Ka ziak kha ka ziak zo tawh’ versus ‘Ka review kha ka review zo tawh’

James Dokhuma (June 15, 1932–March 10, 2007) kha kum 1966-a Pu Laldenga leh a hote'n independence an puan khan independence thupuan sign-tu 64 zingah a tel ve a. March 14, 1968 khan Serlui chhuahah India sipaiin lo lambunin, hliam na tak a tuar a, bawihsawmtu nei lovin leichârah zan hnih leh ni khat a mu a, chuachhapah jail-ah tantir a la ni lehnghal. A hliam enkawl lohva a awm rei avangin a lung hial a ni awm e. Nowgong Special Jail-ah leh Gauhati District Jail-ah kum thum a tâng a. Lord Byron-a'n "Eternal Spirit is chainless mind" a lo tih angin a thinlung chu "Jail kawngkhar chuan a khar khum ve si lo" (Ṭawng Un Hrilhfiahna, Fourth Edition 2013) avangin tan ina a awm lai hian thawnthu pathum a ziak a, chungte chu–Rinawmin, Khawhar In leh Thla Hleinga Zan te a ni. June 21, 1971 khan tan in aṭanga chhuah zalen a lo ni ta.

Ama'n 'Thla Hleinga Zan' lehkhabu thuhmahruaiah, "Thla Hleinga Zan chawia ka thawnthu ziak hi Nowgong Special Jail-a ka tân ṭan tirh lama a bul ka ṭan a ni a. Kum 1969 May thla niin ka hria. Thawnthu ziak ngai reng reng lovin ka vawi khat ziak vena a nih avangin mi thil hre zau leh chinchang hre zawk tan chuan belhchian a dâwl loh turzia chu hre phak ve siin, a aia ṭha thiam ang lawi si lovin, ka han ziak ve chawr a. Mahse, ka ziak zawh hmain Gauhati District Jail lama min thawn leh rih tak avang leh kum khat dawn lai Jail Office-ah min hrensak avangin ka chhunzawm thei ta lo a. Office aṭanga ka lak chhuah leh theih hma chuan thawnthu dang 'Rinawmin' tih leh 'Khawhar In' tih chu ka ziaksan leh rih a. Nakinah zawng jail aṭanga ka lak chhuah theih tak avangin hun leh ni te chuan min rengdim thiam a, ka tharthawh leh thei ta a. Mite lo ngaiha a chhiat a ṭhat tur pawh dâwn chang lovin mahni mâwl ang angin ka han khual chau chem thliah chawt mai a ni," tiin, a thawnthu pahnih leh Thla Hleinga Zan lo pian chhuah dan a ziak (Thla Hleinga Zan, 3rd Edition–1998). 'Thla Hleinga Zan' hi hun eng nge maw ti chhung college zirlai atan hman a ni nghe nghe.

'Thla Hleinga Zan' lehkhabu hi Peter Lianhleia'n (1945–1997) 'Thu leh Hla' chanchinbu 1978 March thla chhuakah a review a, "A tawp berah chuan James Dokhuma hian kaihhruai a ngai rih tih a lang a. Ṭawngkam leh thumal hrang tam tak a hman te, kan Mizo nun, pi leh pu hmasang titi leh thawnthu a hriatte hi ṭangkai taka hman dan chu a awm ngei ang. Zirna nei sang vak lo thawnthu ziak hmasak berah chuan iaiawm tak chu a ni lo va, mahse, college-a Mizo ṭawng leh literature zirna sang ber BA zir atan em chuan a iaiawm lo thei lo, a thlak thuai tur a aia ṭha neih thuai a duhawm deuh a ni," tiin. Hei hi Lazuia Colney chuan a lo hmuhin James Dokhuma thlavang hauh pahin hetiang hian 'Thu leh Hla' chanchinbu, 1998 April chhuakah a ziak a, "...Pu Lianhleia'n a sawi hi âwm ka ti ve nual a. Mahse, college zir atan hian iaiawm se, iaiawm lo chu khawiah nge? Pu Lianhleia hian a book review hi rawn bei ṭha leh se la ka duh ngawt mai" a ti. Mahse, Peter Lianhleia chuan, "Ka review kha ka review zo tawh," a ti mai a ni awm e.

James Dokhuma khan Peter Lianhleia thu ziak a lo hmuh khan a rilru a na deuh a ni ang, 'Thu leh Hla' chanchinbu vek, 1979 September thla chhuakah, "Mahnilomaha ka lo insita ka zir san loh avanga lo zak rilru ngawih ngawih ṭhin, khatia kan mi thiam berte zinga miin min han vuak takah phei kha chuan, keini ang rual tan chuan mahni thiam ang tawk tawka a dang ziak leh tur pawhin min tiphûr (encourage) lo hle mai... Mizo zingah hian ziaktu dang an awm loh thuah mithiam zawkte cho chhuah nan kan ziak ve chauh a ni a. Mahse, cho chhuah a hnehin kan mi thiamte hlei hlei chuan min lo ngainêp ta si em ni tih tura ṭawngkam an han neih zauh phei hi chuan keini ang rual zawngin tih leh ngam chi a ni lo vang," a ti hial a ni (Zalenna Ram, Fourth Edition–2016). James Dokhuma rilru nâ leh beidawng aw hre mah ila, a rilru natna avanga a kawlawm chawltir mai lo va, hetiang thil a thlen hnu leh a boral inkarah lehkhabu a la ziak chhun zawm zel leh thawnthu a la phuah chhun zawm zel kha a ropui ngawt mai.

Peter Lianhleia'n, "Ka review kha ka review zo tawh" tia a ziah kha Pilata'n, "Ka ziak kha ka ziak zo tawh" a tih min hriat chhuahtir a. Chanchin Ṭha Johana ziak atanga kan hmuh angin Isua Krista zirtir zinga mi Juda Iskariota chuan sipai pawl, puithiam lalte leh pharisaite hnena awm tiang kengtute hruaiin Isua manin an phuar a. Kaiapha puzawn Ana hnenah an hruai hmasa ber a, Kaiapha in aṭangin lal inah an hruai leh a. Juda-te'n an kût pawimawh Kalhlên Kût chaw ei theih loh an hlauh vangin lal inah luta intihbawlhhlawh duh lovin Pilata a lo chhuak zawk a. 'Kalhlên' tih hi JF Laldailova chuan 'Kalkhahlen' tih zawk tur nia a ngaih thu a ziak (Bible Thlirna, 2003). Hetih hun lai hi Zirtawpni zingkar a ni nghe nghe.

Lalin, "He mi chungah hian thu pawi eng nge in neih?" tia zawhna a zawh chu anni chuan, "He mi hi misual ni suh se la i hnenah kan rawn hruai lo vang," an ti a. Pilata chuan, "Nangni’n hruai ulangin, in dan angin a thu rel rawh u," a lo ti sam êt a. Juda-te chuan, "Keini thuin mi tu mah tihhlum dan a awm lo," tiin an chhang a; Juda-te hian tihhlum an tum nghal hle tih a rin theih. Pilata'n Isua chu a dâwp ṭan ta a; "Juda-te lal i ni em?" tiin a zawt a. Isua’n, "Hei hi nangma rilru puak chhuaka i sawi nge, mi dangin an hrilh che, ka chungchang thu hi?" tiin a zawt let. Helai thu han chhiar hian Pilata zawhna zawh dan hmang leh mitmeng, chezia leh hawiher hian a chhanna nei lawkin Isua’n a hmu a ni mai thei.

Pilata'n, "Kei Juda ka ni em ni? Nangma chite leh puithiam lalte’n ka hnena an rawn hruai che a nih hi; thil eng nge i tih?" a ti a. Isua’n a lalram chu khawvela mi a nih loh thuin a chhang. Chutah Pilata chuan "Chu! Lal i ni elo?" a ti a. Isua chuan lal a nih thu leh tthutak hriattir tura khawvela lo kal a nih thuin a chhang. Pilata hian thutak a hriat loh avangin Isua a zawt a; mahse, Isua’n a chhang lo. Johana ziakah thutak chu amah Isua Krista a nih thu kan hmu. "Kei hi kawng leh thutak leh nunna ka ni," a ti bawk. Mahse, Pilata hi chuan a hre thiam lo hle ang tih a rin theih. Modernism-in thudik/thutak chu objective angin a ngai a, "Khawvel kan hriat thiam dan leh thil engkim (reality) mai hian bulpui leh bupui, nihna ril leh nihna tak, bulṭhut leh innghahna (essence, center) neia rinna leh zawnna chu logocentricism a ni a, Metaphysic of Presence tih pawha hriat a ni. Chutianga hriatna zawng zawng leh thil engkim a bul leh tawp chu logos, thu, Pathian rilru...a ni e tih rinna a ni tiin GV Spivak chuan a hrilhfiah," (Tunlai Khawvel Thlirna, The Postmodern World: An Overview of Posmodernism and its Effect in Comtemporary Societies, 2024).

Pilata hian Isua thiam loh chantir tur khawpa sual a hmuh loh avangin engmah a sualna a hmuh loh thu ṭum thum a sawi a. A sawi ṭum khatna thlen hnuah vuaka hrem a chhuah leh mai a tum a ni ang; a vua a, sipate'n hling lukhum an khumtir a, puan senduk an sintir a, "Juda-te lal" tiin an beng bawk. Rom ho khan mi vuak dan chi thum–na vak lo aṭanga na taka vuak dan an nei a chu chu a indawt danin: fustigato, flagellatio leh verberatio te a ni. Khawi ber hmang hian nge an vuak kan hre lo va; mahse, thil thlen dan enin vuak dan na lo ber chi fustigato dana vuak a nih hmel hle. A chhan chu Juda-te tihlawm nan maia vuaa hrem a nih hmel avangin (Andrew's Bible Commentary).

A sualna a hmuh loh thu bawk Pilata'n a sawi leh a. Mipuite chuan "Krawsah khêng bet rawh, krawsah khêng bet rawh," tiin an au va. Sualna nei lo ni na nâ nâ hrem thu a awm si lo. "Nangnin kalpui ula, krawsah keng bet rawh u; kei zawngin engmah a sualna ka hmu si lo," tiin Pilata'n mipuite chu a ṭum hnihna atan a hrilh leh a. Johana ziak ni lo hmun dangah Isua kha Galili rama roreltu Herod Antipas-a hnenah a inlan thu kan hmu bawk. Heroda pawh hian a sualna a hmuh loh avangin Pilata hnenah hruai leh a ni. Pilata hian chhuah zalen a tum zel a, mahse, mipute lahin an nawr thiam si a; "Hemi hi i thlah chuan Kaisara ṭhian i ni lo vang; tu pawh lal insiam apiang Kaisara do an ni," an ti ta mai si a. "Kaisara lo lal dang kan nei lo," an la ti ta deuh deuh va!

He thu hian Daniela bu aṭanga kan hmuh Judate tana Pathianin zangaihna hun a pek kum 490 ral ṭêp tawh chu min hriat chhuahtir a. Kum 490 hi kum 2300-a khung tel tur a nih avangin a chhiar ṭanna pawh a inang tur a ni–chu chu 457 BC. Tichuan, AD 34-a tawp tur a ni. Ellen G. White-i'n, "Heta hapta khat hi Judate tana hapta sawmsarih ruat bik zinga a hnuhnung ber kha a ni a. Hemi AD 27–34 inkarah hian amah ngeiin a bikin Judate chu sim turin a ti a. A hnuah a zirtirte'n an ngen leh bawk. Lalram chanchin ṭha nena chhuak zirtirte hnena chhandamtu thupek chu, 'Jentailte kawngah kal suh ula, Samari mite khua reng reng pawh lut suh ang che u; amaherawhchu, Israel hnam beram bote hnenah chuan kal zawk ang che u,' tih a ni (Matthaia 10:5, 6). Juda mite tan bika ruat hapta 70 (emaw kum 490) chu kan hmuh ang khan kum AD 34-ah a tawp a. Khatih lai khan Sanhedrin thupekin Judate chuan Stefana martarna leh Krista zuitute tiduhdahin chanchin ṭha an hnarna chu an nemnghet a. Tichuan, mi thlan bikte tana ruat chhandamna thuchah chu khawvel puma pek a lo ni ta a ni, tiin a lo ziak bawk (Thuziak Hmasate, 2006).

Isua an puhna zawng zawng kha thihna chu sawi loh hrem tura evidence ṭha leh rintlak pakhat mah a awm lo. Justice James C. McRurer-a chuan, "Khawvel rorelna chanchinah hian roreltuin, 'Eng mah a sualna ka hmu lo' a tih hnua amah vekin thiam loh chanter a, tihhlum tura a pek leh tak hi Isua chungchangah lo chuan hmuh tur a awm lo ang," a ti. Frank J. Powell-a paw'n, "Judate leh Rom sawrkar chuan an rorelna chu dik tak niin an sawi thin a. Isua chungchangah erawh chuan an ti dik lo ve ve a ni. A khawi ve ve pawhin dik takin ro an relsak lo a, dikna chu an kengkawh lo. Nazareth Isua, Juda-te Messia, khawvel chhandamtu chu an that," tiin a sawi chhuak hial (Revd Chuauṭhuama, 'Aw Tlang Mawi Kalvari', 2014).

Pontia Pilata kha Judai ram awptu leh roreltu niin AD 26–36 chhung Governor a ni a. Bible pawn lama chanchin ziaktu Tacitus-a chuan Pilata'n Isua a khenbehtir thu a ziak (Tacitus, Annals 15:44). Pilata khan a lalna chhunzawm zel a duhna chuan dikna pawh laltira dik taka rorel ngam lovin mipuite thu leh hla a dah lian zawk avangin mifel Isua Krista chu 'Luruh Hmun' an tih, Aramaik ṭawnga Golgotha an tih, Latin ṭawnga 'Calvari/Kalvari' an tih, 'Calvarium' aṭanga lak ni bawka kenbeh turin thu a pawtchat ta nih kha! (Zoṭawng Bible Dictionary, Second Edition–2013; 'Aw Tlang Mawi Kalvari', 2014).

He Pilata hi "Rom lalber leh mipui thinrim pungkhawmte chu tihlawm ve ve a tumna lamah, tihlawm ve ve a hnehin a tu ve mah mah a tilawm lo ta zawk a. A nihna leh zahawmna zawng zawng pawh hlihsak vek niin, France rama Gaul-ah tântir a ni a. A tawpah phei chuan a rilru beidawn em avangin a intihlum ta hial a ni," (Puitling Sabbath School Lesson, Fourth Quarter (Oct–Dec); Chanchin Ṭha Johana Ziak Thupui Hrang Hrangte, 2024). Isua kengbeh tura thupek petu mah ni se, Pilata'n lehkha ziakin Isua an khenbehna kraws lêra bel tur "Nazareth Isua–Judate lal" tiin a ziak. Iesus Nazarenus Rex ludaeorum hi INRI tiin a lam tawiin kan hmu thin a; Latin ṭawnga "Nazareth Isua–Judate lal" tihna a ni. Mahse, Judate puithiam lalte chuan Pilata hnenah, "Judate lal, tiin ziak suh, 'Judate lal ka ni a ti' tiin ziak zawk rawh,” an ti a. Pilata erawhin, "Ka ziak kha ka ziak zo tawh," tiin a lo chhang a ni (Mizo Study Bible: Thuthlung Hlui leh Thuthlung Thar, 2021).

Pilata'n, "Ka ziak kha ka ziak zo tawh" a tih leh Peter Lianhleia'n, "Ka review kha ka review zo tawh" a tih hi author-centred approach leh text-centred approach dahṭhain, reader response criticism/reader-centred approach tarmit vuahin han bih thuak ta ila. A chhan chu a ziaktu Johana sawi tum leh a thuin a sawi tum tak ka chian bik loh avangin a chhiartu keima hmuh dan hmangin ka sawi dawn a, a ziaktu leh a thuin a tum tak ka thihtir dawn a nih ber chu. "There is no meaning in word, meaning is in people," "There is no truth, only interpretation," an lo tih ve bawk kha.

Pilata khan Isua Krista chezia, nungchang, zawhna a chhan dan leh a thil lo tih tawhte ngun taka ngaihtuah chungin misual niin a hmu lo. Thi tura hrem tur phei chuan tihsual a neih loh thuah a chiang hle niin a ngaih theih. Isua Judate lal ni ngeiin a hre bawk. Isua an khenbehna kraws lêra tar turah 'Nazareth Isua, Judate Lal' tiin a ziak ta reng a ni. Postmodernism tarmit vuah chung phei chuan a hmuh dan leh hriat dan kha amah a dik hliah hliah a ni ang tih a rin theih. Juda puithiam lalte'n 'Judate lal ka ni a ti' tia ziak zawk tura an râwn pawhin a vawn lai chu dik hle a a ngaih avangin 'Ka ziak kha ka ziak zo tawh' tiin a ṭang kawh tlat a; ziah ṭhat emaw siam ṭhat emaw a tum lo bur niin a ngaih theih. Hetiang chiah hian Peter Lianhleia pawh khan, 'Thla Hleinga Zan' thawnthu aṭangin James Dokhuma a hmuh dan chu ziak chhuakin chanchinbuah a tarlang a. A hmuh dan kha mi dangte hmuh dan nen a innan loh avang main tihdanglam emaw, ziah ṭhat emaw a tum lo tih kan hre thei. Lalzuia Colney-in ziak ṭha leh tura a râwn pawhin, 'Ka review kha ka review zo tawh' a ti mai a ni.

He thu aṭang hian reader response criticism hi a zalenin a mi mal thu leh hla hle tih a hriat theih a; dan leh hrai awm lohna hun leh hmun postmodern world-ah min thawhpui thei niin a ngaih theih. Chutihrual erawh chuan, thu hi a nung a, a chhiartuah thu awmze dang leh hrilhfiahna dang hmangin a inlar thei tih a chiang bawk. He ka thuziak ngei pawh hi chutiang chu a ni ang. Pilata leh Peter Lianhleia dungthûlin, ‘Ka ziak chu ka ziak zo ta!’

- Zoliansanga Tlau