Palak nge Palâ? Exonym or Endonym?

Sap ṭawnga ‘endonym’ leh ‘exonym’ tihte hi Grik ṭawng aṭanga lo kal a ni a. ‘Endo’ chu ‘chhunga awm’ (within) tihna a ni a, ‘exo’ chu ‘pawn lam’ tihna a ni. ‘Onym/nym’ chu ‘hming’ tihna a ni a. Endonym chu chi leh hnam, khua leh ram leh hmunhma hmingte chu a khua leh ram leh hmunhma neitu chi leh hnamten anmahni ṭawng ngeia an inkohna hming a ni a, endonym hi autonym tih pawhin sawi a ni ṭhin. Exonym erawh chu hnam pakhatin ṭawng dang hmangtute hmun (place) leh hnam hmingte an vuah leh an kohna hming a ni a, hmun tam takah chuan endonym nen a danglam a ni. Endonym hman hian chi leh hnam, khua leh ram leh hmunhma hmingte phuah chhan awmze nei takin a hrilhfiah nghal a; exonym erawh chu mi dangte’n an vuah hming a nih avangin chi leh hnam, khua leh ram leh hmunhma hmingte awmzia a bo ṭhin. Chuvangin, endonym hmingte ngei hman hi hnam chanchin leh identity humhalhna pawimawh tak pakhat a ni.

Chi leh hnam ṭhenkhatte’n anmahni ṭawnga an inkoh dan hming chu an chhehvela hnam dang mite’n sawi harsa an tih avanga exonym hming hi lo piang chhuak ni berin a lang. Chutihlaiin, hmun leh hun ṭhenkhatah erawh chuan exonym hi colonial thuneitute’n ram leh hnam an awpte chu anmahni colonial sakhua (religion), hnam zia (culture), tih dan phung (tradition) leh tihṭhin zia (custom) te zuitir tura an kalpuina hmanrua pakhat angin an hmang a, a ram leh a ṭawng neitute identity tihdanglamna hmanrua atan an hmang bawk. Hei hi tunlai academic ṭawngkamah chuan ‘politics of naming’ tih a ni. Babulon rama hruai chhoh Hebrai tlangval palite pawh kha Israel ram awptu Babulon empire chuan Babulon ṭawngin an hming thar a vuahsak a, Babulon (Akadian) ṭawng, Babulon hnam zia, tih dan phung leh tih ṭhin ziate pawh an zirtîr a ni (Daniela 1.7).

Hebrai ṭawnga Daniela hming awmzia chu ‘Pathian chu ro min rel saktu a ni’ tihna a ni a, a Babulon (Akadian) hming Beltesazara erawh chu Babulon pathian ‘Bel (Marduk)-in a nun a veng’ tih lam a kâwk thung. Hanania hming Hebrai ṭawnga a awmzia chu ‘Jehova chuan khawngaihna a lantir’ tih a ni a; a Babulon hming Sadraka erawh chu an thla pathian (moon god) Aku thupek zawmna lam a kâwk a ni. Misaela Hebrai hming chu Pathian duhzawng leh nihna lam hawia vuah a ni a; a Babulon hming Mesaka erawh chu Babulon pathian Aku nihna leh duhzawng lam hawia vuah a ni thung. Azaria Hebrai hming awmzia chu ‘Jehova’n a pui’ tihna a ni a, a Babulon hming Abednego erawh chu Babulon pathian ‘Nebo (Neko) chhiahhlawh/bawih’ tih lam a kawk a ni.

India leh Mizoram dinhmun hi thlir ila. Bombay chu exonym a ni a, Mumbai erawh chu endonym a ni. Chutiang bawkin Madras chu exonym a ni a, Chennai chu endonym a ni thung. Aijal chu exonym a ni a, Aizawl chu endonym a ni. Lungleh chu exonym a ni a, Lunglei chu endonym a ni.

Entir nan, Mara ram dinhmun thlir bik ila. Mara ramah chuan ram, lui, dil, tlang, zawl, khua leh hmunhma hming tam takte chu exonym-a dah an lo ni deuh vek a.

EXONYM - ENDONYM

Saiha – Siaha

Tongkalong/Tawngkawlawng – Tôkalô

Zawngling – Zyhno

Lawngban – Palâ

Chakhang – Châkhei

Rawmibawk – Amôtlâh

Kawlchaw – Kaochao

Tuitlawk – Titlao

Mara hnam leh ṭawngte pawhin exonym a nei tam hle: Shindu, Shendu, Shandu, Shendoo, Lakher, Miram.

Khatianga Mizorama Mara hnam, Mara khua leh Mara ram hmingte exonym (Mizo) hminga an lo dah kha a chhan leh vang a awm a. Khatihlaia British Lushai Hills District-a official ṭawng chu Sap ṭawng ni mah sela, Mizo (Lushai) ṭawng kha zirna leh inbiak pawhna ṭawng ber atana hman a ni. Chuvangin, Mizo (Lushai) ṭawng kal dan zuiin Mara hmingte chu exonym-in an lo dah vek niin a lang. Tunah erawh chuan Mara ram chhunga exonym hming zawng zawng chu endonym-ah official-in thlak vek tawh a ni a, a lawmawm tak zet a ni.

Myanmar rama Chin state-a cheng Marate zîngah erawh chuan an ram, lui, dil, tlang, zawl, khua, hmunhma leh mihring hming tam takte exonym hming, Lai ṭawnga an lo dahte kha tun thlengin official taka hman a la ni rih. British Chin Hills District sawrkâr khan Lai (Hakha) ṭawng chu Hakha Subdivision-ah zirna leh inbiak pawhna ṭawng atan a hmang a, chuvâng chuan Lai ṭawng leh Lai hnam zia influence chu Myanmar Marate zîngah a nasa hle. Myanmar-ah federal democracy kalphung hmang sawrkar a lo din hunah chuan Mara endonym hmingte official-a hman theih tûrin an exonym hmingte chu thlak let vek an duh ang tih a rinawm.

Mizoram lam thlir leh ila. Mara rama exonym hmingte chu endonym-a thlak vek tawh a nih laiin, Mara ṭawng hmangtu ber ṭhenkhatte chuan an khua leh ram leh hmunhma exonym hming hluite kha an la hmang leh ṭhin; a bik takin Sap ṭawng leh Mizo ṭawng tea an inbiak laiin leh thu an sawi laiin. British hun lai leh India a zalên hnuah pawh Marate chuan Mara ṭawnga thu an sawiin Mara endonym hmingte an hmang ṭhin a; Sap ṭawng leh Mizo ṭawnga thu an sawi hunah erawh chuan an exonym hmingte an hmang ṭhin. Chutiang chuan kum rei tak chhung an lo hman tawh avangin Sap ṭawng leh Mizo ṭawnga thu sawi chuan exonym hming hman tur chu an thinlungah a nghet tawh ni berin a lang. Chutihlaiin, Non-Marate erawh chuan fimkhur tak leh zah takin Mara endonym hming–Siaha, Tôkalô, Zyhno, Châkhei, etc tiin sawi hram an tum ṭhin, sawi a harsat deuh pawhin. Hetianga non-Marate’n Mara endonym hmingte fimkhur tak leh zah taka hman an tum hi an fakawm tak zet a ni–an puitlinna nun a lang bawk.

A tawp berah chuan kan thupui lamah kir leh ila. Mara ṭawnga ’Palâ’ tih awmzia chu ‘lem’ tihna a ni a. ‘Palâ’ hi tonic solfa Mi Ray thlûka lam tûr a ni a, ‘pa’-a ‘a’ hi short vowel a ni a, ‘lâ’-a ‘a’ erawh hi chu long vowel a ni. A thawnthu tawite han sawi ila. ‘Palâ Dil’ hming hi, dil a insiam hmain he hmuna lo awm ṭhin saphai rûl lian tak chuan naupangte, kelte, uite leh arte a lem zel ṭhinna aṭanga lo chhuak dil hming a ni. Mizoram Legislative Assembly constituency pakhat hming atana ‘Palak Constituency’ tih hi Palâ Dil hming chawia siam a ni. ‘Palâ’ chu endonym a ni a, ‘Palak’ erawh chu exonym a ni a, Exonym ‘Palak’ hman avâng hian ‘Palâ’ hming awmzia chu a bo daih ta a ni. Mara rama ram, tlang, zawl, lui, dil, khua, bial leh hmunhma hming exonym-a koh ṭhinte chu endonym-ah thlak vek tawh a ni a, Palak Constituency hming erawh chu exonym hminga a la awm reng hi tu mawhphurhna nge ni ang? Mizoram sawrkar nge, Election Commission of India nge, Mara Autonomous District Council zawk nge?

A mawhphurtu chu tu pawh lo ni se, Palâ Tipo (Dil) hming aṭanga lo chhuak constituency hming exonym-a phuah a, ‘Palak’ tiha dah hi chu a dil, a ram leh a ṭawng neitute tan sawi nuam a ni lo hle ṭhin chauh ni lovin, an hnam leh ṭawng zah lohnaah pawh a ngaih theih a ni. Chuvang chuan, a hming bul leh dik endonym ‘Palâ’ hmangin ‘Palâ Constituency’ tiha siamṭhat leh ni se, a lawmawm hle ang. Hei hi Palâ hming awmzia humhalhna chauh ni lovin, constituency neihtu Mara hnam leh an ṭawng zahna lantîrtu pawimawh tak a ni bawk ang.

- Laiu Fachhai