MIZO ṬAWNG HI

B. Lalthangliana'n Mizo ṭobul leh an lo zîk chhuah dan a sawia indawt dan chu hetiang hi a ni: Sino-Tibetan (or Tibeto-Chinese), Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Assam-Burmese, Kuki or Mizo (Asho, Chho, Halam, Hmar, Lai, Lusei, Mara, Miu, Paite, Ralte, Thado) (Mizo Chanchin Third Edition–2023, p.98). C. Chhuanvawra paw'n Mizo ṭobul indawt dan hetiang hian a sawi:

‘Mongoloid, Tibeto-Chinese, Tibeto-Burman, Assam-Burmese Branch, Kuki-Chin Group,’ tiin (Mizote Thlang Tlak Thu [China ram atanga Burman, Mizoram leh a bak thlenga Mizote thlang tlak dan, Mizo history chik taka chhuina], 2023, p.37).

B. Lalthangliana chuan, "Tibeto-Burman hlawm ṭawng hi lam ri khat chauh ziak hlawm chu (monosyllabic) leh, a mal te tea tla hrang chi (violation) a ni a... Tibeto-Burman hlawmho ṭawng indawt dan erawh chu tuartu (object), thil titu (subject), thiltih (verb) indawt 'OSV' a ni thung," (Mizo Chanchin) a ti a. Ralluaii Chhangte pawhin, "Mizo ṭawng hi ṭawngchikmi (linguist)-ho chuan Tibeto-Burman ṭawng tam takte zinga ṭawng pakhatah an dah a. Tibeto-Burman hi Tibeto-Chinese (Sino-Tibetan) zinga ṭawng peng khat a ni a... Mongolian thlahho zinga peng pakhat Indonesian-Maya an tih zingah mithiam ṭhenkhat chuan mi an dah a. Tin, mihirng nun dan chhuimi (anthropologist)-ho chuan kan ṭawng hi ngun taka an han en a, ṭawng dang nen an khaikhinin Tibeto-Chinese ṭawng zingah an dah a. Tin, Tibeto-Chinese-ho zingah pawh chuan Kawl-ho te, Meitei-ho te, Naga-ho te, Kachin-ho te, Lolo-ho te, Tibet-ho te leh hnam hrang hrang dang nen Tibeto-Burman an tih hnuaiah mi an dah khawm a ni," (Mizo Ṭawng Chikna, Revised Edition–2010) a ti bawk.

Rev. Dr. Zairema khan Duhlian leh Lusei danglamna a hre lo a ni mai thei, hetiang hian a sawi a, "Tuna Lusei kan tihte hi chuan an thlahtu an chhui thui theih ber chu Thlahpa niin an sawi... Thlahpa hian Lusei te, Duhlian te, Chhakchhuak te etc., a thlah a. Lusei tih chu an chi hmingah an hmang a, Duhlian tih chu an ṭawng hmingah an hmang ta ni maw," (Kan Bible Hi, Second Edition–2018) a ti a. Hrangṭhiauva sawi dan chuan, Chhinlunga a awm a, a thlah chu Thlahpaa a ni a. Thlahpaa chuan–Duhliana, Taichenga leh Hrumtunga te a hring a. Duhiana thlahte chuan Taichenga thlahte chu 'sam phiraho' an ti a, Paihte an ti bawk a; anni Taichenga thlahte'n hnung lama sam zialho chu 'Duhlian' an ti thung a, an ṭawng pawh 'Duhlian ṭawng' an ti bawk a. Hrumtunga thlahte chuan Duhlianho chu 'Hmar' an ti a (Hmar hnam ni lovin Hmarhcha ti hmarh anga lam tur, Hmar/Mar), anni Duhlian lamin hma lama sam zialho chu 'Pawih' an ti ve thung a. Duhlian zinga a hlawm lian ber Luseiho khan Duhlian ṭawng chu an hmang zel a, Lentlang vela thlang an tlak lai khan Duhlian ṭawng tih chu Lusei ṭawng tih a ni ve fo lo thei lo va. Sailohovin Mizoram an awp achinah phei chuan Duhlian ṭawng tih chu Lusei ṭawng tihin a lân ta a, Mizo ṭawng tihin a lan leh hma zawng kha chuan Lusei ṭawng (Lushai) tih a ni ta nghe nghe a ni. Mahse, a bulpui zawk leh Lusei ṭawng hringtu chu Duhlian ṭawng hi a ni," (Mizo History [Mizo hnam hrang hrangte chanchin], Chhut Hnihna–January, 2015) a ti.

R. Zuala pawhin, "Mizo ṭawng kan tih hi, dik tak chuan Duhlian ṭawng a ni zawk a..." (Mizo Ṭawng: Mizo Zia-rang; MAL, 1975) a lo ti bawk. Ralluaii Chhangte paw'n, "Tuna Mizo ṭawng kan tih hi hmanlai kan pi leh pute chuan Duhlian tiin an vuah ṭhin a; Lusei ṭawng an ti bawk ṭhin. Lusei ṭawng tia koh chu kan la ching zauh zauh nachungin, tunah hi chuan kan ṭawng hi Mizo ṭawng emaw, Zoṭawng emaw tiin kan vuah ber tawh a ni," (Mizo Ṭawng) a ti.

Hetiang hian han khaikhawm dawn ta ila. Mizo ṭawng chu Tibeto-Burman ṭawng chhungkuaa mi niin, Mizo ṭawng hi Duhlian ṭawng, a hnua Lusei ṭawng tia an sawi aṭanga lo zi chhuak chho a ni. Mahse, kan hriat atana pawimawh chu tuna Mizo ṭawng kan tih hi Duhlian emaw, Lusei emaw ṭawng bik a ni tawh lo tih kan chian a ṭha ang. Vai ṭawng, Sap ṭawng leh Mizo chi pêng hrang hrangte ṭawng (dialect) nen a inpawlh chiat tawh avangin Mizo chi peng/chi te-peng zawng zawng ṭawng (language) inṭâwmah pawm tur a ni. Tute nge Mizo tih chhanna chu R.B. McCabe-a'n (Our relation with the Eastern Lushai, March 1, 1892-a a ziahah chuan), "Luseiho chuan Mizo (Mizau) an inti a; chu chuan–Ralte, Molbem, Khuangli, Paithe, Taute, Jahau, Duhlein, Lakher, Fanai, Poi, Darlang, Tangur, Sukte, Mar, Falam, Paukhup, Liellul te a huam vek a ni," a ti; Mizo hnahthlakte kim chiah lo mah se, a huap zau tho mai.

JF Laldailova khan, "Mizo ṭawng hi 'tonal language' a nih avangin a thlûk dan azirte pawhin thumal pangngai hi awmze hrang hrang neiin thil hrang hrang sawi nan a hman theih a ni," (Bible Thlirna, 2003) a lo ti a. Mizovin ṭawng thlûk kan neih zat chungchangah kan lênthlak a rual lo nachungin, linguist Dr. Lalrindiki'n thlûk chi hrang pali–ri sang, ri hniam, ri lawn leh ri kuai kan nei a tih leh, Dr. Thangi'n tone chi li a awm a–thluk hniam, thluk sang, thluk chho leh thluk tlahniam a tih hi a pawmawm viau rih niin a lang (Sutpui, MAL–2014).

Darchuailova Renthlei chuan, "Ziaktu ṭhenkhatin Mizo ṭawngah thlûk li aia tam awma an hriatna chhan hi kawng hnih awmin a lang a, a pakhatna chu homophones hi thlûk hranga an chhiar vang a ni a; a pahnihna chu vowel tawi leh sei hi a hranga an chhiar vang a ni. Mizo ṭawngah hian a thlûk/a lam dan inang chiah, a spelling thuhmun chiah, a kawh leh a awmzia hrang daih, Part of Speech-a a nihna pawh dang aih a awm thluah mai a; heng hi homophones an ti a," a ti bawk (Zoṭawng Nihphung, Dinhmun leh Hmathlir, 2013).

JH Lorrain (Pu Buanga) leh FW Savidge (Sap Upa) ten Roman Script hi hawrawp atana hmangin Hunterian System an tih mai chu tlema tidanglam deuhvin A, Aw, B... min siamsak a. Lalhruaitluanga Ralte chuan, "Kan mi thiam hmasate’n an lo ziah dan chuan Pu Buanga ten Aizawla an lo luh hnu, kum 1895 February emaw, March emawah a aw b an siam tih hi a ni a. Hei hi a dik tawk lo va, Silchar-a an awm laiin kum 1893-ah khan an lo duang chhuak diam tawh zawk a... Kum 1893-a Silchar-a an awm laia an hawrawp siam chhuah chu heti ang hi a ni a, kum 1896 thleng pawhin an la hmang a ni. Chu an hawrawp duan chhuah chu: å, a, b, ch, d, e, f, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, u, v, z, ch a ni a, å hi aw tia lam a ni," a ti. A vaiin hawrawp 23 a ni.

Amah vek khan, "Heng hawrawp an duan chhuah hmasak hi kum 1897-a Grammar leh Dictionary siam zawh, kum 1898-a lo chhuakah chuan a, aw, b, ch, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, ṭ, u, v, z tiin hawrawp 24 a lo ni a. Ng hi alphabet zingah an telh lo va, n hmunah an dah mai a ni. Kum 1940-a chhuak Pu Buanga Dictionary-ah kha chuan j pawh Mizo ṭawngah hmanna a awm loh avangin a paih leh tawh a, hawrawp 23 a ni leh a. Zosapthara’n j leh Ng a belh leh hnuah hawrawp 25 a lo ni ta a ni," (Zoram Varṭian: Chanchinṭha leh Thuziak khaw var ṭan dan, 2008) a ti. Ralluaii Chhangte chuan vowel paruk–a, aw, e, i, o, u te kan nei a ti a (Mizo Ṭawng Chikna, a pawmawm viau rih bawk.

Mizote kawng dang dangah hma kan sawn zel ang chiahin kan Mizo ṭawng pawhin hma a sawn zel a, a hmaa dik nia kan lo pawm kha thlirna thar hmanga kan han thlir lehin dikhlel deuh te, sawifiahna ṭha zawk te a awm leh thei a. Ṭawng chungchangah phei chuan linguist-te thusawi kan bengkhawna kan ngaihven a ṭul ṭhin ang.

R.L. Thanmawia'n, "Sap ṭawng chu Subject, Verb, Object (SVO) a ni a, Mizo ṭawng erawh Subject, Object, Verb (SOV) a ni deuh ber a. Thanga (S) goes (V) to school (O) tih chu Mizo ṭawng chuan Thanga (S) sikulah (O) a kal (V) a ni tlat," (Chuailo Bu 2-na, 2010) a ti a. Mahse, mi ṭhenkhat chuan Object, Subject, Verb–OSV titu an awm bawk. Ralluaii Chhangte chuan, "Thil titu (subject) leh tuartu (object) hi, a eng zawk zawk pawh sawi hmasak theih a ni. Tichuan, thu indawt dan chu subject-object-pronominal-verb emaw, object-subject-verb emaw a ni thei a ni. Entirna: Siami’n Lala a ko, Lala Siami’n a ko (Mizo Ṭawng Chikna) a lo ti a. A thu vuak thlak anga subject leh object sawi hmasaka sawi hnuhnung theih a nih chuan Mizo word order chu SOV leh OSV a ni kawp tiin a khaikhawm theih dawn a ni.

Mahse, zawhna a awm nual thei ang. entirnan: 'Sanga'n rûl a that' kan tih hi SOV a ni a, 'Rûl, Sanga'n a that' ti ta ila OSV a ni ang. Han ngaihtuah vang vang ta ila, 'Rul, Sanga'n a that' tih ai chuan 'Sanga'n rul a that' tih chu a nih dan tur zawk leh a mar tluang ṭha zawk a ni tih kan hre theuh ang. Darchuailova Renthei chuan Ralluaii Chhangte sawi thlâwp deuh si; mahse, sawifiahna dang neiin–Mizo ṭawng chu SOV language a ni, entirnan: Thanga lehkha a zir (SOV), "Third person-a sentence siam a nih reng rengin Mizo ṭawng chu SOV language a ni a, subject a hmasa ber a, object-in a dawt a, verb-in a zui ṭhin," a ti. Mizo ṭawng hi OSV Language a ni. Entirnan: Lehkhabu ka ziak ve nual tawh asin (OSV), "First person-a thu kan sawi/sentence kan siam reng rengin object a hmasa ber a, subject-in a dawt a, verb-in a zui ṭhin," a ti bawk (Zoṭawng Nihphung, Dinhmun leh Hmathlir, 2013).

Darchuailova Renthlei thu vuakthlak chu, third person-a sentence kan siamin SOV a ni a; first person-a sentence kan siamin OSV tih a ni. Second person-a sentence kan siamin eng word order nge ni ve ang? Darchuailova Renthlei-in, "Third person-a sentence siam a nih reng rengin Mizo ṭawng chu SOV language a ni a, subject a hmasa ber a, object-in a dawt a, verb-in a zui ṭhin," a tih leh, "First person-a thu kan sawi/sentence kan siam reng rengin object a hmasa ber a, subject-in a dawt a, verb-in a zui ṭhin," a tih dikhlelna chu PC Thangziakpuia'n hetiang hian entirna a siamin a sawifiah:

1. Hranga'n mau a pu–3rd person

2. Keima'n mau ka pu–1st person

3. Nangma'n mau i pu–2nd person

A point khatna 'Hranga'n mau a pu' tih hi SOV a ni a, point hnihna leh thumnaa "Keima'n, nangma'n" tih a tel hian SOV tho a ni. Amaherawhchu, "Keima'n, nangma'n" tih tel kher lovin sentence puitling tho a ni a, kan sawi dan a ni zawk nghe nghe a–'Mau ka pu', 'Mau i pu' tiin. Hetah hi chuan OSV a ni ta a, mahse, a nihna takah chuan SOV tho kha a ni tih chu PC Thangzikpuia thu vuakthlak a ni. Hetiang hian a sawi, "Mau ka pu tiin leh mau i pu ti tein a surface structure chauh hi kan chelek ta zawk ṭhin a. Hetianga a surface structure zawk kan cheleknaah hian word order hi object-subject-verb (OSV) angin a lang ta mai ṭhin chauh zawk a ni. Entirnaa kan tar lan ang hian, a awmze bulthum (deep structure) lamah chuan subject-object-pronoun-verb (SOPV) hi a ni reng tho a ni," a ti. Hetiang hian a khaikhawm, "Chuvangin, Mizo ṭawnga intransitive verb hmanga sentence kan siamah chuan 'subject-pronoun-verb' (SPV) hi thu chheh indawt dan a ni a. Transitive verb hmanga sentence kan siamah chuan 'subject-object-verb' (SOPV) hi kan thu chheh indawt dan a ni ta a ni," (Mizo Ṭawng Grammar [Based on it usage and unique features], 2019) tiin. A chhunga thuziak kan tarlan aṭang khian Mizo ṭawng hi SOV a ni tiin a khaikhawm theih ang.

"Kan Duhlian ṭawng hi kan hnam phu tawkah chuan ṭawng famkim ber pawl a ni a; khawvel ṭawng mawi ber zinga mi a nih pawh ka ring. Grik tawng hi chu kan tluk lo vang a; Hebrai erawh hi chu kan khûm hial ka ring a ni,"– JF Laldailova

- Zoliansanga Tlau