Zoram Thei Huan siamte tan Grafted seedling phun i uar ang u

Mizote hi huan siam lam nuam ti mi kan ni a, hlawhtling tak tak pawh sawi tur an awm a, sorkar hnathawk zingah pawh pension huna huan siam tum kan awm nual àwm asin. Tlang rama awm kan ni a, thei chin pawh kan uar a, foreign lam thei ṭha tak tak pawh hmuh tur a awm a ni. Kawng hrang hrangah hma kan sawn tawh viau lai hian thei kan chin danah hmasawnna tur a la tam a, thei ṭiak, a chi aṭanga kûi ṭiah phun ta mai kan la tam hle. Zoram thei huan siamte hmasawn zel nan, thei ṭang zawm (grafted seedling) chauh hmanga hma kan lak a hun tawh tak zet a ni.

Grafted seedling chu eng nge?

Grafted seedling chu thei ṭang zawm emaw, thei chi, family inang hoah kung khat aṭanga laka kung danga inzawmtir aṭanga seedling pakhat a siam chhuah sawina a ni. A chi ṭiak naupang taka a kung puitling rah thei tawh ṭang zawm emaw, a kung puitling tawh bulah kung dang ṭang zawm emaw, a mit awmna pil bel te pawh a huam bawk.

Grafting tih nan hian pahnih inzawmtir a ngai a, a hnuai lam leia inphun zawk hi rootstock tih a ni a, rootstock atan hian a zung chak leh natna do chak bik, kan leilunga ṭha taka ṭo thei leh hrisel ṭha hman tur a ni a, rootstock a nih angin an rahtir ngai lo. Kan zawm chung lam zawka awm hi scion tih a ni a, ṭang tereuhte a ni ṭhin. Thei rah tui ṭha bik leh hrisel kung aṭanga lak a ni a, kan zawmna scion hian kan thei rah awm dan tur a hril a ni.

Grafting method chi hrang hrang 10 lai a awm a–Tongue grafting, Cleft grafting, side grafting, Inarching, Bark grafting, veneer grafting, wedge grafting, Bud grafting, Chip budding leh Patch budding te a ni. Tunlaiah chuan, a bikin ram changkang apiangah a ṭang zawm hmang vekin thei huan an siam tawh a ni.

Grafting tih hi a harsa lo a, a dan hriata fimkhur taka tih erawh a ngai. Kan thei duh zawng tak ṭang kha chutiang thei ang chi bawk kungah khan inhne rem thlap tura tan (cut) tawn a, nghet ṭha taka ṭawn zawm tur a ni a. Tichuan, ni 20 hnuah a inzawm ṭhat chuan pum khat an lo ni tawh ang a, a lo chawr tawh mai ṭhin. Kan zawmna hnuai lam aṭanga lo chawr erawh paih zel tur a ni. Rootstock chuan zung chak leh hrisel a nei a, a ṭang kan zawm scion erawh chuan thei rah tui tak leh hrisel min pe thung.

Thei chi aṭanga kan kui chuan rah turin hun rei zawk a mamawh a, a chi lakna thei kung angin a rah a tui kher tawh ṭhin lo. A ṭang kan zawm aṭanga lo rah erawh chu a thar hma bakah, zung chak leh hrisel a nei a, a rah tui zawk, quality inang si kan thar thei a ni.

Grafting pawimawhnate

Grafting hmanga thei ṭang zawm hi a ṭha bik em em a, kan hman ṭangkai chuan tun aia nasa zawkin Zoram huan neitute hian hma kan sawn phah thei dawn a ni. A ṭhat bikna ṭhenkhatte chu:

1. A thar hma bik: Thei ṭiak zawmte chu an rah nghal deuh mai a, sum lak luh nghal mai theihna a ni a, a ṭangkai tak zet. Avocado leh serthlumah te pawh a rah ṭiak aṭanga chin chuan kum 5/7 hnuah an chhawr theih chauh ṭhin a, a ṭang zawm kan phun erawh chuan kum 2/3-ah an rah ṭeuh hman a, farmer tan a thlanawm zawk em em.

2. Natna lakah an him bik: Kan ramah ruahtui a tla tam em em a, leilung a hnawng rei a, thlai natna chi hrang hrang a insiam phah ṭhin. A chi aṭanga kan thlai chînte chu lei hnâwng nasa avangin a zung a chak lo a, natna vangin an thi duh bik a, a ṭang zawmah chuan a zung chak chi thlan a nih avangin an him deuh bik ṭhin. Senso a tlem bakah, thlai enkawl buai a ngai lo bik.

3. A zung hrisel leh chak ṭha avangin an ṭo nghet: Tlang ram hmun âwihah a zung chak ṭha leh hrisel hman ṭhin a nih avangin a zung a lut thûk a, a nghet bik a; hmun awihah an tlu mai mai lo a, leilung luang ral thei leh thli lakah an him zawk.

4. A rah ṭha leh inang chauh thar a ni: Thei rah tui leh hrisel kung aṭanga zawm a nih avangin a tui dan leh a rawng te, a rah quality leh a thar hun thlengin a inang vek a, hei hian a hralh lehna lam thlengin a tiawlsam. A chi aṭanga kan chìn chuan a rah hun a inang lo va, a thlum dan leh a thûr dan thlengin a inang lo ṭhin a, a hralh hun leh a leitute duh dan a pha ṭhin lo va, harsatna a awm phah ṭhin.

5. Huan nghet neihna hmanrua a ni thei: Kum tin lo kan vât ṭhin a, ram kan tichhia a, a hlawk lo bawk. Grafted seedling hmang a huan kan siam tawh chuan a permanent a, kum 40 chuang kan hmang thei. A tir kum 2/3 chhung vel uluk taka enkawl chuan kum tin kan thar chhuak thei dawn a ni. Thei huan nghet neih chuan kan tha leh sum te kan khawl thei a, investment ṭha tak ang a nih ber chu.

6. Sum hnâr ṭha tak siam theihna a ni: Thei ṭhenkhat chu hlawk bik em em, mahse, kan ramah chuan a chi aṭanga chin hlâwk lem lo a awm a; entir nan, litchi hi a ṭang zawm hian a rah quality a ṭha a, a thar hma bawk. Apple leh plum te pawh a bul lamah khawvawt ngam chi zawm chuan Mizoram hmun sang zawkah hlawhtling takin a chin theih a, a rah hma bik bakah a rah a ṭha a, a man pawh a to zawk ṭhin.

7. Hun, ram leh hmanruate a hek lo bik: A ṭang zawm aṭanga enkawl theite chu an rah hma bakah an hrisel a, a thar hlâwk avangin hmun zau vak loah pawh hlâwk takin a thar theih. Avocado huan siam tan pawh grafted seedling kan hman a, ṭha taka kan enkawl chuan ṭin 1 hmun aṭangin a rah hlâwk lai vel kum 5 hnuah chuan kum tin cheng nuai 12 lai lak luh theih a ngaih a ni.

Kan hriat angin, vai ram aṭangin thei ṭiak chi hrang hrang an lo phur ṭhin a, a ṭang zawm a ni ṭhin. Grafting method hi uluk taka zir tham a ni a, he thiamna hian nasa takin kan ram huan neitute tan hmasawnna a thlen thei a ni. Thei ṭang zawm dan hi thil harsa a ni hauh lo a, mithiam zawk hnen aṭang inzir a ngai a, a thiam tan chuan nursery siam a, eizawn nan hman tlak a ni. A chi aṭanga kûi ṭiah tawp ai chuan a ṭang zawm ngei chu a into hleih zawk fo. Grafting method thiam duh tan mi thiamte pan a finthlak ang. Kan ramah chuan district hrang hrangah Horticulture mithiamte râwn theih an ni a, district hrang hranga KVK mithiamte aṭang pawhin a inzir theih bawk ang.

Mizoram hi 90% tlang ram a ni a, kan leilung leh kan climate danglam bik avangte hian mi ram angin thlai chin a awlsam lo hle. Thei kan chìn pawhin sum chang thei leh hlawk bik kan uar a ṭha. Chu bakah, grafting thiamna hi hmang ṭangkai vek thei tawh bawk ila, tun aia nasa hian huan neitute an lo hlawk dawn a ni. Kan thei chin chu engpawh lo ni se, neih tam vak a enkawl ṭhat theih si loh ai chuan, tlem zawk, hneh taka enkawl theih kan neihin a hlawk zawk a, a hah dam zawk bawk.

Aw le, tun aṭang chuan a thei apiangin thei huan kan siam dawnin grafted seedling chauh hmang tawh ila, a thar hmain a hrisel zawk a, rei tak kan chhawr thei dawn bawk. Tunlaiah internet kan hmang ṭangkai thei tawh a, Youtube aṭangin mi tih dan en tur leh zir tur a tam tawh a, inzir belh zel theih a ni. Mizo zingah rintlaka thiam kan la tam lo a, hma hruai thei tan chuan eizawnna ṭha tak a ni thei dawn a ni. Ei leh bara intodelh nan he thiamna ‘Grafting method’ hi i hmang ṭangkai ṭheuh tawh ang u.

- C.Rualthankhuma, SMS (Agronomy), KVK, Lawngtlai District, Mizoram