Mizoram economy leh environment

Enironmental Kuznet’s Curve leh Mizoram

Kum 1955 khan economist pakhat Kuznet-a chuan Environmental Kuznet’s Curve (EKC) tih theory hi a lo ngaihtuah chhuak a. Chu EKC chuan ram economy ṭhan laia mi hausa leh retheite inkar hlat dan leh ramchhung environment-in a tawrh dan a tarlang a ni.

EKC theory-in sawi a tum ber chu a thawh khatna (Stage I)-ah chuan ram economy a hausa lovin industry a tlem a, ramin sum a thawk chhuak tam lo a ni. Hemi a nih rual hian ram environment erawh a thianghlimin boruakah leh tuiahte bawlhhlawh a tlem thung a ni. Mizoram hi EKC-ah chuan a thawh khatnaah kan awm a tih theih awm e.

A thawh hnihna (Stage II)-ah ram chhungah industry-te a rawn tam chhovin ram chhung economy a rawn ṭhang nasa em em a, ei leh bara intodelh mai ni lovin ram pawn thlengin a thawn chhuakin a hralh thei ta a, hei hian ram chhung sum leh paiah mahni intodelhna leh ṭhan len zelna atan hma nasa takin a sawnpui thei ta a ni. Amaherawhchu, economy a ṭhan theihna atan ramngaw tam tak tihchereu a ni a. Entirnan- industry bunna atana leilung tihchereute, bungraw phurh (chawk luh leh thawnchhuahna) atana kawng laih leh siam te, kawlphethaa intodelhna atana lui khuapte leh solar plant siam a nih mai bakah, he’ng industry te hian bawlhlawh ṭawih thei lo leh kan leilung tichhiaa a lei ṭhatna tida thei chi tam tak an paih reng bawk a, boruak hrisel lo a hrin chhuahte nen naasa takin kan environment-in a tuar phah ta ṭhin a ni.

A thawh thhumna (Stage III)-ah ve thungah hi chuan ram chu nasa takin a lo intodelh tawh a, hausak belh zelna atana ramngaw tihchereu a ngaih lutuk tawh loh bakah a siam chhuah lam ai mahin he’ng Tertiary Sector kan tih mai - education, banking, healthcare, tourism leh service dang hrang hrang bungrua kan leina ni lo, amaherawhchu kan khawsakna atana ṭangkai si-ahte hian a insawrbing thei bawk a ni. Tertiaty sector-a ṭhanna hi chu a thawh hnihnaah pawh a lo thleng thei bawk. Heti a nih avang hian ramin a thawh hnihnaa environment a lo tihchereute kha tung ding leh turin nasa takin hna a thawkin, a thawh hnihna avanga a hausakna kha a hmang ṭangkai ta ṭhin a, environment-in zia lam a rawn pan leh ta ṭhin a ni.

Mizoram Leilung leh EKC

Mizoram hi tlang ram (90-95%), a leilung pawh naupang leh nghet lo tak a ni a. Mithiamte chhût danin kan leilung hi a la chein leiminte hi a la tam dawn chauh nia chhut a ni bawk. Chuvang chuan tlangpanga construction liantham neihte hi a rem lovin sum a heh bik em em bakah kan lui dungah lei paih ho a tla lehzel bawk a, kan lui tui neih chhunte a tibawlhhlawh em em a ni (NHIDCL kawng laihin lui a tihbawlhlawh dan aṭang hian a hriat mai awm e).

Mizoram hi a thawh hnihnaa han pakai tur hian kan leilungin a mil lo a tih theih a. Industry lian tak han bun turin mipui kan tam lo em em a, kan natural resource te pawhin a daih dawn lo tih a hriat mai awm e. He’ng lei ṭha alluvial soil kan tih angte hi a awm ve mang meuh loh avangin raw material kan tih mai - thil dang han siamchhuah lehna tur, agriculture hmanga thar chhuah ngaite hi kan thar chhuak tam hlei thei lo a ni. A thawh hnihnaah zuan luh ṭalh tum ta ila kan ramngaw nasa takin kan tichereu ang a, bungraw chawk luh nan kan kawngte'n a zir loh avang leh tlang ram kan lo nihnaah ram dang aiin kan inséng nasa bawk dawn a ni. Chu industrialization chu lo thleng ta se environment a tihchhiat theihna tam tak kan sawite khi a lo thleng ang a, State dang kan siam chhuah ang siam chhuak vete nen a man tih tlawmah te leh a quality-ah te kan inel ang a, anni a siamna atana lo inseng tlem zawk na na na chuan a man an titlawm zawk ngei ang, chu chuan Cost Efficiency ah kan pha dawn lo tih a tilang. Keini’n a hrana kan lo siam ve ai chuan Mizoram pawna mi chawk luh mai hlawk zawk thil hi tam tak a awm a, chu chu economists te chuan Absolute/Comparative Advantage tiin an phuah a ni.

Mizoramah hian leilung tichhe zawnga hmasawn zel kan tum chuan he EKC-a a thawh hnihna hlawhtlinpui zo chuang si lo, environment tichhe ve ting tang si, economy-in a hlawkpui chuan si loh hian kan awm thei a ni. A thawh thumna kan thlen zawh ve loh hi a hlauhawm em em a ni. EKC hi keini mipuite leh kan ram hruaitute hian an hmelhriat lo pawh a ni mai thei a, amaherawhchu he EKC hi thil thleng tawh, thleng mek leh la thleng zel tur sawifiahtu mai a ni a. Mizoram-a Forest Conservation (Amendment) Act, 2023 te, kan rail kawng neih tharte, NHIDCL kawngte leh Assam Rifles ho chhuahsan ram sáwngbàwl kan tum dante thlir chuan EKC thawh hnihna hi kan pan dawn hnai a ang em em a, Industrialization hi a rawn thleng chho ang em tih erawh hriatthiam a har. Kan sawi tawh angin Mizoram hi a leilung avangin construction lian tham thleng tur chuan tihchereu a ngai nasa bik tih a hriat a ni. EKC thawh hnihna chu lo hlawhtling ta tehreng pawh ni ta se, ‘Mizoram, a leilung leh environment nasa taka lo tihchereu tawh hi chhan tlak a la awm ang em?’ tih hi zawhna lian tak a ni dawn ta a ni.

Mizoram tan eng nge ṭha ta ang?

Mizoram hi Assam, Manipur, Tripura, Bangladesh leh Myanmar te nena inṭhenawm kan ni a. Ramri, excise leh custom duties-ah buaina leh dan lek a nih apiangin ram chhungin a tuar. Hei hian ei leh bara kan la intodelh lohzia a tilang. Agriculture-ah mipui tam zawk kan la innghat angin lang mah se eizawn nan leh chhungkaw chawm nana hmang tak tak chu kan tam lo telh telh a ni. Secondary sector kan tih mai – quarry, mining, manufacturing industry, construction leh a dangte- hian kum khatah ram sum lakluh zawng zawng (GSDP) zaa sawmthum chho (approx. 30%) a thawh chhuak a, a ṭhang ve bek bek bawk. Tertiary sector kan tih tâkte hian a thawh hlawk berin tourism, leh finance te hi kan ram economy ṭhantir theitu lian tak a la ni dawn tih a lang.

Mizote’n kan ni tin mamawh, a bikin ei leh inah te hian mahni intodelh tum ila, terrace farming-in a mil tur thei leh thlaite hi chin uar a ṭha bawk. Tlang ram kan nihnaah agriculture aia horticulture hlawk zawkna hrethiamin pawm thiam ila, kan hmarchate hi ṭawngka maia a thakzia sawi ai chuan lab lamah grading pekte uar zel ila, organic farming uarin, Mizo lo neih dan (shifting cultivation), ram kan hàl a, a lei a da ta maw kan tih hnua ram dang hàl leh zelte hi chin loh atan a hlawk thlak ang. Tourism hi promote tum zel ila, amaherawhchu, hnam inchim ralna thleng thei tur erawh kan ven a pawimawh hle. Tui, kawlphetha leh bawlhlawh sawngbawlna lama kan inrelbawlna leh kan intodelhna chuan ram hmasawnna atana a ruhrel pawimawh tak a din thei a ni. Kan ram leilung hi kan duh angin kan vawrh thei lo a nih pawhin kan mihring thiamna leh theihnate (human resource) hi hralhchhuah tlak leh thawnchhuah tlakin kan chher hriam thei a ni, hei hian Remittances hmangin nasa takin ram a chawm thei a ni.

Tuna kan issue tharlam berte zinga mi Assam Rifles ho chhuahsan ram kan sawrkarin sawngbawl a tum danah erawh hi chuan ramngaw eng emaw chen chu kan tihchereu a ngai vet hung a. Hetiang development lian tham atana environment-in tlema zawng a lo tawrh ve hi khawvela khawi ram mah hian an pumpelh hleih theih loh a ni tih pawh I hre tlang ang u.

- H.Lalrintluanga, Pachhunga University College-a B.A. Economics (VI Semester)