Mizorama hun inlûmlet kara teak hlutna

Teak (Tectona grandis L.f) hi thing chi khat, ram lum leh uap bawh, thingzai atana a ṭhat em avanga thingkung pawimawh tak leh hralh kal tak a ni. Khawvel pumah hian hmun inang lo tak taka awm a ni a, chungte chu:

(1) India ram laili leh khawchhak lamah

(2) Myanmar, Laos leh Thailand hmarthlang lamah

(3) Indonesia (a bik takin Java khawchhak lam ram leh a laili lamahte leh Muna leh Betung thliarkar hnaih lamahte).

India ramah chuan a tlangpui thuin tuipuiin a hual vel ram kan tih, tui tamna hmun Madhya Pradesh, Maharashthra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka leh Kerala te hi a awm tamna a ni a. Amaherawhchu, teak hmun siamna lamah state hrang hrangte kan ṭhan chhoh tak zel avangin teak thing awmna hmun a pung chak hle a, a tualṭo lohna hmun India hmarchhak lam thlengin. Lehkhabu leh thuziak hlui aṭanga kan chhui theih chinah chuan kum zabi 18-na tawp lamah khan India hmarchhak lamah chuan Assam ram chhunga Makum ramah hian phun hmasak ber a ni a, heta ṭang hian Mizoram thlengin a darh zau zel ta a ni. Mahse, an phun dante leh an hmanraw hmante erawh chhinchhiahna felfai tak a awm loh avangin chiang taka sawi a harsa tawh a ni.

Teak thing hi a hlai ṭha a, a chang ṭha a, thil chi hrang hranga hman theih a nihna hi a larna leh a hlutna a ni. In chhung bungraw chi hrang hrang leh in saknaah te, in chhung cheimawina atante leh in chhung pindan siamna atana hman tlanglawn ber a nih piah lamah, agro-forestry kalphung atana thil pawimawh tak a ni tel bawk. Mizoramah chuan chet a awlsamna hmun phai zawl dep tlang tenaua phun a ni ber a. Kolasib, Aizawl, Lawngtlai, Lunglei leh Mamit district-te hi teak huan siamna hmunpui berte chu a ni.

Mizoram sawrkar hnuaia Environment, Forest & Climate Change Dept-in a tarlan dan chuan, teak hi A-1 class-a dah niin, hei hi a chhan ber chu a thing ṭhat vang leh a tlo em vang a ni. Tunah hian Aizawl lamah chuan teak man hi cubic ft. 1-ah Rs 1,500- ,1700 inkar vel a ni tlangpui a. Far thing hi cubic ft 1-ah Rs 550 a ni a, thing dang duap deuhte chu Rs 550-800 inkar vel a ni; heng thing dangte ai hian teak man a sang zawk fe a ni. Teak thing hmanga khum a zau zawng 2X6 hi Rs 10,000-15,000 inkar a ni a, thing danga siam chu Rs 5,000-10,000 vel a ni thung. Heng bakah hian Mizo in pangngai sakna atan hian teak thing hi a tlo avang leh a chan ṭhat em avangin in banril leh a banpui atantea hman tlanglawn nasat ber a ni bawk.

Agro-forestry kalphung ṭhatzia hi chu India ram mai ni loin, khawvel puma hriat a ni. He huan thlai kalphung tihhlawhtlinna kawnga thingkung pawimawh kumkhua ni zel tur chu teak thing a ni. Thingzai ṭha tak niin, loneitute tana sum hmuhna hnar ṭha tak a ni. Lei che tur vengin lei a vawng ṭha a, daihlim nuam tak a siam mai bakah, thlai dangte nena phun kawp theih a ni bawk. A ṭhan muan avangin loneitute hian thlai dang an chin tel a pawimawh a, teak thing leh thlai dang mumal tak leh inbuk tawk taka an enkawl a ngai.

Mizoram lamah chuan a tlangpui thuin teak thing hi a sên laiin vaimim emaw, buh emaw nen a phun kawp ṭhin. Amaherawhchu, a teak zarin ni eng a hliah emaw, thlai dangte a zar hliah hneh viau emaw chuan thlai dang phun hi bansan a ni ṭhin a, chumi a nih loh chuan thlai dang pawh phun chhunzawm a ni tho ṭhin. Teak thing hi huan ramri-ah lei ṭhatna luang ral tur venna atana phun tlar ṭhin a ni bawk a; hei hian huan thlai ṭhatna kawngah nasa takin a pui thei a ni.

Tun dinhmunah chuan teak huan siamna hmuna teak phun tawh sate hian teak thingzai sumdawnna kawnga a ber a ni mek a, ram chhung leh pawna teak thingzai mamawhna belhna pawh a rawn phuhruk chho zel a. India ram hian teak thing zai sa leh la zai loh lak luhna kawnga ram 43 zinga a ber nihna luahin, zaa 97% lai a luah mek a. Chuvang chuan, teak hmanga sumdawnna kawng zawh hi state sum lak luhna hnar ṭha tak a ni thei. Mimal teak huan siamte pawhin Forest department lamah inziak lutin, zai phalna an lak a, pawisa tlemte chauh an chawi a. Amaherawhchu, thing zai phalna la tur chuan a lo berah the kualin cm. 60 tling a ni tur a ni a, chutiang zata ṭhang lian tur chuan teak hian kum 12-15 inkar a duh tlangpui.

Mizoram University hnuaia Biodiversity Research Centre chuan North East-a teak phun ṭan a nih dan a chhui chiang mek a, project anga kalpuiin, research funding hi Anusandhan National Research Foundation, New Delhi (a hming hmasa Science and Engineering Research Board Project No. EEO/2021/000390) aṭanga lo kal a ni. Tunlai biotechnology khawl thiamna hmangin teak thing hi India chhim lam tualṭo sa a ni reng nge, a chi dang chi a awm ve hrim hrim tih an zir chiang mek a ni.

Hei bakah hian Mizoram hmun hrang hrang Kolasib, Thenzawl leh Champhaia teak awmte chu la khawma zir chiangin, heng teak-te hi a chhah lam 622.23-624.37 kg/m3 te a ni hlawm. Heng a chhah zawng hian a thing ṭhatzia, tlozia leh a daih reizia a tilang. Heng thing an lak khawmte hi a hnâwng chhe lo a, a chàng (sáwng tê) ve the chiam lohna hi a ṭhatna leh a nghehna tilangtu a ni. Hengte avang hian teak hi a mawih har a, a che ve tehchiam lo a, boruak a inthlak pawhin a danglam loh avang hian a khiin a keh ve mai mai lo a ni.

Mizoram tan hian teak hian hlawkna leh ṭhatna tam tak a keng tel a. Pawisa peipunna dang ang bawkin khuarei nghah emaw, rei lo tea hlawkna lak luhna kawng a awm ve ve. Teak thing ṭha ber chi nei tur chuan a lo berah kum 50-60 inkar nghah a ngai a, mahse, a tlangpui thuin kum 25-40 inkar vel a tâwk vel viau; thing ṭha, sum lakluhna atana tlai bawk si lo a nih avangin. Mizorama teak-te hi a tlangpuiin kum 35-45 inkar vela upa hi the kualin cm. 80-120 vela hlai leh lian ṭha a ni thei a. The kuala cm. 120 a chhah thang thingte chu a volume 0.84m3 niin, heta ṭang hian 0.33m3 vel hi a thing ṭhat zawng a ni a, chuta ṭang chuan teak kung khat hi Rs 17,500-20,000 manah a chhût theih a ni. Tunah rih chuan a tlangpui thuin teak thing phun chhung hi kum 12-15 inkar vel hman hi a lar chho ta viau a. Heng teak thingte hian a kum a kum tel kih loa zuah upatte hi a ṭhat zawngah leh a mawi zawngah tluk lo mah se, hlawkna tam tak chu a nei tho mai.

Khawvel puma teak thing hmanga sumdawnna hi kum 2023 khan US dollar tluklehdingawn(billion) 44 hua ngaih a ni a, 2024 khan US dollar billion 47.83-ah a kai a, kum 2032-ah chuan US dollar billion 93.22 tling tura ngaih niin, a ṭhanna hi CAGR 8.7% lai a ni.

Sum peipunna kawnga hlawkna sang tak hmu let tur chuan a chi kan tih ṭhat chhoh zel a pawimawh bakah, a chi ṭha ber chi kan hman a pawimawh viau. Loneitute pawh teak ṭha ber chi an thar theihna atan a enkawl danah te, ei chhe theitu rannung tihbo dante leh leiṭha pek danahte zirtirna pek an ni tur a ni. State dangte nena kan insumdawnna a ṭhat chhoh zel avangin teak sumdawnna hi state pawn piah lam thlenga ṭhang zel tur a ni a, hei hian sumdawnna mai bakah, hna a siam belh a, sawrkar leh mipuite tana sum lak luhna kawng a hawng chho zel dawn a ni.

- Baby Lalremruati and N. Lyngdoh, Dept of Environmental Science, Mizoram University, Aizawl