk lehkha lu-ah an dah vek a, a dang zawngte erawh chuan ...'In the Court of'...tih hi an la hmang niin hriat a ni (Siama, Dan Leh Hrai WAG Dec, 19, 2020). Hetiang hi ni mah se, kumin 2021 hi chuan dan pangngai angin an dah vek tawhin a rinawm. 

Kan thu ziah a thui lutuk loh nan, Ukil thiam tak mai, ṭhianpa Lalremchhunga ṭawngkam ka'n hawh lawk ang e. 

"In the court of" tih hi hman deuh khan ka sawisel tawh a..., Court an ni lova, Executive Magistrate an ni a, DC pawh District Magistrate kha a ni ve a, Magistrate hi court anga sawi mai hi awl ve tak tur a ni rêng a ni. Separation of Judiciary kan tih hma khan case an khawih nasa a, DC hnuaia Court pawh kha an awm ṭhin reng a, chu hun chuan mual min liam san tawh a, District Council area-ah pawh court angin an function tawh lova, Judicial Magistrate kan nei vek tawh a ni. 

Executive Order hi Judicial Magistrate First Class pawh hian a set aside thei a, a ṭhiah sak thei a ni. JMFC hnuai a ni maw(?) ti ila an dik leh si lo, an chanchin executive hnaah chuan thû tak an ni lawi si a ni. Court hian order a siam dawn chuan party pahnih an awm a ngai a, party pakhat chauh an awm chuan executive lam a hawi a ni. 

Court chuan order siam tur chuan case a register hnuah both party-a ngaihthlak a ngai a, finfiahna a neih a ngai a, chumi hnuah order siam chauh a ni. Section 144Cr.PC hnuaiah hian chutiang a tih eng mah a awm thei lova, a ṭul hek lo. Executive Order an chhuah mai ṭhin a ni. Court anga function a nih hi chuan thubuai pu lûttute hian Court fee an pekte pawh a ngai ve bawk a, Limitation Act, Court Fee Act, CPC, Cr.PC etc... an hman a ngai bawk ṭhin a ni. 

Kawng lehlamah chuan DC hi Court angin function theihna a nei ve tho tihte pawh hi hriat tel a ngai. Entir nan Public Demand Recovery chungchangah te Certificate Officer an ni a, Court angin an function ṭhin. Mahse, tuna kan sawi tak hi Section 144 Cr.PC a ni a, hetah hi chuan Executive Power hmang an ni a, court anga sawi a dikhlel deuh a ni. 

Court angin function ta sela, an order court a kalpui a nih te hian First or orginal Suit ang ni lovin appeal anga kalpui a ngai bawk dawn a ni. Tunah erawh Executive Order challenge angin appro­priate Court-ah an kal ṭhin a ni" (Lalrinchhunga, Dan leh Hrai WA group, Dec. 20, 2020). 

Eng pawh ni se, Mizoramin SoJ kan tih puitlin kum aṭanga chhiar chuan kum 12 zet a lo ral leh ta der mai a, thu buai hla buai rem tura a bîka chher judge-ten Court an han ṭhut chilh ta a, dan leh hrai lama inawpna lamah chuan kan changtlung ta hle mai a, ram danpui (the Constitution of India) siam laia kan puipate (framers) duh thu sam chu kan lo nei ta a, Pathian hnenah lawmthu awm sela. 

Thil mak em em mai nia lang erawh chu- Mizorama Deputy Commissioner-te, hna ngah em em mai, India rama DC hna ngah ber leh thil ti thei ber nia MA (Public Administration) kan zir laia kan sawi ṭhinte khan development administration  khawih paha hneh tak maia thu buai hla buai an lo rem thei ṭhinte kha an fakawm a. An hnaah an serious hle tihna a lo ni - khawvel ram danga Burraucracy & Civil Service-te tluk loh rim an nam a ni. 

Tuna SoJ awm hnua judicial power chhâwk zang­khai an nih tâk avang hian hmasawnna hna chi hrang hrang (developmental works & administration) atan pawh malsawmna zawk a ni ngei ang a, Zofate hi kan vannei hle a ni.