TUTE NGE MIZO?

Mizote hian engtik aṭangin nge Mizo kan intih hi tu man a ni leh thla, kum te kan sawi thei lo vang. Pi leh pute khan ‘Mizo’ emaw ‘Mizau’ emaw an lo intih ṭhin thu North Lushai Hills Political Officer hmasa ber dawttu R.B. McCabe-a (Lalman Sap an tih kha) khan a ziak a. Amah hi North Lushai Hills Political Officer hmasa ber H.R. Browne-a Changsila an kah hlum hnua Political Officer-a rawn awm kha a ni.

R.B. McCabe-a chuan heti hian a ziak a: “The Lushai call themselves Mizo or Mizau which term includes the following castes: Ralte, Molbem, Khuangli, Paithe, Taute, Jahau (Yahow), Dulien, Lakher, Fanai (Molienpui), Poi, Dalong, Tangur, Sukte, Mar, Falam (Tashons), Paukhup, Liellul. In the North Lushai Hills our relations have almost entirely confined to the Duliens, Ralte, Pois. The Lushai Chiefs which pedigree is given below are all Duliens and a large majority of the Eastern Lushai families belong to this Caste.” (R.B. Mc Cabe- Our relation with the Eastern Lushais prior to the rising on 1st March, 1982, in collection of some interesting correspondences of Mizoram 1890-1896. The Tribal Institute of Mizoram Aizawl, 1980, para hnihna).

R.B. McCabe-a thu ziak hi Padma Shree C. Chhuanvawra chuan Mizo ṭawnga letin a lehkhabu ‘Mizo ṭawng chhuina’ phek 15-ah chuan heti hian a ziak a. A fiah deuh takin, “Lushaiho chuan ‘Mizo’ emaw, ‘Mizau’ emaw an inti a, chu chuan heng chite hi a huam: Ralte, Mualbem te, Khuangli te, Paihte te, Thaute te, Zahau te, Duhlian te, Lakher te, Fanai te, Pawih te, Darlawng te, Thangur te, Sukte te, Hmar te, Falam (Tlaisun) te, Paukhup te leh Liellul te hi. Lushai Hills hmar chan lamah chuan heng Duhlian te, Ralte te, Pawiho te nen kan indawr ṭhin. A hnuaia inthlah chhawn dan tarlana Lusei lalhote hi an za hian Duhlian an ni a, khaw chhak lama Lusei lal tam zawkte pawh khi an ni vek hlawm,” tiin.

Kan sawi tawh angin ‘Mizo’ tih hming kan put ni leh thla te, a kum te chu hriat ni lo mah se, tun hnai mai aṭanga ‘Mizo’ tia inchhal kan ni lo. R.B. McCabe-a khan kum 1892 July ni 23 khan Lushai Hills (tuna Mizoram) dinhmun Assam Chief Commissioner hnena Political Report a pek khan “Lushai kan tihte hian ‘Mizo’ emaw ‘Mizau’ emaw kan ni e, an inti,” tiin a ziak a ni.

Tichuan, Mizovin a huam a rawn ziah chhuah aṭang khan Zofa hnam hrang hrangte hian hmanlai chuan Mizo, Mizau, Zo, Dzo kan lo inti ngei a ni tih hriat a ni a. Tu chi (hnam) pawh Zofa zawng zawngte Mizoah hian kan leng vek tih hria ila; inti ta bik tur kan awm lo, lungsi takin i pu ang u.

Mizoah hian Mara (Lakher) te, Lai (Pawi) te, Tlau te, Vangchhia te, Hmar te, Paite te, Ralte te, Thahdo (Kuki) Khongsai te, Lusei (Duhlian) te, Sukte te, Thaute te, Pang te, Bawitlung te, Ngawn te, Simte te, Chawrai te, Hrangkhawl te, Gangte te, Vaiphei te, Biate te, Lamkang, Chiru leh a dang te an leng vek a ni.

Hmanlaia Mizo, Mizau tia lo inchhal tawhte khan Zofa zawng zawng huapa kan inchhalna 'Mizo' chu kan tibo titih a. Chu chu han tharthawh lehin Lushai Hills District Council hming pua kum 1952-a din chu kum 1954-ah Mizo District Council tia thlak a ni. Kum 1935 June ni 15 khan Young Lushai Association (YLA) din a ni a, kum 1947-ah Young Mizo Association (YMA) tia thlak a lo ni leh ta a. Lushai tih chu Mizorama cheng zawng zawng a huap tawk lova hriain ‘Mizo’ tih chu chawi lar a lo ni ta a ni.

Mizote’n eng ṭawng nge kan hman?

Zofa hnam zawng zawngte hian ṭawng pawm bik a hranpain kan nei lo va. Chutih laiin, Duhlian ṭawng hi Zofa hnam zawng zawng hian kan hmang thei tlangpui a, ṭawng tualleng ber a ni.

L. Keivom chuan Mizo ṭawng chungchang hetiang hian a ziak a: "Mizo is also a given name of one of the major Zo dialects. The use of ‘Mizo’ as name of dialect is also of recent origin as no such dialect existed in the past as we now called a Mizo language. The dialect was

originally called ‘Duhlian’ and was generally used by the inhabitants in Central Chin hills especially in Hualngo (Wheno) dominated area. Of all Zo dialects, the Lusei or Duhlian dialect is the most widely spoken. It is the common language in West Zoram, and it is spoken by almost all Zo people in Manipur and the Chittagong Hill tracts. (L.Keivom, PUC ‘Buannel’ 48th Annual Magazine p.76 to 77 ).

Tuna Mizo ṭawng kan tih tak hi a tirah chuan Duhlian ṭawng tih a ni a, chumi hnuah Lusei ṭawng, tunah Mizo ṭawng tih a lo ni leh ta a. He kan ṭawng hman mekah hian Zofa hnam peng hrang hrang ṭawng a awm a, a tel tih i hria ang u. Mizo ṭawng upaah leh hladoah te hian Lai (Pawi) ṭawng tam tak a awm a; chutiangin Paihte ṭawng te, Hmar ṭawng te, Ralte ṭawng leh Zofa hnam peng hrang hrang ṭawngte a awm tih hria ila.

Duhlian ṭawng hi a tirah chuan Luseiho leh an sangawi zawnpuite ṭawng a ni a. Kum 1926 khan kan Zosap missionary David E. Jones (Zosaphlui ) chuan DUH-LIAN ZIR-TIRH-BU a siam a. Chu lehkhabu chu Lushai Hills-a naupangte zirlaibu a ni a, copy 5,000 an chhu nghe nghe. Chutah chuan Lusei hnam hrang hrangte a ziak a, hetiangin: Sailo, Zadeng, Chenkual, Thangluah, Rivung, Rokhum, Pachuau, Hauhnar, Chuaungo, Chuauhang, Chhangte, Hrahsel, Tochhawng, Vanchhawng, Chhakchhuak, Hualngo. (Duh-lian Zir-tirh-bu by David E. Jones, published by the Welsh Mission Bookroom, Printed at the LP.Press Ninth Edition 1926, 5000 copies, p.21).

Rev. Liangkhaia chuan a lehkhabu ‘Mizo Chanchin’-ah chuan a chunga Lusei hnam a ziah bakah Chawngte hi Lusei hnamah a ziak. Duhlian Zir-tirh-bua Zosaphluia’n Lusei ṭawng hmangtu dang a ziahte chu Khiangte, Khawlhring, Vangchhia, Pautu, Zawngte, Ngente, Fanai, Hnamte, Chawngthu, Renthlei te an ni.

Mizo zingah hian ṭawng chi hrang 50 (sawmnga) chuang a awm nia hriat a ni. L. Hranglien Songate Hmar chanchin (Hmar History) ziaktu chuan Zo hnahthlak hnam hrang hrangte ṭawng group hnihin a ṭhen a. Hawrawpa ‘R’ nei leh nei lo te hetiang hian a ziak.

Ṭawng hawrawpa ‘R’ nei zawng: 1) Pawi, 2) Ngawn, 3) Halkha, 4) Lusei, 5) Ralte, 6) Hmar, 7) Lakher, 8) Bawmzo, 9) Lamkang, 10) Chiru, 11) Kom, 12) Aimol, 13) Langrawng.

Hawrawpa ‘R’ nei lote: 1) Thado (Kuki) – Haukip leh Kipgen, 2) Paite, 3) Sukte, 4) Thaute, 5) Zomi, 6) Simte, 7) Gangte, 8) Vaiphei, 9) Mangvung, 10) Baite, 11) Khuangsai (L. Hranglien Songate Hmar Chanchin L&R Press Churachandpur 1977 p.-1).

Lalhmuaka, 'Pûm ti ti' ziaktu chuan Mizo ṭawng irh chhuah dan hetiang hian a ziak: “Zoram chhunga Mizo ṭawng hi a bul chu Lusei ṭawng a ni chiah a, mahse, Lusei ṭawng pawh hi Hualngo ṭawng aṭanga chhuak a ni, Hualngo ṭawng hi Lusei ṭawng dik tak a ni,” a ti. (Lalhmuaka Pum ti ti, First Ed. 1985 p.92 ).

L. Keivom, IFS chuan a lehkhabu ‘Zoram Khawvel’ ah “Hualngo te hi ‘Lusei chi ber’ tiin a ziak. (Zoram Khawvel 1, L.Keivom p.109 ). Lalkila Ralte Lutmang, Khawruhlian khawper Mualveng lal leh a ṭhiante chuan, "Duhlian ṭawng kan tih hi a tirah chuan Hualngo ṭawng a ni a, a hmang hmasatute an ni,” an tih thu Pu Kila tunu Pi Laltinkhawli, Bethlehem Veng chuan a sawi.

Mizote hi kan awmna azirin kan hnam hmingte pawh hi kan chawi danglam ṭhin a. Hmar hnama Varte hi Paihte hnama Valte nen hian hnam thuhmun an ni. Rûn kama cheng Ngawn ho khian “Khiangte kan ni” an inti a. Chutiangin Cachar phai Thangrama Chawraite khuan “Khiangte kan ni” an inti bawk. Hmar Lusei te pawh hi Chhakchhuak Hualngo an ni.

Darlawng tia kan hriat larte khu Pachuau leh hnam dangte an ni a; chutiangin ‘Pâng’ kan tihte pawh hi Chawngthu, Pachuau, Chhangte leh a dangte an lo ni a. Duhlian Vaiphei te hi Hualngo thlahte niin an sawi.

Mara hnama Hlychho leh Lai zinga Hlawnchhing te hi hnam thuhmun an ni an ti a. Chutiangin Lai lal Chinzah te pawh hi Mara zingah chuan Chozah an ni tiin an sawi. Thahdo leh Chawngthu ho te hi thlahtu thuhmun nia sawi an ni. Manipur-a Ralte Siakeng chite chuan ‘Sakum’ an inti niin an sawi. Khênglâwt te, Tuallâwt te, Ramlâwt te, Ringlawt te hi unaua sawi an ni. Chutiangin Hlawndo leh Hlawnmual te pawh hi unau ni a sawi an ni. Mizo hnam tinte hian an awmna azirin an chenpuite ṭawng an hmang ve mai ṭhin.

Kan missionary Pu Buanga (J.H. Lorrain) leh Sap Upa (F.W. Savidge) ten kum 1894 khan A, AW, B Duhlian ṭawngin an siam a, chu chuan Lusei ṭawng a tilar ta a. Lusei (Mizo) lalte’n Duhlian ṭawng hi rorel nan an hmang a, anni hi he ṭawng tilartu an ni.

Kan sawi tawh angin Mizo ṭawngah hian Lai (Pawi) ṭawng te, Paite ṭawng te, Hmar ṭawng te, Ralte ṭawng te leh ṭawng hrang hrang te a awm a. Chuvangin, a neitu bik kan awm lo ve, kan zavaia ta a ni e.

Mizo Language Development Board, Mizo ṭawng tihmasawn tura din hian Zo fate chi hrang hrangte ṭawng hi Mizo ṭawngah seng lut thiam se a tha ngawt ang. Tichuan, kan ṭawng a lo hausak bakah kan inpumkhat phah leh zual dawn a ni.

- C. Lalhluna, Bethlehem