MARA ṬAWNG

Ziaka Mara ṭawng awm hmasa ber chu Arakan Hill Tracts Deputy Commissioner Maj. Gwynne W Hughes ziah a ni awm e. Kum 1881 khan a lehkhabu The Hill Tracts of Arkan-ah Mara hnam leh Mara ṭawng chanchin tawitê a ziak a, Roman script hmangin Mara hawrawp eng emaw zat a ziak tlar a ni. Kum 1908-ah khan Lunglei (Fort Lungleh) khuaa mission station nei, Arthington Mission-a thawktu FW Savidge chuan Roman script hmangin Mara alphabet a siam a, A Grammar and Dictionary of the Lakher Language tih lehkhabu pawh a chhuah a ni. Hei hi Lushai Hills District-a (tuna Mizoram state ni tawh) lehkhabu chhuah hmasa ber a ni awm e.

Hmar lama Lusei ṭawng hmangtute chuan Marate chu Lakher tiin an ko ṭhin a, chu chu British sawrkar pawhin Mara official hming atan a hman avangin hmanlaia lehkhabu chhuahah te leh official lehkhaah te chuan Mara chu Lakher tia dah a ni a, Mara ṭawng chu Lakher ṭawng tia ziah a ni ṭhin. Marate erawh chuan Lakher tiin anmahni leh anmahni an inkoh ngai lo thung. Forth Lungleha Arthington Mission leh a hnua Serkawna Baptist Missionary Society leh Aizawl lama Welsh Presbyterian Mission te khan ṭawng dang hmang Mara ramah rawngbawl a tum lo va, chuvangin Savidge khan eng atan nge Mara alphabet leh Mara grammar leh dictionary kha a siam tih hriat a ni lo. A alphabet siam pawh chu hman zui a ni ta lo a ni.

Marate zinga chanchin ṭha hril turin kum 1905 February 11 khan London-ah Lakher Pioneer Mission (LPM) din a ni a. Chutichuan missionary hmasa ber Rev Reginald Arthur Lorrain leh a ṭhiannu Pi Moud Louise Ulander Lorrain te chu kum 1907 September 26-ah Mara ram Tlôsai (Saikao) khua an rawn thleng a. Lorrain chuan a kum lehah Roman script hmangin hawrawp 24 nei Mara alphabet a siam nghal a. Tun hnaiah khan Board of Mara Literature, Mara Autonomous District Council (MADC) chuan hawrawp pakhat, Â a belh a, chutichuan hei hi tunlaia Mara alphabet hman mekte chu a ni: A Â AW Y B CH D E F H I K L M N NG O Ô P R S T U V Z. Savidge siam Mara alphabet leh Lorrain siam Mara alphabet inan lohna tlem awm mah se, a tlangpuiin an inang a, Lorrain khan Savidge Mara alphabet kha a hmang em tih erawh hriat a ni lo.

Vowel sound 16 a awm a, chungte chu A Â AW Y E I O Ô U AI AO YU EI IA IE UA te a ni. Mizo vowel sound-te nen a inang tlangpui. Lukhum nei ‘â’ (lâ) hi Sapṭawng ‘father’ thumala ‘a’ anga lam tur a ni a, ‘y’ (by) hi Sapṭawnga ‘ay’ (bay) lam dan nen a inhnaih. Lukhum nei lo ‘o’ (po) hi Sapṭawng pot-a ‘o’ lam dan nen a inhlat vak lo a, lukhum nei ‘ô’ (kô) hi Mizo ‘o’ (lo) anga lam tur a ni. ‘Ao’ (tao) hi Sapṭawng too-a ‘oo’ anga lam tur a ni a, ‘yu’ (chyu) hi Mizo ‘o’ (cho) nen a inhlat lutuk lo. ‘Ie’ (pie) hi Mizo ‘i’ (pi) anga lam tur a ni. Mara ‘i’ chu Sapṭawng sit-a ‘i’ anga lam tur a ni.

Awmna ram leh hmun azirin Mara dialect leh accent (Mara ṭawng chîn dân bîk leh aw phawi bik) a awm nual a, Tlôsai (Saikao) dialect/accent chu Mara lingua franca (official language) atan hman a ni. Hei hi MADC official ṭawng a ni a, MADC hnuaia school-tea subject pawimawh pakhata zirtir a ni. Bible, hlabu leh lehkhabu leh article ziahna atana hman ṭawng a ni bawk. Vawiina “Mara ka ni e” titute leh Mara ṭawng hmangtute population chu khawvel pumpui (India, Myanmar, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, USA, Canada, Europe, etc.)-ah 1,30,000 rual vel an ni ang. Mara ṭawng a awm a, Bible leh hlabu te Mara ṭawngin a awm avangin, India sawrkar chuan hnam hran an nihna a pawmpui (recognize) a, mahnia ro inrelna Autonomous District Council (ADC) pawh Marate tana pek a ni.

Lakher Pioneer Mission missionary-te thawhrimna zarah Mara Thuthlung Thar chu kum 1928 khan chhuah a ni a, Mara Holy Bible (Thuthlung Hlui leh Thuthlung Thar inkawp) chu 1956-ah chhuah a ni thung. Mara Bible hi hmanlaia Chin-Kuki-Lushai tia hriat ṭawngte zinga chhuah hmasa ber Bible a ni a, revision pawh vawi hnih lai siam a ni tawh. Chin-Kuki-Lushai ṭawng dangte Bible neih kum tarlan ve ila a ṭha awm e. Mizo (The Lushai Bible tia hriat ṭhin, 1959), Hmar (1968), Kuki (1971), Paite (1971), Tedim (1977), Hakha/Lai (1978), Biate (1985), Bâwm (1989), Falam (1991), Gangte (2010). Heng Bible-te leh ṭawng dang Bible-te pawh YouVersion online-ah chhiar theih an ni a, a download theih bawk.

Mara ṭawng danglam bik riauna pakhat chu, thumal zawng zawng vowel-in a tawp vek hi a ni. Hetiang ṭawng hi Zo fate ṭawng zingah a tam lo awm e. Burmese, Angami leh Japan ṭawngtea thumalte pawh vowelin a tawp deuh vek a, nimahsela, Mara ṭawng anga a zawng zawnga vowel-a tawp vek chu a ni lo. Mara ṭawng hi thlûk pathum nei (three-tonal language) a ni a, chung thlukte chu tonic solfa-a doh ray mi thlukte zui a ni. Entir nan, he article ziaktu hming Laiu hi ray ray thluka lam tur a ni a, pachhana (chhandamna) chu ray ray mi thluka lam tur a ni. Siaha district aṭanga MLA-te Dr Beichhua hming hi mi doh thluka lam tur a ni a, Pu Hrahmo hming hi doh doh thluka lam tur a ni. Thumalte chu, a bik takin mono syllable thumalte chu a lam dan thluk azirin awmze hran a nei vek a. Entir nan, ‘lai’ hi mi thlûkah chuan ‘chuangtlai, chuangbâng’ tihna a ni a, ray thlûkah ‘lian’ tihna a ni a, doh thlukah chuan ‘awm, chêng’ tihna a ni.

Mara ṭawng ziak dan tharah chuan thlûk hniam doh thlûk chhinchhiah nan thumal tawpnaah ‘h’ belh a ni a, ray thluk leh mi thlukte erawh chu chhinchhiahna dah a ni ve lo, a context aṭanga hriat tura beisei a ni. ‘Mara’ tih hi, a nihna dik takah chuan ‘Marâh’ (ray doh) tia ziah tur leh lam tur a ni. ‘Ma’ thumala ‘a’ hi ‘Manipur’ tih thumala ‘a’ rik dan anga lam tur a ni a, ‘râh’ thumala ‘âh’ hi Mizo thumal ‘dah’ (dah rawh) thumala ‘ah’ rik dan ang lam tur a ni. Mara sentence kal dan chu oriental ṭawngte angin SOV (subject, object, verb) kal dan a ni: Aizawl mo Siaha lâ ama vaw tlyh (Aizawl mi Siaha-ah an lo zin).

Mara hming chuan syllable pahnih a neih tlangpui. Hmeichhia hming leh mipa hming hriat hranna atan hming tawpnaah ‘i’ leh ’a’ dah a ni ve lo. Hming phuah dan leh awmzia aṭangin hmeichhia hming leh mipa hming a hriat hran theih. Marate tan chuan an hmuh veleh Sâhchai (sang ber) chu mipa hming a ni tih an hre nghalh a, Pawngia (parmawi) pawh hmeichhia hming a ni tih an hre nghal.

“Khawvel ṭawng zawng zawng hre kim vek mah la, mahni hnam ṭawng i thiam loh chuan saltânna a ni a, mahni hnam ṭawng leh ṭawng dangte i thiam kawp erawh chuan thiltihtheihna a ni,” (Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, Kenyan Author, Academic, and Activist).

Mara ṭawnga thu tlemte:

Ka lawm e (Ei châ ly kaw)

I dam em (Na tlâh ma?)

In awm em (Nama y ma?)

I hmel a ṭha (Na hmi a pha kaw/ Na chhithai kaw)

Chaw in siam tui hle mai (Pati nama chhoh thai ngâsâ)

A tui khawp mai (A pahâh ngâsâ)

Mara ṭawng ka thiam (Mara reih ei thai)

Mang ṭha aw (Mâ pha sy)

Dam takin aw (Atlâhpa ta sy)

- Laiu Fachhai