Science leh sakhua article kha

Thuhma

Vanglaini lama guest writer, Dr (Pu). Lalchhuanawma Tochhawng chuan tun hnaiah a zawnin science chungchang vawi 6 ngawt article ziak a. Tin, February thla pawh khan science leh sakhuana lam hawi tho a rawn ziak tawh a. A thuziak dan kalhmang han en hian, tun hnaia ka lehkhabu tihchhuah – ‘Science leh Kristianna: A Indo Em?’ tih kha a rawn ral sai niin a lang a. A article chhiar ve tu dangte pawhin ka lehkhabu a rawn sawi nia an ngaih avangin min hrilh ve fo a. Hetiang lam hawi hlir a chhuah chhunzawm zel avangin a khawma chhan theih hun nghah kha a fuh dawn lo titute hnen aṭang pawhin thurawn ka dawng ta nual a. Chuvangin zawi zawiin a chhana lo tihchhuah ka rawn tum ve chhin dawn a ni. Tuna mi hi chu Vanglaini, July 19, 2025-a a ziah ka chhana a ni. Hetiang article ziah hi a har a, mahse mipui nawlpui hriatthiam theih dan turin lo ziah ka tum ang. Tin, mimal inbeihna lam a ni lova, Mizo hnam hmasawnna tur kawng pawimawh em em – titi hona (dialogue leh discourse) ang a ni tih chhiartute pawhin min lo hriat sak dawn nia.

Science chu rinna innghat a ni thei lova

‘Science leh Sakhua’ tih article a ziaha thu hlawm lian tak kengtu, a thusawi pakhat chu: ‘Science erawh chu rinnaa innghat thei a ni lova’ tih kha a ni. Han lem a har viau mai a. Tuna modern science chhungah chauh ni lo, science hmasa zawkteah pawh, scientific theory a lo chhuahin innghahna bulṭhut (metaphysics) a nei ṭhin. Hemi hi kan hriatthiam theih dan tur chuan a awlsam zawngin, a saptawng chuan first principle angin emaw postulate angin emaw kan hrethiam thei ang. First principle emaw postulate emaw a nih chuan va finfiah theih a ni lova. Va pawm tawp mai tur tihna a ni. Mahse chumi va pawm tur chuan chumi first principle chu va rin em em phawt a ngai ta a ni. Pawm tlak a ni tih kan rin a ngai tihna a nih chu.

Science innghahna mathematics pawh hi mihringin kan hmuhchhuah a ni a, hetia awlsam tea kan neih a ni hauh bik lo. A bulṭhut (metaphysics) chu Pythagorean-Platonic tradition aṭangin a ni a (Pearcy & Thaxton 1994). Anni pahnih hi hi sakhaw mi em em an ni tih hre tel bawk ta ila a tha awm e. Pythagoras phei hi chu sakhaw mi lutuk (mystic), hun inang renga hmun hran hran awm thei niin an ngai a ni. Zirna hrim hrim hi a secular ta em a, Greek philosopher-ho sakhaw mi an nihna pawh kan hre tlem ta viau mai. Sawi tumah lut ta ila: Plato-te khan khawvel famkim (ideal world) a awm an ti a, chumi hlimthla chu tuna kan hmuh theih khawvel hi a ni an ti a ni. Mathematics khan kalphung mumal tak (mathematical order) a neih avang te, tin dik lo thei lo anga an ngaih avangte khan khawvel famkim (ideal world) ami daih niin an ngai a. Chutiang zelin khawvel famkim lam thil (form) chu hre turin khawvel thil (material world) hi kan hmang thei lo an ti a; kan ngaihtuah theihna (mental abstract) erawh hi chu khawvel famkim lam thil a nih avangin chutiang atan chuan kan hmang thei an ti thung a ni.

Mathematics kan chawh chhuah dan erawh Euclid-a geometry hmangin an hrilhfiah thung a. Hetah pawh hian axioms an hmang leh a ni. Axioms chu postulate anga finfiah ngai lo, dik saa ngaih a ni. Kan sawite hi han ngaihtuah vang vang ta ila. Science innghahna mathematics pawh hi mihringin kan hmuhchhuah chawp a nih miau avangin metaphysics nei ve a ni a. Chumi awmzia chu ‘mathematics hi Plato khawvel famkim aṭanga kan neih a ni’ han tih te, tin ‘Euclid geometry lama axioms’-te hi mathematics chhunga metaphysics avanga kan neih, mathematics innghahna chu a ni ta a ni. Mathematics chhunga metaphysics chu va nei turin a first principle kan tihah khan rinna kan nghah phawt a ngai a ni. Dik lo thei lo, finfiah ngai lo a nih zia kan pawm phawt a ngai. Mahse, ngaihnawm deuh mai chu – metaphysics chu mihringte hmuhchhuah a nih miau avangin mathematics pawh a famkim loh zia a rawn lang chho ta zel a. Kum zabi 20naah chuan Godel’s incompleteness theorem avangin mathematics pawh hi dik lo ve thei a nih zia hringfate’n kan hmu fiah ta a nih kha (Kline 1980). Innghahna nei, chu innghahna chu mihring siam chawp a nih miau avangin dik lo thei a ni reng a ni.

Science thar emaw scientific theory thar emaw a lo chhuah dawn hian metaphysics chhungah innghahna an zawng nasa em em ṭhin a. Newtonian Science pawh hi a innghahna bulpui ber chu space-time metaphyics hi a ni. Thil rih zawng (mass), thil thui zawng (length) leh hun (time) te hi philosophy of science chhungah chuan primary quality kan ti a. A thlirtu azira danglam ve thei lo a ni. Ka san zawng hi Mualbu (L) khaw mipui tan emaw Gandhinangar khaw mipui tan a ni emaw tu tan emaw pawh ni se a danglam thei loa, a inang vek dawn a ni. Secondary quality a awm leh a. Chu chu a thlirtu a zira danglam thei – thil kan ei a a tui kan tih dan te, ldt., hi a ni. Modern science chu primary quality-a innghat hi a ni ta a ni. Hei hi space-time metaphysics chhung ami kha a ni ta a. A tichhuaktu ber chu Isaac Newton a ni a. Mahse, ani hian awlsam tein a ngaihtuah chhuak bik miah lova Cambridge Platonist an tih mai, Cambridge University-a Kristian philosopher leh theologian rual-ho aṭanga zawi zawi a ngaihtuah chhuah a ni (Kaiser 1997). Kha tih hun lai khan Galileo-a leh midang tam takte thil hmuhchhuah kha, a hun laia science, Aristotelian Science hmangin an hrilhfiah thei lova, chuvangin science innghahna tur bulthut (metaphysics) an zawng a ni. Heta space-time metaphysics ngaihtuah chhuah tirtu ber chu Kristiante Pathian nihna (attribute) an pawm dan aṭangin a ni (Burt 1931).

Amaherawhchu kum zabi 20naah Einstein-a a lo lang veleh a. Newtonian science innghah nana a ban pawimawh ber ber te chu a mal te tein a rawn phet thlu hmak hmak ta mai a ni. Hun leh hmun (space-time), a thlirtu azira danglam thei lo anga kan lo pawm ṭhinna chu a dik loh zia a rawn fianfiah ta chat chat mai a. A nihna takah chuan, hetah pawh hian Einstein-a hian relativity lamah thil thar a hmuchhuak satliah a ni ringawt lo a. A innghahna tur metaphysics thar a ngaihtuah chhuak thei kha a ropuina leh a turu em em na a ni. Eng kal chak zawng avangin Newtonian Science chhungah rei tak an buai a. Scientist leh philosopher tam takin hrilhfiah an tum a. A thente phei chu amah Einstein-a ai pawha, a hun laia mathematics thiam leh lar – hming thang em em te an ni. A nihna takah chuan a special theory of relativity leh general theory of relativity lama a mathematics turu tak takte hi chu midang puihna zara a neih a ni zawk.

Mahse, he scientific theory thar, natural world, kan khawvel thlir dan tidanglam dawrhtu hian innghahna metaphysics a nei a, chu chu amah Einstein khan a hmuhchhuak tlat si a ni. Special theory of relativity lamah chuan postulate pahnih kan nei a, chungte chu: ‘eng kal chak zawng hi a danglam thei lo’ tih leh ‘physics chhunga law awmte hi a tehtu awmna chet dan a pangngai reng chuan a danglam ngai lo’ tihte a ni. Hei hi Einstein-a relativity chhunga metaphysics avanga awm, pawm ngai, rin bur ngai chu a ni ta a ni. Kan ring lo a, kan pawm duh lo a nih chuan Einstein-a relativity hi kan hrethiam dawn lo tihna a nih chu. Mahse, metaphysics siamtu leh ngaihtuah chhuaktu chu mihring kan nih miau avangin a hmaa metaphysics avanga science kan neih chu a rawn tibuai ta chiah a ni. Chhin chhiah tel ngai, ngaihnawm deuh chu – Newtonian science a par vul lai khan, tunlai ang tho hian, science finna lama an thlen theih chin sang ber emaw an ti ve tho a. A chhan ber pawh anmahni hun lai milin, tun ang tho hian thil tam tak an hrilhfiah ve tho a, tin hmanrua pawh an science hmang khan an siam ve teuh tho a ni. Engkim kha Newtonian Science angin thlir an tum a, a danglam leh dawn a ni tih an ngaihtuah pha lo. Mahse Einstein-a thil hmuhchhuah thar khan a rawn tidanglam ta a ni. Pawm mai pawh an harsat teh e!

Quantum Mechanics phei chu he article-ah hian kan sawi hman lovang. A hran hlaka lo ziah ka tum a. Tunah hian quantum science chhungah kan awm mek a. Hrilhfiah theih loh, hriatthiam har em em kan ngah khawp mai! A chhan ber pawh eng dang ni lovin Newtonian science aṭanga thlir tlat kan tum avang a ni. Mahse, quantum mechanics chuan metaphysics hran a neih a ngai si. Mahse, chu metaphysics chu science dang metaphysics-te nen a inang thei dawn si lo a ni.

Biology thiam turin Classical Greek luhchilh kher a ngai lo

Article ziaktu khan ‘physics thiam turin English culture thiam a ngai lo, Biology thiam turin Classical Greek luhchilh kher a ngai lo’ a rawn ti a. Hei hian thil tam tak a sawi. Khawvel hi a secular tak em avangin zirlaibu lamah hian scientific law emaw theory emaw te hi a bulthutin kan zir thei lova. Zirna lama mi thiamte lu tihaitu a ni. Article kan sawi mek ziaktu pawh hianin tunlai (modern) zirlaibu zirna ang bakin thu a sawi lo tihna a ni ber a. Tuna kan zir dan ngawr ngawr en hi chuan a thusawi pawh hi a dik lo hran lo. Mahse, physics lama law leh theory-te hi hrethiam tak tak turin a lo zik chhuah dan kan zir tel ngei ngei a pawimawh takzet si a ni. Research level-ah chuan chu chu an zir ṭhin dan pawh a ni. Zirtirtu tha leh zir tir thiam an tihte pawh hian an zirtir dan (pedagogy)-ah scientific theory emaw law emaw lo chhuah dan history an sawi tel ṭhin. A chhan chu vawi leh khata an ngaihtuah chhuah a ni nghal bik lo a. A hun laia an sakhua kal pui dan leh khawsak phung (cultural milieu)-te khan chumi law emaw theory emaw an ngaihtuah chhuah theihnaah khan a pui nasa em em a ni.

Entirnan: Isaac Newton-a lei hipa hmuchhuah pawh hi zirlaibu lamah chuan kan sawi awlsam ang reng khawp mai a. Apple thing hnuaia a awm laiin apple rahin a lu-ah a tlak palh hlauh mai a, chuta tang chuan lei hipa a hmuchhuak ta a ni tiin kan sawi mai zel. Mahse, helaia hetiang anga ngaihtuah chhuak tur hian a hun lai leh a hun hmaa thil thlengte kha a pawimawh lutuk (Spencer 2024). A bik takin a sakhaw mi nihna te, tin Copericus-a te, Galieo te, Keppler-te leh Gilbert te thleng khan. Copernicus khan Ni zawk hi kan hel a ni tih a hmuchhuak avang te, Galileo-a’n a finfiah theih avang te leh Keppler-a’n planet-in Ni a hel dan kalhmang (Kepler law) a hmuhchhuah avang te khan rihna neite inkungkaih dan kha hrilhfiah a tum satliah a ni lova planet-in Ni a hel dan kha hriatthiam a chak a ni.

Gilbert-a a lo lang a. Ani kha magnet chungchang a zir nasa em em a. Tunlai angin magnetic field tih lam a la awm lova. Ani pawh khan neo-Platonic science chhung aṭangin magnet-te inhip theihna kha thlarau hnathawh a ti a ni. He thlarau hnathawh hi Keppler pawh khan a rawn hmang ve hlek a. Ani kha chuan Ni hi Trinity chhunga Pathian angin a tehkhin a, Lei hi Fapa angin, chutiang zelin Ni leh Lei inlaichinna chu Thlarau Thianghlim angin a tehkhin a ni. Heng hi Isaac Newton-a khan a hre vek a, ani pawhin Lei hipna kan tih mai, universal law of gravitation a hmuhchhuah khan an inhipna kha Thlarau lam hnathawh a ti a ni (Kearny 1976). A hun laia science chhunga palian pahnih Christian Hygens leh Descartes te phei chuan hetianga hrilhfiah kha an duh lo khawp mai a; dawi thiam thil tih ang a ni an tih sak hial. A nihna takah chuan heliocentric theory (Lei zawkin Ni a hel a ni tih theory) pawh hi Galileo leh Keppler te khan an awi nung zo meuh lo. Metaphysics hran nei, Aristotelean science par vul lai taka lo chhuak a nih miau avangin pawmpuitu an neih a ngai a. Va pawm a, va ringtu kha an nei tam lo a. Tu khaw khain hre tawh lo mah se Isaac Newton khan a Lei hipna hmuhchhuah hmangin a rawn thar thawh leh ta a. Kan chheh vel, van sang, van thengreng kan hriatthiam dan a tidanglam ta vek a ni.

Chutiang zelin Biology zirlai hrechiang a, a lo zikchhuah dan hrethiam turin Greek Classics kan hriat a ngai takzet. Hei pawh hi a chhan ber chu Aristotelian philosophy chhungah khan thilnung nihna aṭanga zau taka thil dang zirna kha an bei uar em avang a ni. Hemi avang hian experiment lam thil hrim hrim pawh hi Aristotelian philosophy aṭanga lo chhuak a ni ber a. Galen te, William Harvey te, Vesalius te leh midang – biology lama palian pui puite kha an thil pawm dan phung leh zir dan hrethiam turin a bul tantu Aristotle tihdan kan va hriat a ngai takzet a ni. Chutiang zelin Ni zawk hi kan hel a ni tih Copernicus-a’n a ngaihtuah chhuah dan pawh hrethiam turin Greek chauh ni lo, Greek cilivilisation hma lam pawh kan va hriat a ngai.

Copernicus-a khan experimental data engmah a nei lova. Ni hi planet-in han hel zawk ta se tia mathematics a han chawh khan Niin Lei a helnaa mathematics aiin a awlsam zawk tlat a ni. Mathematics awlsam zawkna avang khan Ni zawk hi kan hel a ni a ti ve ringawt a ni ber mai! Mahse hetah pawh hian hetiang ang ngaihdan nei turin hmasang hun laia an thil hriat thiam dan: khuarel hian kawng awlsam leh nuam zawk a zawh ṭhin tih kha a hriat tel a ngai a ni. Entirnan: hmun sang aṭanga thil a tlakin ngil takin a tla ṭhin tih te, eng pawh ngil takin a kal tihte ang chi hi a ni. Chumi awmzia chu hmakhawsanga an nun phunga an thil hriatthiam dan kha Copernicus thil hmuh chhuah theih nan a pawimawh hle tihna a ni. Article ziaktuin ‘Science erawh chuan hnam zia rang behchhan a nei lo’ a han ti ringawt maite kha pawmpui a har ta viau a ni.

Tlipna

Science leh sakhua inzawm lo tihna ngawr ngawr hi chu a tawp lamah rawn chhan ka tum ve chhin anga. Hemi article-a awm tel: tehna (measurement) chungchang te, hrilhlawk theihna (prediction) chungchang te, ‘science erawh thuneihna nen a inzawm ngai lo’ tih te leh ‘science erawh chuan hnam zia rang behchhan a nei lo’ han tih te pawh hi han sawi zau a chakawm viau a. Mahse, kan ziak thui tawh si a. A remchan veleh kan ziak veleh ang. Engpawhnise, science chungchanga hemi article ziaktuin a thuziak chhuah tawhte han chhiar hian modern science chauh hi science angah a ngai niin a lang a. Tin, science hi danglam thei lo – tuna kan neih mek hi famkim, tha ber – science lama kan tawn theih chin sang ber niin a pawm niin a lang a. Science tih tawngkam hrim hrim hi chu tun hnaia lo chhuak ni mah se tuna science kan hriat ang hi hman hmanah a awm teuh tawh a. Philosophy of science lamah chuan Greco-Roman Science, Aristotelian Science, neo-Platonic Science, Modern Science angte hian an then hrang tlangpui a. Tin, Modern Science pawh hi Newtonian, Relativity leh Quantum Science angtein an han then hrang leh a ni. Zirna dang ang thoa tihdan (methodology) leh kalphung (practice) nei hran a ni a. Science hrang hrangte pawh hian tihdan leh kalphung an nei hrang vek a. Chuvangin science hran hrante hi hetia vawi leh khata lo piang thut a ni ngai bik lo a. A hunlaia an sakhaw rin dan te, an sorkar inrelbawl dan te, an hnam nunphung te leh a dangte khan science thar lo piang tur tan a pawimawh em em a. Science nihna awmzia pawh chu chuan a hril thui hle a ni.

- Dr. Krista Roluahpuia, IIT Gandhinagar