TLABUNG – MANGṬHA MAI LE!

Hnamte chanchin ziak hmasatu mingote

Portuguese ram daidartu Vasco da Gama kha May ni 20, 1498-ah India ram a thleng a, a hnu kum 1510-ah Portuguese ho khan India khawthlang lampang Goa lain, an awp a. India chhak lam leh hmarchhak lam erawh an awp ngai lo tih kan hria. Kum 1615 khan Portuguese historian pakhat João de Barros-a’n Portuguese hovin India, Asia, leh southeast Africa ram an awp dân chanchin Décadas da Ásia (Decades of Asia), kum 1525-1535 vêla a lo ziak sa chu an tichhuak a. João de Barros hi Lisbon khawpuia Casa da Índia (the India House) Treasurer hna thawk ṭhîn leh Portuguese hovin Brazil ram an awpna kawnga sûlsutute zinga mi a ni a. India ramah vawi khat mah a zin thleng lo va, mahse, a thawhna hmuna lehkha pawimawh tak takte hmua hai pha chin, sawrkar mi pawimawh a ni.

A history bu-ah hian map pakhat, khawchhak hawi zawnga a siam chu a chuang a. Map-ah hian Assam Cachar leh Tripura chhim lam leh Arakan inkarah hian ram pakhat ‘Chacoma’ tih a tarlang tel a, chu chuan Chittagong tlang ram chu Chakma ho luah ṭhin ram a nihna a târlang. Chakma ho hi Chittagong Hill Tracts-ah hian Burma ram aṭanga lo chhukin, kum AD 1418 vêl aṭang khan Bandarban chhim lama awm ṭan angin an insawi ṭhin a. Map-ah hian Khawthlangtuipui chhak lam zêla mi lu la hnam tia an hriat Lusei ho ram a târlang tel lo va a; a chhan ni bera lang chu he ram hi ram zalen, Lusei ho luah ram a nih vâng a ni. João de Barros khân India leh Asia ram hrim hrim pawh a thlen miau loh avang khan a map-ah hian tihsual a nei nual a. Khatihlaia Daca (Dhaka) khua kha Padma luikama awm angin a dah a, mahse, hetih hunlai hian Dhaka chu Buriganga kama khaw tereuhte a la ni a, Sonargaon (Sornagam) tiin, thliarkar ni lo pui kha thliarkar angin a ziak bawk.

European ho kha map te siam a, ziaka thil dah hmasatu an ni a. Hmun, ram leh thil hming hrim hrim kha an benga a rîk dân leh, ram ṭhenawm hnam, an tawn hmasakten an koh dan leh an hriat hmasak ang ang kha an chhinchhiah mai ṭhîn a. Hetiang a nih avâng hian hmun leh khaw hming tam tak hian a ram mite koh dân (endonym) ni lo, pawn lam mite koh dân (exonym) zâwk an hmang fo ṭhîn a, chung zingah chuan Chakma ho a sawina Chacoma tih pawh hi Portuguese ṭawnga an kohna a ni a, anmahni inkohna a ni lo. Tun hnu zêlah India ram khawpui hrang hrang Sâp ho beng leh leili mila an lo kohte chu an hming dik tak zâwka an thlâk lêt leh nual tawh tih kan hriat hi.

Mughal ho awp chin ram – Chittagong Hill Tracts

India ram hi Mughal ho khan kum 1526 – 1857 chhûng an awp ṭhin a. Bengal leh Assam ram thleng hian an hnuhma hmuh tûr a awm a. Lower Assam lamah pawh Mughal hunlaia mosque-te pawh hmuh tur a la awm a. Tunlai huna Bangladesh kan tih tâk hi Mughal lal ho awpna hnuaiah a lo awm tawh ṭhin a. Chumi avang chuan Chittagong tlang ramte pawh hi an awpna hnuaiah an lo awm tawh ṭhin. Amaherawhchu, hmasâng aṭangin Chittagong tlang ram hi Tsak emaw Chakma ho chauh awmna bîk ni lovin, tlangmi dang tam tak an khawsa ve bawk ṭhin tih chu khawvêl hriat a ni a. Chakma, Marma (Magh), Mro (Mrung), Tanchangya, Bawm, Khumi, Lusei, Chak, Khiyang, leh Pangkhua hnam hrang hrangte chênna homeland a ni a, mahse, chutihlai aṭang pawh chuan Mizoram/Lusei ho chênna tlâng ram hi an han dai dar ngam ngai lo. Mingo/European ho pawhin helai ram hi an la dai dar lo hrim hrim a ni.

Mizo fate thlang tlâk tâwpna – Tlabung

Mizo fate thlang tlâk thu kan sawi ṭhin hi Kale-Kabaw ruam aṭangin kum AD 1295 – 1395 aṭang khân a inṭan a. He ruam aṭang hian Nanzhao rallian avângin thlang lamah an chhuk ta zêl a, Mizoram hi AD 1400 vela thleng angin ngaih a ni ṭhin. Kum 2025-a North Khawlêka Thingkhuang ramhnuaia ruhro upat zâwng kha carbon dating hmanga chhûtnaah khan kum AD 1260 CE aṭanga AD 1320 inkâr vêl a ni an ti a, Farkawn bula Lamsial Pûka mi erawh chu AD 1729 aṭanga AD 1789 inkâr vela mi a ni an ti thung.

Mizo hnam chanchinah Zahmuaka thlahte–Zadenga, Paliana, Thangluaha, Thangura, Rivunga leh Rokhuma te thlahte chanchin leh an thlang tlâk dânte kan hria a. Ṭhangura tuchhuan kal zêlah Sailo lalte chu thlangtla hnuhnûng ber an ni. Thangluah leh Rivung lalte kha chhim lamah kalin, chhimthlang lamah Chittagong tlang ram thlengin an nawr a. Rivung lalte zingah Vanhnuaithanga khan Chengri leh Kassalong lui inkarah khaw lian tak Longteroi Tlang (Lawngterawi Tlang) an tih chu a nei a, kum 1850 khan a thi ta a. A thih hnu hian a khua hi Vuttaia’n a hâlsak a, a khaw mi tlânchhiate chu Tripura tlangramah an tlan chhe ta a ni (Shakespeare, 1912: 17 of 302).

Thangluah ho hi thlangtla zinga thleng thui ber niin Tlabung leh Bawrkawlh Suar thlengin ram an valh. Thangluah lal zînga hmingthang ber chu Rothangpuia a ni a, Kumpinu sawrkar tibuai a, timualpho fotu kha a ni (Shakespeare, 1912: 17 of 302).

Mingo zinga Lusei ram tlawhtu hmasa ber

European mingo zinga Lusei ram lut hmasa ber chu Thomas Herbert Lewin, Political Officer kha a ni a, Chittagong-ah kum 1864 October ni 15 khan a lo thleng. Chittagong hi lawng chawlhhmun niin, Khawthlangtuipuiin Bay of Bengal tuifinriat a finna hmun, khaw mawi tak a ni. Chittagong chhak lam ram chu tlâng inthuahthîp, paw chûk leh mawi takin a bawh chhuak vek a, chu râl ram hla taka tlang ram lo lang chu hnam kawlhsen leh hlauhawm tak maite chênna a nih thu Lewin-a chu miten an hrilh (Lewin, 1885. A Fly on the Wheel, p. 196).

Lewin-a chuan Lusei hote chenna rama luh chu a chakzia a ziak a. Hla taka tlang paw riai ruai mai chu thlîr vawng vawngin, “A tlâng chhîp chhûmin a bawh chêk chûk te chuan an hnêna kal tûrin min ko ṭhînin ka hria,” tiin a ziak (Lewin, 1885:221, 226). Chutianga Lusei ho chênna ram tlawh a châk êm avâng chuan a ram han tlawhtu awm chhun, thlasik laia mau leh thing sâta han kal ṭhîn vai hote a zâwt kual ṭhîn a. Anni chuan Khawthlangtuipui hnar lamah Bawrkawlh suar chhakah chuan lengkîr sang tak, tuikhawhthla awmna hmun thleng chauh lawngin a kal theih a. Chulai hmun chu an ṭawngin Demagree a ni tia an hrilh angin Lewin-a hian a lehkhabu-ah a chhinchhiah ta mai niin a lang. Chu Lusei tlangrama chêng, hnam kawlhsen tak maite chuan British ram awp chhûnga hnam dangte chu rûnin, an lute lain, mi tam tak salah an man ṭhin avângin Chittagong district hmunpui Chandraguna khuaa chêngte chuan Lusei ho chênna leh an chanchin chu hlau leh khûr leh thaw dêp dêp chungin an sawi ṭhîn (Lewin, 1885. p. 221).

Chittagong Hill Tracts ramri chhak lam chu mahnia ding ram zalên, British ho rorêlna pawn lamah awm a nih thu chiang taka ziakin, heti hian a sawi a:

“Kan district hmar, chhim leh thlang lamah chuan engmah buaina kan tâwk lo va, a chhan chu British awpna hnuaia awm ram bung dangte depa awm a nih avâng leh British sawrkar nêna inlaichînna nei ṭha ramte ria a neih vâng a ni a; mahse, a chhak lamah thung chuan hnam zalên – Kuki tia kan koh mai, mahse, anmahni inkohna hming Lusei tia koh zâwk tûrte an chêng a. An hnam hi an kawlhsenin, an tam tham hle a. Assam ram aṭanga luah ṭanin, China leh Burma inkâr ram, Shan ho ram thlengin, Thailand chhim thlengin an luah a, ka hmêlma hlun Mara ho pawh hi Lusei nêna inlaichîn hnam an ni.

“Heng Lusei ho hi kan buaina zakhua niin, rorêltute timualphotu an ni fo mai a; Hill Tracts-a khuate an rûn ṭhîn a, a mi chêngte beiin, an rawk fo va, khuate an hâl a, mipate an that a, hmeichhia leh nunaute salah an man a. Hei hi kum tam tak chhûng an chêt dân phung a nih avâng hian Lusei ram leh Chittagong tlangram inkârah chuan tuma chên ngam lohna ram ruak zau tak, hmar aṭang chhim thlengin mel sawmnga vel laia zau tûr hi a awm nghe nghe a ni.’

“Lusei lal ṭhenawm hnai ber chu Rothangpuia niin, kum 1861 kha Major Raban-a hovin amah hremna leh phuba lâkna tûrin a khuate han beiin an hâlsak tawh a. Chumi hnuah pawh chuan inrûnna leh inrûksakna lian lutuk lo hi a la awm chhunzawm ta reng a, mahse, thil tisualtute hi kan man hleih theih ṭhîn loh avângin Lusei ho nen chuan inremna derthâwng angreng tak a awm a. Mahse, kan inlaichînna chu a chhe hle a, engtiklai pawhin indona chhuak thut thei rengin a awm a ni,” (Lewin, 1885: 288).

Tlabung hming put ṭanna

Khawthlang tuipui hianBunghmun bulah hnâr a nei a, Tuichawng leh Sazek luite’n an fin a. Tlabung ruam thlen dâwn chiah hian lêngkîr, fîng 20 vela sâng, bung thla vut mai Vantaikhawr an tihah chuan khawh lûtin, li thûk tak a siam a. Chulai hmun chu Li-Tlabung tiin an sawi ṭhîn a; hei hi a khaw hming atan a pu zui ta zel a ni.

Lehkhabua ‘Tlabung’ tih ziaka chhinchhiah kan hmuh hmasak ber chu Thomas Herbert Lewin lehkhabu kum 1874-a a ziak Progressive colloquial exercise in the Lushai dialect of the 'Dzo' or Kúki language tihah khan a ni a, hetihian Mizo ṭawng a letling a:

“Nuktuka Tlabunga I kul donlom? Are you not going to Demagree to-morrow?“

Kum 1884-a Tlabunga Civil Medical Officer lo awm Brojo Nath Shaha lehkhabu ‘Grammar of the Lushai Language’ tihah hmun hming ziak dân entîrna zinga “Tlá-bungá = ‘Demagri’” tih a lo chhinchhiah tel bawk a (Shaha, 1884:3). Kum 1889-a Intelligence Officer Captain Q.A. Chambers-a lehkhabu ‘Handbook of The Lushai Country’ tihah Tlabung tih hi hetihian a târlang:

“Demagri (Lushai Tlaboonga)-ah chuan bazar a awm a, mi cheng 400 awmin, Haulawng leh Lakher te nena insumdawn tawnna hmun a ni a. Bazar hi mau kulha hung niin, ṭhal lai chuan Frontier Police mi 200-in an awm chilh a, furah chuan mi 60 an awm ṭhin. Bazarah chuan dawr bungrua a tam vak lo va, mahse, tui erawh a ṭhain, a tam thung a. Kum 1888-a thirhrui leh dakin a awm chinah phei chuan mihring an pung nasa hle,” tiin a chhinchhiah a (Chambers, 1889: 35). Hei lo pawh hi European roreltute thuziak tam takah Tlabung tih an hmanna hi hmuh tur tam tak a awm bawk.

Tlabung din ṭan ni

Tlabung chhak lam zawng lui hnar lam leh khawchhak lamah hian Chakma te leh tlangmi hnam dang reng reng an chêng ngai lo va, he lai ram hi an luahpui ngai lo. Lewin-a’n, “Lusei ram leh Chittagong tlang ram inkârah chuan tuma chên ngam lohna ram ruak zau tak, hmar aṭang chhim thlengin mel sawmnga vel laia zau tûr hi a awm,” tia a ziak angin, Mizo (Lusei) ho rama han pên luh ringawt pawh kha thih hrehin an hreh a (Lewin, 1885:288). Vailian vawi khatnaa puakphur 600 lai, Satikang tlang rama tlangmi lal dangte khua aṭanga hnam hrang hrang an hruai khawmte pawh khan mi lu la hnam tia an hriat Lusei ho chenna ram an luh dawn meuh chuan an zâmin, an khûr chhe nasa mai a, “Lusei rama kal ai chuan kan lu hi min tan sak mai rawh u,” tiin an ngen hial a ni tiin General Brownlow chuan a chhinchhiah (Brownlow, 1872, Despatches:12-13).

Tuna Lunglei hmunah hian British ho khan kulh siamin ‘Fort Lungleh’ tiin March 1899-ah an luah ṭan a. Aizawl hi February ni 25, 1890-a din ṭan a ni thung. Chutiang chu a nih laiin Mizorama ziak ngeia dahṭhat khaw din ṭan ni kan neih zînga khaw hlun ber chu Tlabung khua a ni a, November ni 9, 1871 kuma din ṭan a ni. Tlabung khaw dinnaa kut thlâk hmasatu leh khaw sâttu tak chu C.P. Crouch, Chittagong Hill Tracts, 24 Parganas-a Assistant Superintendent of Police leh a hote sipai 150 an ni a; amah tirtute chu Lewin leh General Brownlow te an ni (Brownlow, 1872:7).

Chakma homeland – Chittagong Hill Tracts

João de Barros-a map-a a lan angin Chakmate hian anmahniin ram an nei ṭhin a, chu chu Chittagong Hill Tracts a ni. Chulai ramah chuan tlangmi dangte nên inngeih takin an chêng ṭhîn. Sawi tâk angin, Tlabung leh a chhehvêl ram hi Lewin-a leh Brownlow te lokal hma khân Chittagong Hill Tracts-ah tu nhma aṭangin a tel ngai lo va. Amaherawhchu, chhim lam Vailen vawi khatna kha Tlabungah November ni 9, 1871-ah lûtin, awmhmun an khuar nghâl a. Vailian an kir leh hnu khan Lewin-a chuan Chittagoing Hill Tracts hmunpui chu Tlabung hmunah sawnin, 1871-73 thleng khân a ṭhutchilh zui a. Chumi aṭang chiah chuan Tlabung chu Chittagong Hill Tracts-ah rîn luh niin, Bengal sawrkar hnuaiah enkawl a ni ṭhin. Mahse, 1898-a sîksawi ṭhatnaah khan Tlabung chu South Lushai Hills hnuaiah dah let a lo ni leh ta a ni.

Hun a lokal zêl a, Mizoram buai hnuah Indira Gandhi sawrkarin kum 1971-a Mizoram Union Territory-a hlân kai a nih dâwn lai khan Pawi leh Lakher region te tân autonomous district council (ADC) pêk an tiam a. A tîr aṭanga Chakmate tana ADC pêk tûr thu hi sawi tel a ni reng reng lo. Mahse, Home Secretary MG Pimputkar leh Chakma aiawha kal Atul Chandra Chakma khan mi dangte hriat lohin ADC siam tel turin ruahmanna an lo siam reng mai a lo ni a. Pu AC Ray-a’n Dr. JV Hluna hnêna a sawi dânin, Chakma ADC an siamna chhan ber chu MNF ho hmalâkna tihṭhuanawpna tûr a ni ber mai a ti (JV. Hluna, 2020:15-27).

Khatianga Chakma ADC chu Chawngte area-a an pêk lai khân Tlabung leh a chhehvêl hi chu council chhûnga tel tûr chuan sawi lan a ni ngai lo a; Chakma ho rilruah emaw Mizo rilruah emaw a lut pha lo hrim hrim, Mizo khua a nih tlat vâng a ni.

Hetianga a nih ang ang a nih tawh hnuah, inrem taka buaina awm lo va hnam hrang hrang kan awm a, kan khawsak ho mek laia history dik lo hmanga Tlabung hi Chakma ram leh Chittagoing Hill Tracts-a bet sa reng anga dik lo taka an hauh mai hi a tha lo va. Thu dik tak kan sawi a, kan ṭan a, kan din pui hi mi zawng zawng tih tur a ni.

Tlabung khaw pawimawhna

Tlabung hi ziak ngeia chhinchhiah zingah Mizorama khaw upa ber niin, kum 1871 Vailen hnu aṭang khan Sawrkar hmunpui hmasa a ni. Thomas Lewin leh Brojo Nath Shaha ten Mizo ṭawng lehkha an ziak ṭanna hmun, Mizo thuziak pian ṭanna a ni. Lîrthei awm hma aṭang tawhin sai puakphur kal theihna tura Mizorama kawngpui sial hmasak ber mel 43 (69km) chu March ni 11, 1889 khân Lunglei thleng sial zawh a ni a. Damlo enkawlna kawngah pawh Mizorama damdawi in hmasa ber chu 1872 khan din nghal a ni. Mizorama Post & Telegraph Office hmasa ber pawh March ni 30, 1872 khân din a ni a. Kum 1872 tâwp lamah Tlabungah bazar siamin Mizoramah bungraw lei leh hralhna, sumdawnna bul an ṭan ta a. Helai hmunah hian Mizorama police station hmasa ber pawh din niin, tun thlengin he building hi a la ding ve chang chang a ni.

Tlabung mangṭha a ngai dâwn ta maw!

Tun hma deuh khan fiamthu thawh thiam lâr ve tak Tuarpuii leh Sunpuia te khân ‘Foreign ram Tlabung’ tia fiamthu thawh nana hmangin, kan nuihpui dur dur a. Kum 2026 August thla a lo inher chhuah meuh chuan MLA ni ṭhin Nihar Kanti Chakma chuan Tlabung chu Chakma ho ram a nih ṭhin thu tlângaupuiin, All India Chakma Students’ Union pawhin chu thu chu thlawpin Tlabung chu min chuhpui ta a. Hetiang taka kan hnuchhawn a, kan chhuahsan zel Tlabung hi Mizote tan ‘foreign ram’ a la ni tak tak ang tih pawh a hlauhawm ta! Thi leh thau pawlha kan pi leh pute’n an lo vên, kan ram hlu tak mai hi Mizote tâna chên chhunzawm hleih theih loha siamin, kan hnuchhawn a, kan rauhsan ta zêl mai. Tlabung khuaa chêng hrâm hrâm Mizote hi kan dem ngawt thei dâwn em ni?

Hun inher zêlah thil a inthlâk chho zêl a. Mizote rorêlna hnuaiah ngei MLA bial/constituency rîn ṭhat a ni a. Voter list siam ṭhatna Special Intesive Revision-ah hrang hrangah ram leh hnam aiia mahni ṭânghma haina avângin ramdangmi thun belh an ni ta fo va, a ṭhenin vote bank politics an lo khêl bawk.

Khawthlang lama lal Rothangpuia awp ṭhin Mizo khaw lian pahnih Tlabung leh Lungsen te ṭangrual thei lo tûrin kan ṭhen darh a. Mizo MLA an tlin theih ngai rêng rêng lohna turin Tlabung biala Zo khaw tê zawng zawng kan sawn chhuak vek bawk. Keini Mizote ngei hi Tlabung hnuchhawn hmasatute kan ni.

Tlabung khuaa Mizo cheng leh ṭhahnemngaiten district an ngên a, tuman benga rawngah an thun duh lo. A dîl lo leh phu êm êma lang lo zâwkte pawh an pe zêl. Hmasâwnnain a thlawh khûm ta. Tu nge chutiang hnuchhawn ramah chuan â taka chêng reng thei bîk ang? Zirna in sang a awm lo va, kawng a chhe êm êm reng. Power & Electricity a chhe êm êm a, lui ruam khawlumah air conditioner emaw fan emaw tal tel lo chuan a lum hrehawm a ni. Mizo tu nge pêm luh belh duh ang? Sawrkar hmunpui pawh kan lâk sak zel si. Loh theih lohin brain drain a thleng a, Mizo, vengva leh khawtlang hruai thei turte chênna îtawm lo takah kan chhuah zo va, a thei thei an pêm chhuak a. Kan chhuahsan hi ram danga Chakma mi tharte’n an rawn luah chat chat zel a ni.

Tlabung hi hma khawsang aṭanga tun thlengin Mizoram a ni a, Mizote ta leh chenna a ni. Aizawl leh Lunglei leh hmun dang chauh kan thuam a, Tlabung kan hnuchhawn a, hmasâwnna ruhrel leh ruangâm kan pêk duh loh hian Mizote tân chênna tlâk lohah kan siam a ni. Mimal, hnam leh ram anga kan ṭhanharh thuai loh chuan foreign ramah a chang ngei dawn a ni.

Zo fate i ṭhangharh ang u!

‒ Rema Chhakchhuak