FCAA 2023 leh Article 371G hi politics game khelhna atan kan hmang chhunzawm zel dawn em?

Forest (Conservation) Amendment Act, 2023 Mizorama hmang tura resolution pass a nih aṭang khan pawl leh political party ṭhenkhatte chuan tun thlengin an dodalna an la lantir chhunzawm zel a, MNF party phei chuan Mizoram pumah total bandh an nei a. Political party, FCAA dodaltu ber MNF hian Article 371G changchawiin FCAA Mizorama hman ve hi a him lo tiin, Mizoram hralhna ang hialah an chhuah a. Engpawhnise, FCAA 2023 dodaltute khawsazia leh Article 371G hi han thlûr bing teh ang.

Article 371G bihchiang uluk zual ila

Tun hnaiah MNF party-te’n Article 371G an sawi vung thar leh hluai mai a, Article 371G-ah hian eng nge inziak, eng nge a awmzia tih te han pho chhuak ila.

“371G. Special provision with respect to the State of Mizoram Notwithstanding in this Constitution -

(a) no Act of Parliament in respect of–(i) religious or social practices of the Mizos, (ii) Mizo customary law and procedure, (iii) administration of civil and criminal justice involving decisions according to Mizo customary law, (iv) ownership and transfer of land,

shall apply to the State of Mizoram unless the Legislative Assembly of the State of Mizoram by a resolution so decides:

Provided that nothing in this clause shall apply to any Central Act in force in the Union Territory of Mizoram immediately before the commencement of the Constitution (Fifty-third Amendment) Act, 1986;”

(b) the Legislative Assembly of the State of Mizoram shall consist of not less than forty members.

A chunga mi zawng hi Mizoram special provision, Article 371G-a inziak chu a ni. Clause (a) bik hi Mizo ṭawngin han dah ila:

“Sawrkar laipui, Parliament dan siamte’n he’ng Mizote sakhua leh social practices, customary law leh procedure, Mizo customary kaihhnawih civil leh criminal justice te, ownership and transfer of land kaihhnawih ang chi reng reng chu Mizoram Legislative Assembly thuthlûkna lo chuan Mizoramah hman theih a ni lo.’

‘Provided’ tihah hian hei hi a inziak bawk a: “Provided that nothing in this clause shall apply to any Central Act in force in the Union Territory of Mizoram immediately before the commencement of the Constitution (Fifty-third Amendment) Act, 1986.” A awmzia chu, “A chunga special provision-te hi awm mah se, state kan nih hma, union territory kan nih hun laia mi leh 53rd Amendment Act, 1986 pian hmaa mi Central dan kan lo hman (apply) tawhte chu a huam lo ang,” tihna a ni.

Article 371G hi ngunthlûk takin han thlir ila; thuneihna huam chin nei, limited power a ni tih kan hriatthiam a ngai. India rama awm kan nih angin Central dan siamte kan hmang vek tur a nih lai karah kan Article 371G chhunga inziak Mizo custom, culture, religious, ownership & transfer of land, etc., te khawih ang chite erawh kan lo apply ve duh a nih chuan Assembly House-a resolution pass-a adopted a ngai tihna a ni.

Nagaland special provision Article 371A kan entawn, mahse:

Article 371G hi Nagaland special provision Article 371A zûlzuia siam a ni. Amaherawhchu, Nagaland Article 371A aiin a huam zîm zawk a, Article 371A hnuaia awm ‘Ownership & transfers of land and its resources’ tih inziaka ‘resources’ tak hi Mizoram special provision Article 371G hian a huam ve lo.

FCAA 2023 dodalnaah Article 371G vauchherin ‘Ownership & transfer of land’-ah hian ‘forest’ hi kan huam luihtir a, kan interprete lut thei pawh a ni mahna. Mahse, ‘Provisio’-ah, “UT kan nih lai, 1986-a state kan nih hmaa mi Central dan siam kan lo hman tawhte chu Article 371G hian a huam lo ang,” tih a inziah kalh si vang hian Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 (FCA 1980) hi Article 371G hian a huam thei lo tihna a ni.

FCA 1980 hi Article 371G-in a huam tlat loh chuan he dan aṭanga amendment lo piang chhuak FCAA 2023 hi kan dodal thei ngawt lo. Principal act chauh pawmin amendment lai a dodal theih ringawt loh tih hi Court tuala ding ṭhinte chuan an hrethiam viau a, FCAA hian FCA hi a repeal lo tih hi kan hriat a ngai tel awm e. Thil mak deuh pakhat chu, he provisio tak hi Nagaland special provision Article 371A-ah an dah miah lo hi a ni!

Article 371G chungchanga inremna sign-tu Pu Lalkhama, IAS thuziak

Article 371G chungchangah MNF leh India inremna, Memorandum of Settlement (MoS)-a hming ziaktu signatory ngei, a hun laia Mizoram Chief Secretary Pu Lalkhama, IAS (Rtd.) thuziak hi thlir tel a ṭha awm e. Pu Lalkhama hian July 2023 khan ‘Mizoram Thlirna’ tih lehkhabu a ziak a. A lehkhabu page 184-ah chuan heti hian a ziak:

‘Peace Accord hi Constitution 53rd Amendments siam a, Article 371G-a dah luh a ni. He thuthlungah hian thu (word) pakhat nuai bo leh ngai a awm hlauh mai a, chu chu Article 371G-a 'provided' tih word hi a ni. Hei hian he inremna siam fel ni 'appointed day' hun laia India sawrkar dan siam, Mizorama ding laite erawh chu Mizoram Legislative Assembly te thuneihna kan sawi lai hian a huam ve lo tih a sawi a ni. Entir nan, Parliament dan siam 1980-a hman ṭan 'Forest Conservation Act' chu dan ding lai a nih avangin Article 371G hian a huam phak ve ta lo va, hei hian Mizoram tan harsatna tam tak a thlen ṭan ta a ni.’

Pu Lalkhama hian Article 371G-a Provisio an dah tlat hi a duh lo hle. Provisio awm tlat hi Nagaland Article 371A-ah a awm ve si lo a, eng vanga Article 371G-a dah nge tih a hrethiam lo a, paih a duh thu a lehkhabu ziakah hian a tarlang. He a thuziak aṭang hian inremna ziah ni, appointed day-a India ram dan ding lai, Mizorama hman mêkte chu Article 371G hian a huam ve lo tih hi a ni. Chuvangin, FCA 1980 leh Amendments 1988 leh 2023 te hi kan lo dodal thei ngawt lo tih hi a chiang viau.

MoS Preamble pawh hi han thlir ila (Mizo ṭawngin han tarlang mai ila): “Mizoram buaina tireh turin India sawrkarin theihtawp a chhuah a, hemi thilah hian Prime Minister Pi Indira Gandhi chuan hma a la a, tharum thawh titâwpa Indian Constitution chhunga inbiakremna pawh MNF hruaitu Pu Laldenga’n a pawm a. Sawi hona neih hnuah remna hi siam a ni ta a ni,” ti zawnga dah a nih dan hian ngaihtuahna a tithui viau.

MoS leh Constitution Article 371G bilh luh chungchangte hi ngun taka thlir hian, Pu Laldenga te thu aiin India Sawrkar Pi Indira Gandhi te duh dan a chungnung zawk tih a hriatthiam theih. Hemi vang hian Nagaland tana Article 371A aiin Mizoram tana Article 371G hian a huam zîmin duhthù a sâm lo a, a strong tawk lo a tih theih bawk ang. Hetih laia zawhna pawimawh deuh chu, MoS pumpui, ILP chungchang te, other matters zawng zawng huap vekin engvangin nge Indian Constitution huang chhung Article 371G-ah hian an lo seng luh vek loh tih hi a ni.

Pu Lalkhama hian a lehkhabuah hian February 18, 1976 khan India sawrkar leh MNF hotute’n inremna lailawk an lo nei daih tawh tih a tarlang bawk a. MNF lam aṭangin Laldenga, Tlangchhuaka, Chawngzuala leh Biakchhunga ten hming ziakin, India sawrkar aiawhin SK Khurana (Home Secretary), SK Chhibber (Mizoram LG) leh ML Kampani (Jt. Secretary) ten hming an ziah thu tarlan a ni. India sawrkarin Pu Laldenga lakah phût an neih tlat vangin Pu Laldenga khan a hote zawng zawng leh ralthuamte surrender phawt a lo remtih tawh thu a tarlang bawk.

Hemi hnuah hian India sawrkar leh MNF te hian Delhi-ah Joint Press Statement chu July 1, 1976 khan an nei a, hei hi ‘July 1, 1976 Thuthlung’ an tih kha a ni. He Thuthlung para 2-a inziak hi han tarlang ila:

‘2. The MNF delegation acknowledged that Mizoram is Integral part of India and conveyed to the Government of India that they resolve to accept a settlement of all Problems in Mizoram within the framework of the Constitution of India.’

Khuarei sûlhnûte han thlir kîr hian kum 1976 daih tawh khan MNF hotu Pu Laldenga te hian Mizoram hi India ram bung khat (integral part of India) tiin an lo pawm thlap tih hi a chiang hle. Tunah ‘Mizoram is integral part of India’ titute’n FCAA 2023 kan state-a kan lo pawm ve vangin ‘Mizoram hralhtu’ tiin ZPM ministry an han bei let daih mai a! India ram bung khat ni sa reng Mizoram hi India hnena hralh theiha ngai tlattute hian eng rau tak chang ang maw?

Kum 2023-a FCAA 2023 dodalna resolution kha hriatthiam a har

MNF ministry hun lai 22.08.2023-a Assembly House-a FCAA 2023 dodalna official resolution an pass kha hriatthiam a har viau mai a. Kha resolution kha han pho lang ila: “That this House unanimously resolves to oppose the Forest (Conservation) Amendment Act, 2023 in order to protect the rights and interest of the people of Mizoram,” tih zawng a ni.

FCAA 2023 dodalna official resolution hi Article 371G behchhanin nge an pass a, duh lohna lantirna satliah tih hi zawhna lian tak a ni a, inhnial theih tak pawh a ni. Kha official resolution-ah khan Article 371G sawi lan a ni lo. Pawl ṭhenkhat FCAA dodaltute duh dan ber chu he dan hi Mizorama hman loh ni se tih a ni. Amaherawhchu, FCAA dodalna official resolution khan eng chen nge a huam tih kha hriatthiam a har viau. Hemi piah lamah Rules 137 of Rules of Procedure & Conduct of Business in Mizoram Legislative Assembly-in a phût anga statutory effect a nihna turin sawrkar (executive) lamin action an la lo leh zel a. Chuvangin, MNF hun laia FCAA dodalna official resolution kha dan hnuaiah chuan awmze nei lo tihna a ni.

Tuna FCAA dodaltute’n he dan thar hi dodal bur tur leh Mizorama hmang lo tura adopt-na resolution pass tawh sût leh tura ZPM ministry an nawr vak mai hi a awmzia hriatthiam a har. ‘UT kan nih hun laia Central dan siam hman tawhte a huam lo’ tih Article 371G-a a inziah kulh lai hian ZPM ministry hi danin thuneihna a pêk piah lama khawsa (ultra vire) tura kara chhaih buai an tum tih hi mi â nilêng lo tan hai tur a awm lo.

Sawrkar hmalakna beia kan sarâk vak vak lai hian, dan hnuaiah eng chen nge sawrkarin thuneihna a neih tih te hi zir chian hmasak a ṭul awm e. Tun hnaiah politics khelhna leh intihlârna atana environment hmathehtu eco-populist kan tih ang chi hi kan ramah an inlâr chho ta nual niin a lang. Mi ṭhenkhat, environment hmatheha tlangau ṭhinte ṭawng kauchheh leh thu keuhthlûk dan thlir hian politics game khêlin sawrkar beihna hmanruaah FCAA hi an hmang tih hi mi â ber pawhin an hrethiam ngeiin a rinawm.

FCAA 2023 hi kan lo mamawh reng si

FCAA 2023 dodalna resolution pass a nih hnu khan loh theih lohna vangin kan rama development project ṭhenkhatah dan thar hnuaiah hian forest clearance (FC) pek chhuah a ni nual tawh a. FCAA enforce a nih hnu hian FC hi PARIVESH 2.0 Portal kaltlang veka pek chhuah a ni tawh a, kan state-a project proposal atana FC dilna hi kan Forest Dept. official-te’n an process ṭhin. Tichuan, FC hi FCAA pass hnua FCA 1980 hming thar Van (Sanrakshan Evam Samvardhan) Adhiniyam, 1980, Section 2(1)(ii) hnuaiah pek chhuah vek tawh a ni. Section 2(1)(ii) hi FCA 1980 hnuaiah khan a awm ve lo a, FCAA 2023 an pass hnuah chauh an bilh lut (insert) thar tih kan hriat a ṭha awm e.

India rama FCAA hman ṭan ni 1st December, 2023 aṭanga vawiin thleng hian Mizorama hmasawnna project-ah FC final approval 14 lai dan thar hnuaiah hian pek chhuah a ni tawh a, project hming leh approval pek chhuah ni leh thla te tarlang ila:

Sl. No. Proposal Name Date of FC Approval

1 Tuivai to Keifang (NH-102B) 06.02.2024

2 Aizawl to Tuipang (NH-54) 14.02.2024

3 Bridge over river Karnaphuli 29.04.2024

4 Thliarpui WRC 27.08.2024

5 Zorinpui – Longmasu NH 205A 21.03.2025

6 LPG Bottling Plant 10.06.2025

7 Aizawl Bypass: Sairang to Seling (NH 06) 10.07.2025

8 Dampa Lui Bridge 0.01 27.03.2025

9 Vairengte to Sairang Pkg – 3 (NH 306 & 6) 10.08.2025

10 Vairengte to Sairang Pkg – 4 (NH 306 & 6) 12.08.2025

11 Vairengte to Sairang Pkg – 5 (NH 306 & 6) 11.08.2025

12 Vairengte to Sairang Pkg – 6 (NH 306 & 6) 12.08.2025

13 Vairengte to Sairang Pkg – 7 & 8 (NH 306 & 6) 01.09.2025

14 Dampa Lui Bridge 0.01 01.09.2025

Table-a proposal 14 atan hian FC final approval (Stage-II) hi pek chhuah a ni tawh. Hemi bakah hian proposal dang 14 atan prior permission tih ṭhin, In-Principal Approval (Stage-I) pek chhuah leh mêk a ni bawk. Heti hian FCAA dan thar hnuaiah kan state-ah FC final approval 14 lai pek chhuah niin, proposal dangah in-principal approval 14 pek chhuah a ni leh mêk bawk. Nakin lawkah chuan FC final approval hi proposal 28 atan an pe chhuak dawn tihna a ni. Heta ṭang hian FC pek chhuahna dan awm chhun FCAA 2023 kan mamawhzia a lang chiang viau.

FCAA 2023 dan hnuaiah lo chuan FC pek chhuahna dan dang a awm tlat lo a. FCAA hi dodal bur ila, eng dan hnuaiah nge FC hi kan state-ah kan lo pêk chhuah ve ang tih zawhna lah a dodaltute aṭang hian chiang fek fawka sawifiahna hmuh tur a la awm lo. FCAA dodaltu pawl ṭhenkhatte hian FC pek chhuah theihna dan awm chhun ber FCAA 2023 dodal chung hian FC an demand bur bur bawk si! An duh dan leh ngaihdan insaikalh tlat tih hi an hrethiam pha ve ang chu maw?

FCAA 2023 provision kan tidanglam thei em?

Central dan siamte hi kan duh lai lai section siam danglamin kan lo amend ve thei ngawt lo. Hetih lai hian, Concurrent List-a mi subject-te erawh Central dan siam kan pawm loh chuan state-te hian dan dang kan siam ve thei. Forest hi Concurrent List a nih vangin FCAA kan duh loh chuan Forest Conservation Act anpui dan dang kan siam ve thei tihna a ni. Mahse, India Danpui Article 254 angin Central dan siam kalhin dan kan siam thei lo.

Dan chu lo siam tehreng pawh ni ila, President of India-in a lo pawmpui (assent) a ngai a. Central dan siam RFCTLARR Act, 2013 aia Mizoram (Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement) Act, 2016 kan lo siamte lah chu Central dan a kalh tiin Gauhati High Court-in min lo hnawlsak tawh a. MNF hun lai kum 2019-a pass tawh ‘The Mizoram (Maintenance of Household Registers) Bill, 2019’ pawh President of India assent lohin a la tangkhang mêk bawk. Heta ṭang hian Concurrent List kaihhnawih dan lo siam hi thil awlsam tak a nih lohzia kan hrethiam mai awm e.

MNF hruaitute khawsazia maksak tak hi!

27.08.2025-a Assembly House-a FCAA 2023 Mizorama hmang tura bûk a nih lai khan Assembly Speaker khan, “Remti lo chuan remti lo ti ula” a tih lai khan MNF MLA rual kha an ngawi ṭhup a nih kha! Amaherawhchu, Assembly House-a chengkawl anga ngawi tlatte khan pâwn lamah FCAA an lo dodal leh ta vak mai a nih hi. Hei bak baka Assembly House leh Zoram mipui ngaihnêpna hi a awm thei bik dawn chuang em ni le?

Assembly House-ah khan opposition MLA-te khan FCAA kha zir chianna hun a awm lo, a copy min pe lo, tihte kha an chhuanlam a ni. FCAA hi Central dan siam a ni a, public domain a ni a, englai pawha chhiar theiha Google-a pho chhuah leh download theih a ni. Resolution an put luh tur hi a hma daihah an pho chhuak daih tawh tih kha Speaker khan a lo sawi chiang viau bawk.

22nd August, 2023-a Assembly House-a FCAA 2023 dodalna resolution pu lut tawhtu leh pass-tu MNF MLA rualte khan FCAA 2023 copy kha nei miah lo leh zir chiang miah lovin resolution kha an lo pass ve tawp em ni tih hi zawhna lian tak a ni. Hre lâwk miah lo leh chawpchilh taka resolution ngaihtuah ngai thut pawh ni se, kum 2023-a FCAA dodalna resolution lo pass tawhtute tan chuan inring lawk miah lova bawngpachal insi ang phatin full stop awm miah lova sawi par par thei tura ngaih an nih lain, zirchianna hun kan nei lo an ti laih laih chauh mai! Theihnghih thutna thlarau riangvaite’n an luhchilh zawk em ni le?

Tlangkawmna

Forest law te, environmental law kan tihte hi development lo kal tur danna tura siam an ni lo. Development a awm dawn chuan ramngaw, thing leh mau ten an tuar ngei ngei ṭhin a, hloh chin a awm ṭhin. Hemi tawrhna thawi dam lehna tur leh sustainable development a awm theihna tura FCA 1980 te, Environmental Protection Act, 1986 etc., te hi lo piang a ni.

Kan ram India hian khawvel ram ropui ni turin ke a pên mêk a, ram mipuite vênghim turin theihtawp chhuahin defence project-te pawh a kal pui mêk bawk. FCAA 2023 dodaltute dodalna chhan ber, international boundary aṭanga km 100 huam chhunga FC exemption chungchang leh security project an lo kalpui tura forest area lak dan tur lah chu MoEFCC-in dated 24.09.2024 khan Clarification Guideline a lo chhuah tawh a. Forest area suasamna lam rêng a kâwk lo a, state/UT-te thuneihna zau tak pek a ni zawk.

Mimal, pawl, etc ram, in leh lo te phei chu India Danpui Article 300A-in a venhim tlat avangin a thlawnin pakhat mah min laksak lui thei lo tih kan hriat tlan a ṭha. Dodaltute sawi vung Section 3C hnuaia Central sawrkarin state/UT-te direction a pek te hi PARIVESH portal-ah hmuh tur a awm nual tawh a, state/UT-te thuneihna chhuhsakna lam rêng a kâwk lo. FCAA 2023 dodaltute dodalna phêna inthup dik tak zawk chu, ZPM ministry-in kan ramah project lian hnuk lûtin, hna ro tling an thawk vak ang tih hlauhna vâng ti ila dâwt muhlûm kan sawi kher awm lo e.

Memorandum of Settlement leh Article 371G te hi political advantage lak tumna atana kan changchawi dawn a nih chuan Indian Constitution-a State List Entry no. 18-a Transfer of Land & Ownership chungchanga thuneihna sâng tak kan neih dan te, Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation 1873-a ILP hmanga humhimna kan lo neih tawh dan te, Article 371G pian hma daiha non-tribal-te hnena ram pêk leh hlanchhawn phal lohna dan The Mizo District (Transfer of Land) Act, 1963 kan lo neih dîm diam tawh dante hi sawi lang tel ta ṭhin ila.

Kan mineral resources, oil leh natural gas chungchanga thuneihna kan neih dan te, kan rama oil zawngtute’n Mizoram sawrkar hnenah cheng vaibelchhe tam tak an chawi tawh dan te, The Mizoram State Mineral Exploration Trust Rules, 2025 kan neih thar te pawh hi pho lang tel ta ṭhin ila. Article 214-ah state tinah high court an din theihna tur a lo inzeh thlip thlep tawh lai karah Mizoram mipui hnena politics hamṭhatna zawnna atana Article 371G leklam fo hi awmzia a nei thui vak lo mai thei.

Engpawhnise, Article 371G-ah chiang takin state kan nih hma, UT kan nih laia Central dan dinglai kan hman tawhte a huam lohzia chiang taka a inziah lai hian, eng dan behchhanin nge FCAA 2023 hi kan lo dodal ve ringawt tak ang le? Kan duh emaw, duh lo emaw, UT kan nih hun laia Central dan kan hman tawhte chu state kan nih hnuah pawh kan hman tlang ngei ngei a ngai tih hi kan hriat tur pawimawh tak a ni zawk. Politics game khelhna atana FCAA 2023 hmangtu leh mipui tana harsatna siam zawnga total bandh huaihawttute politics game hian 1966 kal pêlin, tuikhur râl a la kâi pha meuh lo chu a nih hi. 

~Lalnunmawia Pachuau