Clan – Ethnicity – Race

Sapṭawnga clan, ethnicity leh race an tih hi Mizo ṭawngah chuan thliar hrang lem loin ‘hnam’ tiin kan chawhpawlh vekin a lang a–Sailo hnam, Paite hnam, Mizo hnam–Vai hnam, Sap hnam, etc. Chuvangin, a changah chuan sawi tum a ṭhelh hun a awm ṭhin. Pu J.F. Dailova pawhin race, ethnic/ethnicity leh clan te hi thliar hrang loin ‘hnam, chi, thlah’ tiin inangkhatin a dah vek a ni. Hemi chungchangah hian kan mithiamten an ziak tawh ngei ang a, he article-ah hian tawitein han tuihnih leh ila, a ninawm lutuk loh ang chu maw.

Khawvel ram hrang hranga clan, ethnicity leh race awm dan tlangpuiah chuan, race lian pakhat chhungah ethnic group-te a awm a. Ethnic group pakhat chhungah chuan clan-te a awm leh a, clan pakhat chhungah sub-clan leh family te a awm a ni. Mithiamte’n khawvela race an ṭhen hran dan a inang vek lo a. Race hlawm lian pathum awm anga pawmtute chuan khawvela race-te hi Mongoloid (Asian), African (hmanlaia Negro an tih) leh Caucasian (khawthlang/sap) tiin an ṭhen a. Hei hi Bible-in khawvel race inṭanna a sawi nen a inang hle. Nova fapa pathum zinga Zaphetha thlahte chu Caucasian an ni ang a, Hama thlahte African an ni ang a, Shema thlahte chu Mongoloid (oriental an tih bawk) te hi nih anga ngaih a ni.

Race pakhat hnuaiah chuan sub-race te a awm leh a. India-ah hian sub-race lian pathum awma sawi a ni: Mongoloid (India hmarchhak hnamte), Caucasian race of Indo-European group (India hmar lama hnamte) leh Dravidian (India chhim lama hnamte). Dravidian-te hi India sub-continent-a indigenous hnamte anga sawi a ni a, India hmarchhaka Khasi leh Jaintia hnamte hi Mongoloid stock-a Mon-Khmer sub-group nia sawi a ni a, Austroasiatic nia sawi a awm bawk. Assam-a Ahom, Khamti, Phake, Aiton, Khamyang leh Turung te hi Mongoloid stock-a Tai (Thai) sub-group nia sawi a ni a, India hmarchhak ethnic group dang zawng hi chu Mongoloid stock-a Tibeto-Burman sub-group hnuaiah dah a ni. Hmanlaia Chin-Kuki-Lushai an tih ṭhin Zo fate pawh hi Tibeto-Burman group pêng ni tura ngaih a ni. Zo fate hi a hlawma sawi dawn chuan, Mongoloid stock-a Tibeto-Burman sub-race chhunga sub-race chhawng leh an ni ang a, chumi chhungah chuan ethnic group-te an awm leh a, ethnic group pakhat chungah chuan clan-te an awm leh a ni.

Clan chu thlahtu inang leh inhnaih, Lai ṭawnga ‘phun’ an tih leh Mara ṭawnga ‘pho’ an tih hi a kâwk a, Zo fate khawvelah chuan hei hi family/surname atan an hmang hlawm a ni. Entir nan, Liana Khenglawt, Thanga Khiangte, etc. Clan lian deuhah chuan sub-clan te a awm bawk. Chuvangin clan, ethnicity leh race te thliar hrang lo a, Mizo ṭawnga ‘hnam’ tia chawhpawlh vek pumpelh theihna tur chuan, clan hi hnam tih nih lovin, Lai ṭawnga ‘phun’ an tih hi Mizo ṭawngah seng lut a, Khenglawt phun, Khiangte phun, etc tih nih se la, a chiang ṭha hle ang. Mizo ṭawng upaa ‘saphun’ tih hi he Lai ṭawnga ‘phun’ aṭanga rawn kal a ni thei.

Ethnicity hi chu Mizo ṭawnga ‘chi’ tih hian a nihna a kâwk ṭha hle. Clan hrang hrangte khawsak hona khua leh bial te chuan chi (ethnic group) an siam a, chu chite chuan hmun tam takah chuan ṭawng hran te an neih hlawm a ni. Entir nan, Hmar chi, Paite chi, etc. Ralte leh Fanai te hi hmanlaiah chuan chi (ethnic group) an nih ve ṭhin awm e. Tunah erawh chuan phun (clan) angin an awm tawh niin a lang. He kal dan hi zui a nih chuan, Mizo ṭawnga ‘hnam’ tih hi race leh sub-race sawina atan kan hmang bik tawh dawn a ni. Chutichuan, Khiangte phun, Pakhuangte phun, Lusei/Duhlian chi, Hmar chi, Mizo/Zo/Zofa hnam, etc tiin a kal ang a, a fiah vek tawh ang. Hnam chu pakhat, Mizo/Zo/Zofa hnam a nih ang a, chu hnam pakhat chhungah chuan chi leh phun te an awm ṭeuh dawn tihna a ni.

Hetianga hman dan hi tlângnel harsa tawh a nih chuan, Mizo ṭawnga ‘hnam’ kan tih hi Sapṭawnga ‘clan’ sawina atan chauh hman chhunzawm nih se la; ‘chi’ tih hi ethnicity sawina atan hman a, race leh sub-race hming tur phuah a ngai dawn ta a ni. Mizo ṭawng thiam leh sociologist leh anthropolist ten an phuah thiam em em ang.

Sawihona hawnna atan he article ziaktu hian rawtna han siam ve chhin ila, ngaih loh lam a nih lo ang chu maw. Race/sub-race hi Mizo ṭawngin ‘chihnam’ emaw, ‘hnamhlawm’ emaw, ‘hnampui’ emaw tih nih se la, a nihna a kâwk ṭha hlein a lang. Chutichuan, Khiangte hnam, Pakhuangte hnam, Lusei/Duhlian chi, Hmar chi, Mizo/Zo/Zofa chihnam/hnamhlawm/hnampui, etc tiin a kal thei ang. Zofa chihnam/hnamhlawm/hnampui chhungah chuan ṭawng hran neih chite (ethnic group) an awm ang a, chi pakhat chhungah chuan hnamte an awm dawn a ni.

“Tribe/tribal leh nation te khawiah nge i dah?” tia zawhna a awm thei. Tribe/tribal hi hnam leh chi nihna a ni lo. Hmasawnna rahbi (a stage of development) a ni zawk. Entir nan, Mizoram hi ram zalen (independent ram) ni ta se la, tribe/tribal ram a nih tawh lo ang. Nation pangngai a nih tawh zawk ang. Africa ram dinhmunah chuan tribe leh nation te hi thuhmuna ngaih a ni a; India ramah erawh chuan tribe/tribal hi hnam leh chi hnuhfual hming angin a kal tawh tlat a, chuvangin, India-ah chuan tribal nih chu a chhuanawm lo hle.

Hmarchhak Mongoloid hnamte hi hnam hnuhfual (tribal) nihna aṭanga graduate-a Marathi, etc hnamte anga hnam hlun leh hnam pangngai an nih thei. Nimahsela, hnam hnuhfual (tribal) hamṭhatna duhâmna avangin, hnam leh ram hnuhfual (tribal) nih an duh hlawm hmel rih hi maw. Sawi tak angin, ‘tribal’ tih hi India leh hmun ṭhenkhatah chuan hnam leh chi hnuhfual nihna dinhmun a kawh tlat avangin mithiam ṭhenkhatte chuan he term hi hmang tawh loin, ‘ethnic group’ tih emaw, ‘indigenous people’ tih emaw ṭawngkam te an hmang tawh zawk a ni.

Tlipna han sawi leh hram ila; clan, ethnicity leh race te hi chawhpawlha ‘hnam’ tia dah vek ai chuan, phun, chi, hnam tiin emaw, hnam, chi, chihnam/hnamhlawm/hnampui tiin emaw thliar hranga dah ta ila, a fiah ṭha hle a rinawm.

- Laiu Fachhai