MIZORAM MAMAWH SKILL DEVELOPMENT

Ram hmasawnna bul leh ei-sum dinhmuna ṭhanna siamtu hi ram leilung hausakna leh hmanraw ṭha ni mai lovin, a chhunga cheng mihringte zirna, hriselna, finna, remhriatna, themthiamna leh taihmakna a ni. 

America ram hausakna leh hma­sawnna bul chu hmanraw ṭha ni lovin, a chhunga cheng mihringte tumruhna leh thiamna, taihmakna vang liau liau a ni. Mihringte thiamna, finna leh hriselna tlingkawm hi ‘human capital’ tih a ni. Indopui pahnihna khan Europe leh Japan ram te a tichhe nasa a. Amaherawhchu, hun rei lote chhungin a chhunga cheng mihringte thiamna, hriatna leh tumruhna vang liau liauvin an dingchhuak leh thei a ni. 

Kawngpui ṭha, power leh ram leilung hausakna, khawl leh technology changkang te hi ram chhunga cheng mihringten an hman ṭangkai thiam loh chuan ram hmasawnna a thlen zo lova; eirukna leh helna siamtu mai an ni. Hei hi Africa ram tam tak dinhmun aṭangin a chiang hle. Africa khawmualpuia ram leilunga hausa ber berte khu helna chi hrang hrang avanga buai nasa ber ber te an ni. Hetih laiin vawiin nia khawvela ram changkan ber ber nia kan hriat- Israel te, South Korea te, Taiwan te, Singapore te hian ram leilung hausakna chhuan tur an nei lo. Amaherawhchu, a chhunga chengte thiamna, finna leh tumruhna ‘human capital’ avang liau liauvin  ram hmasawn leh ram ropui ni thei an ni. 

India ram hi khawvela ṭhalai ngah ber a ni. Mihring zaa 62 hi kum 15-59 inkar an ni a; hei hi kum 2040 thlenga India ram dinhmun tura ngaih a ni. Kum 25 hnuai lam mihring awm zat hi khawvelah a ngah ber kan ni bawk; mihring zaa 54 vel an ni. Kum 2020 hian India ram mihring awm zawng zawng kum chawhrual hi kum 29 vel nia ngaih a ni. China leh USA kum chawhrual hi kum 37 a ni a; Western Europe kum 37, Japan kum 48 (U.S. Census Bureau; BCG Analysis, 2010). Khawvel mihringten upat lam kan pan zel avangin hnathawk thei mihring (skill manpower) an tlem tial tial a. Kum 2020 hian hnathawktu indaihlohna hi mihring maktaduai 56.5 vel nia chhut a ni. Hetih laiin India ram hnathawk thei, chuangtlai mihring maktaduai 47 vel awma ngaih a ni thung. 

India ram ṭhan mawh bawk pakhat chu hnathawktu, thiam bik nei (skilled workforce) a nei tlem hi a ni. Hnathawk thei, thiam bik nei hi kum 15-59 inkarah hian za 2.2 chauh a ni. UK-ah chuan zaa 68 an ni a; Germany-ah zaa 75, USA-ah zaa 52, Japan ramah zaa 80 leh S. Korea-ah zaa 96 a ni. India ram chhungah kum tin mihring maktadua 12.8 hnathawk thei, mi thar an awm; hengho tana skill training-na hmun awm chhun a bei tham hle thung. India rama hnathawktu zaa 93 hi ‘unorganized sector’ thawk an ni a; an zinga zaa 83 chu eng ‘training’ mah dawng lo an ni (NSS- 68th round, 2011-12) 

Mizoramin hmasawnna kawnga harsatna lian tak a hmachhawn mek chu hnathawktu, thiam bik nei (skilled workforce) kan nei tlem hi a ni. Sumdawnna kawnga chinchang hria leh thilsiamna lam tuipui (entrepreneur) sawi tham kan nei lova. Lo neihna lam tihhmasawn nan te, thil siamna lam leh service sector hrang hrang atan ‘skilled workforce’ kan mamawh ang kan hmu zo lo bawk. Kan ram zirna kalphung a famkim tawk loh avangin mihring hman tlak a chherchhuak zo lova. Ram changkanga hnathawk thei chu sawi loh, India ram chhung ngeia thawk tur pawhin pen chhuak thei kan tlem em em a; mahni eizawnna kawng pawh indap chhuak thei lovin mi tam tak kan awm a ni. Hei hi ram tan hlohna nasa tak a ni. 

Kan ram zirna chu ram leh chhungkaw tan sum leh pai sen thlawnna hmun hautak tak a ni ta ringawt mai a ni. Hei hi a pawi tak zet a ni. Hei hian ram hmasawnna mai a nghawng lo va; lungawilohna leh buaina chhuahna bul a ni thei a ni. National Skill Qualification Framework (NSQF) chungchang India sawrkar chuan thiam bik nei tur hmalakna (skill development) lam uar a ṭul a ni tih hriain hma thar lian tak a chhawp chhuak a. Ministry thar siamin policy mumal tak a duang a, agency hrang hrang a ruahman mek bawk. Kum 2013 khan Skill Development lam zirna ruangam thar ‘National Skill Qualification Framework (NSQF)’ a duang chhuak a. Zirna pangngai a pawl 1 aṭanga Ph.D thleng a awm ang hian NSQF hnuaiah hian level 1 aṭanga 10 thleng a awm ang a. Level hrang hrang zir zawh dan azirin zirna pangngai emaw, technical course dang emaw zir zawm theih dan ruahman a ni bawk. NSQF hnuaia zirna duangtu Sector Skill Council hrang hrang a awm bawk. Entirnan, banking/ financial institution lam zirna duangtu Banking, Financial Services and Insurance (BFSI) Sector Skill Council of India a awm a. BFSI Sector Skill Council hian he sector hnuaia zirna chi hrang hrangte chu NSQF level hrang hrang milin a duang a. Sector Skill Council hi 37 lai a awm tawh a; anni hian anmahni huangchhung ṭheuh atan Course chi hrang hrang zir tur tam tak an ruahman tawh a ni. Training chi hrang hrang awmsate pawh NSQF mil tur a her rem mek a ni bawk.

Skill development lam zirna hian hriatna leh thiam bikna hi hlawm thumah a ṭhen a, chungte chu - Professional knowledge, Professional skill leh Core skill te an ni. Heng pathum hrechiang tura zirna hi ‘competency-based zirna’ tih a ni. Professional knowledge chuan zirlai (subject) chungchang hriatna zau tak a kawk a; ‘professional skill’ chuan mahni hnathawh lai thiam belna leh hriatchianna lam a kawk thung. Mite dawr thiam (communication skill) hi Professional skill pawimawh taka a ngaih a ni. ‘Core skill’ chuan hnathawhna hmanraw chi hrang hrang hman thiamna (dexterity) lam a kawk bawk. ‘Competency-based education’ chuan ‘skill hrang hrante tehkhawng hmang a, thiam chin chiang taka hriatna, hman tlak leh rinngam ngei a ni’ tih zir chhuahna a ni.  

College lama skill development course zir dan tur UGC-in a ruahman dan chuan-certificate course hi thla 6 zir a ni a; Diploma-kum 1, Advanced Diploma- kum 2 leh a sang ber Bachelor of Vocation-kum 3 zir hnuah pek tur a ni. Certificate course thleng emaw, a aia sang emaw pawh, BVoc degree thleng kher lo pawh an zawh chin ang ang kha degree pek tur a ni. Kum dangah pawh zir bak la chhunzawm zel theih a ni bawk ang. India ram college hrang hrangah Community College dinin college kal lai te, kal kher lo pawh a duh apiang zir theih turin skill development course zirna kawng hawn mek a ni. Mizoram University hnuaiah Handloom lam zirna te, Beekeeping lam zirnate kalpui mek a nih bakah Pachhunga University College-ah hian pa khawi lam (mushroom) chin dan zirna kalpui mek a ni. A hrechiang duh tan ngaih ven theih a ni ang. 

National Skill Development Council (NSDC) chuan India ram State hrang hrangte themthiamna lama tlak chham dan ‘Skill Gap’ zirchianna a nei a. Mizoram leilung hausakna te, Mizote thawh thiam chi leh sawrkar policy-te thlir chungin, Mizoram economy khal kal thei (growth driver) sector hrang hrangte a thlang chhuak a. Heng sector-te hi hlawm hrang pathum- (i) ei-bar dapna lam (livelihood sector) te, (ii) State chhung mamawh (domestic demand sector) leh, (iii) state pawn lam mamawh (migration sector) te an ni. Heng sector hrang hranga skill mamawh dan pawh chi hrang pathum- thiamna thar (new skill), technical skill leh thiamsa tihchangkan lamte (skill upgradation)-a ṭhen a ni.   

Mizoram hmasawn nana pawimawh em em chu ‘Livelihood sector’ tihmasawn, ṭhantir leh tihngheh a ni. Livelihood sector hian a huam zau hle. Livelihood sector pawimawh zualte chu- lo neihna lam te, huan leh thlai thar chhuahna lam te, sumchang thlai chinna lam te, sangha khawina leh ran vulh lamte a ni a. Heng sector-ah te hian hriat chin leh thiam chin nei bawk mah ila, hriat belh tur/thiam belh tur kan ngah em em a ni. Lo neitu/huan neitu chuan thlai chi hrang hrang chin hunbi dik tak te, lei ṭha chi hrang hman hun leh hman dan tur dik te, thlai seng hun leh phun hunbi dik te, natna hrik laka ven dan te, thlai inchin chhawk dan te, hlawi hun te, thlai chin pawlh dan te, chin ho chi (double cropping) te, international/national standard a enkawl dante hriat a ngai. Sengkhawm hnua a enkawlna (post-harvest management) atan ṭul leh pawimawh- bacteria laka ven dan te, vawnhim dan (sanitization, dipping, spraying) te, thliar hran dan (sorting, grading, packing) te, thawktu hriselna leh hmun hma tihthianghlim dante thiam leh hriat ngei a ṭul bawk. 

Hralh leh zawrhna (marketing) lamah pawh sawngbawlna (processing) dan chi hrang hrang te, market dang nena inzawmna leh hralh theih zat tur (linkage & market demand) kalhmang hriat te, man bituk dan (pricing methodology) te, ram chhung leh pawn hralhna kalhmang (domestic & international market standard) hriat te, phur kualna lam senso leh inkungkaih kual dan (transport cost leh logistics) leh mi dang nena indawrtawn thiamna (soft skills) thiamte a pawimawh hle. 

Tualchhung mamawh phuhrûkna lam eizawnna peng hrang hrang (domestic demand sector) ah pawh pawh ‘skill upgrade’ tur a tam hle. Heng sector hrang hrang- Handloom & Handicraft, Food Processing, Tourism & Hospitality, IT/ITES, Forest based, Construction, Health care, Motor Repair, Beauty & Culture etc-ah hian thiam belh tur leh zir thar tur kan ngah hle. Handloom & Handicraft sector-ah, mawi leh tlo, nalh, man tlawm zawka siam thei turin ‘innovation’ a pawimawh em em a ni. Tourism leh Hospitality lamah pawh tlang gram State dang-Sikkim, Meghalaya, Nagaland etc te kan phak lohna chhan chu kan culture leh ram mawinate behchhanin ‘tourist product’ kan siam thiam lo te, tourism hmasawn nana ṭul leh pawimawh-tour guide, logistic etc thiam kan nei lote hi a ni. Mizo hnam tana thil zahthlak tak pakhat chu construction industry (in sak, hall sak, kawngpui sial, tuikhuah lian siam etc) ah thawk thei thiamna nei kan tlem hi a ni; thing, lung, cement mistiri kan awm mang lote hi skill development lama chona lian tak a ni.  

State pawn lam hna thawhna (Migration sector) ah pawh ‘skill upgrade’ a, eizawnna ṭha tak tak neih mai theihna tur a awm nual mai. Heng sector - Beauty & Welness, Hospitality, Retail Services, Music, Sports, Fashion designing, Flight attendants, Ground staff, Healthcare, Language Skills etc. te hi Mizote thiam zawng tak vek an ni. Hlawhtlinpui tak tak tur erawh chuan skill hrang hrang (Skill set) hriat tur a tam hle thung. Themthiamna kan neih bakah ṭawng chi hrang, Hindi/English tlema zawng tal hriat ve te, mi biangbiak (soft skill) thiamte a pawimawh. Taimakna, tumruhna leh rinawmna nena kan thawh chuan khawvel khawi hmunah pawh eizawnna tling vek an ni. 

Mizoram sawrkar pawhin Skill Development Policy mumal tak neiin hma a la ṭan ve mek a. Mihring hman tlaka chherchhuah hi ram hmasawnna hnuk, mi mal leh chhungkaw din  chhuahna bul a ni tih hre rengin, sawrkar, mi mal leh chhungkua angin, skill development lam zirna i uar sauh sauh ang u.