DOCTRINE OF ENDS AND MEANS: MACHIAVELLI LEH GANDHI THLIRNA AṬANGIN

Duh thlang turin zalena i nei teh meuh mai, amaherawhchu, vawiina duhthlanna i siam hian naktuk zela i neih turte leh i thawh turte a hril vek dawn a ni. – Zig Zaglar

Mihring duhthlanna awm reng ṭhin hi tu tan mah hnial rual a ni lo vang. Mihring nuna thil inthlak danglam zung zung karah hian eng hi nge ngaihhlut tur ni a, eng ber hi nge kan nun pumpui tan hian pawimawh hmasa tih hriatthiam a harsa tawh ṭhin. Tunlaiah pawh tunlai thei ang bera khawsak tumte phei chu an buai zual a; duh thlang, thlang sual fê fê lah an tam, an thlan sual tuarin an rum fo ṭhin. Hetiang hun a lo thlen tawh hi chuan innghahna tur rin tlak, hun leh nun danglam zel karah pawh danglam ve mai mai lo kan nunin a mamawh ṭhin a ni. Nimahse, duhâmnaa khat hringfate hian kan ṭhatna turin kan nunin innghahna rintlak a mamawh a ni tih ngaihtuah chang lo lekin nun hlimna kan zawng a, chumi ûm chuan kan tlan a. A tirah chuan hlimawmin nuam viau mah se, chung kan duh leh kan ît te, kan thlakhlelh thilte chuan rei a daih mawlh si lo. Mi tam takin an nun an tihchhiat phah a, an tichhe mek bawk. Lungngaihna leh rûmna an insiam chawp a, an pang tinatu tam tak an insiam ta ṭhin a ni. Pathian chuan zalên taka duhthlan theihna chu ṭhat tlânna atâna khuahkhirh ni tûrin a duh a. Zalênna pumhlûm ni lo, mahse, zalênna inkûngkaih, dân rorêlna hnuaia awm min neihtîr hi a tum dân a ni.

Kan Bible-ah hian duh thlang sual tam tak kan hmu, a hmasa berte chu Evi leh Adama an ni. Pathianin ei loh tur a tih kha anmahni duhthlanna ngeiin an ei. Rul khan Evi kha a thlem a, nimahsela, duh thlan tur an nei reng a; Pathianin hei chu in ei tur a ni lo tih leh, Setana’n in ei chuan in mit a lo var ang, a tihah kha an duh zawk zawm thei turin duh thlan theihna an nei a ni. Pathian an an duh avangin duh an thlang fuh ta lo a, vawiin thlengin mihringte chu suala piang, chhandam ngai kan lo nih phah ta bawk a ni. Duh thlan fuh loh chu a pawi hle a ni.

Mihring nunah hian duh kan thlan fuh loh avanga kan nih tur ang ni pha ta lo hi he khawvel thilah pawh hian kan tam viau awm e. Kan thil tihna reng rengah ṭhahnemngai taka tih hun laia dâwngdah leh inthlahdah taka kan tih ṭhin avangin kan nih tur ang te, kan thlen tur angte kan thleng pha lo fo. Khatih hun lai khan hetiang hian lo ti ila chu aw, han tih vawng vawngna tur hi a tuate pawh hian kan nei ṭheuh awm asin.

Gandhi–Means and Ends

India hnampa Gandhi thurin pawimawh em emte zinga mi chu ‘Doctrine of means and ends’ hi a ni. Hemi awmzia chu, a bul ṭanna hi a tawp ang bawkin a pawimawh a tihna a ni. Kautilya te, Mahchiavelli te ngaihdanah chuan, kan thil duh kan neih theihna tur (power) a nih chuan eng pawh kan ti mai tur a ni, tih hreh neih loh tur, tiin ngaihdan an nei. Hemi letling chiah hian Gandhi-a hian ngaihdan a rawn nei ve thung a; ani ngaihdanah chuan thil duh kan neih theihna tur hian a kawng leh hmalakna tur hi kan duhtui ve tho tur a ni tih a ni. A bul ṭanna hi a tawp ang bawkin a pawimawh a; pawimawh lo bik a awm lo a, an pawimawh dan leh hlut dan a inang ve ve a ni tiin. Thing pawh hi a kung a ṭhat chuan a rah pawh a ṭhatna ‘chance’ hi a sang a, thei hrisel tak hrin chhuahna ‘chance’ a sang bik a ni a ti. Thingkung hrisel lo tak aṭang chuan thei rah ṭha tak beisei san a har a, a kung a ṭhat erawh chuan a rah pawh a ṭha nge nge ṭhin, a tihna a ni ber e.

Chutiang bawkin mihringte pawh hian kan bul ṭanna kan uluk a, kan duhtui chuan a lawmman kan têl tur hi a duhawm em em ṭhin. Bul ṭanna duhtui lo leh uluk lo chuan rah ṭha leh duhawm an nei ngai meuh lo. Gandhi thurin hi kan ram hruaitute pawh hian infuih thar nan hmang ṭhin se hma kan sawn phah viauin a rinawm. Ram hruaitu ṭhenkhat, a rah (means) ringawt ngai pawimawh, a bul ṭanna leh hmalakna duhtui lo hi an awm emaw ni le aw, tih theih turin mualpho zui ta hriattur an awm chho ta zeuh zeuh mai.

Thuneihna hi a pawimawh a, amaherawhchu, chu thuneihna neih kan tum dan kawng erawh kan uluk a pawimawh em em. Ram hruaitute zingah a tawp an ngaih pawimawh ang bawka a bul ṭanna uluk leh thianghlim apiangte hi an tloin an daih rei dawn a ni. An thil duh leh tum tihhlawhtlinna tura an hmalakna leh duhthlanna hian an hun lo la awm tur hi a nghawng thui hle dawn. An bul ṭan dan duhtui a, uluk apiangte hi ram hmangaihtu leh ramin hma kan sawn phahna a ni tiin hriat reng an ni tawh ang. Anmahni mai bakah, an tuchhuan thlenga mite zah leh entawn an ni dawn. Chutiang ni lo a, an thil duh an tihhlawhtlinna tur a tih hreh nei lo an nih erawh chuan an dam chhunga kawh rawn leh deusawh an ni reng tawh dawn a ni.

Machiavelli – Means and Ends

Machiavelli ‘The end justifies the means’ sawi dawn chuan ‘power’ hi sawi ngei ngei a ngai ṭhin. Italian political philosopher lar Machiavelli chuan politics hi 'power' neih duhna mai a ni a ti. Philosopher ropui Hobbes-a'n, "Life is brutish, nasty, short..." tia mihring nun chu chhe tak, enkawl ngai, hruaitu mamawh, thuneihna pumhlum neiin enkawl an ngai a tih te, Aristotle-a'n, "Man by nature is selfish" a lo tihte hi politics-a mihring rilru puthmang tlangpui a ni tih chu a pawmawm viau a ni. Chumi a nih avang chuan power neih kan duhna lamah hian hmanraw remchang apiang kan banin kan la lawr tawh mai ṭhin a. Chu tak chu Nicollo Machiavelli chuan, a lehkhabu, 'The Prince-ah' power kan neihna tur a nih chuan eng hmanrua pawh hman mai tur, a tawpah kan tum kan hlen theihna a nih phawt chuan ‘The end justifies the means’ tiin a lo sawi ve bawk. Hetiang hi politics-a thuneihna kalkawng a nih miau avangin nationalism pawh hi thuneihna channa atana hmanraw pawimawh leh ṭangkai berte zinga mi a ni. Machiavelli thurin leh a philosophy lailum luah bertute zinga mi hi a ni ta reng a ni.

Tunlai khawvelah Machiavelli ngaihdan ang pu mi hi tam tak an awm tawh a, an la awm belh zel dawn bawk. He thurin hian ṭhatna leh ṭhat lohna tam tak a nei ang. A ṭhatna chu miin tum mumal a neih a, chu a tum tihlawhtling tura theihtawp a chhuah a, chân pawh huama a tih chuan hlawhtlinna pawh a chang nghe nghe ṭhin. Zirlaite hian hemi thurin hi an zawm theih chuan a ṭha hlein ka ring a; zirna kawngah chuan hei aia thurin belh tlak hi a awm kher lo ang. Amaherawhchu, ram hruaina atan chuan he thurin hi chu a ṭha ber hi a ni lo mai thei. Ram hruaitute hian an tum ber leh an dah pawimawh berte zinga mi chu ‘power’ neih a ni. Power neih duhna hian mi tam tak a lo hruai sual tawh ṭhin a, a hruai sual mek zel bawk. Thuneih duhna hian duh thlan tur dik a thlantir thei lo fo a, thil ṭha tih aiah thil ṭha lo tih hian a zui duh châwk. Thuneihna channa tur a nih chuan eng pawh tih huam hi kan awm chho ta nawk mai. Kan duh kan neih theihna tur chuan mualpho leh zah pawh pawisalo kan tam tial tial a. Kan ram hruaitute (hruaitu lo ni tawh tiamin) he thurinin a chiah hneh (influence) hi an awm ta nuk emaw ni le, tih theih turin duhthlanna fimkhur lo leh thil dik lo tih pawisalo hmuh tur an awm chho ta nuk mai. Hei hian nghawng thui tak a nei ṭhin a ni.

Machiavelli thurin leh tunlai khawvel

Pakistan rama hruaitu ni tawh zinga huhâng ngah berte zing a mi leh Prime Minister hlui lo ni tawh Imran Khan chungchang hi sawi tur a tam awm e. Imran Khan hi kum 2022-a Parliament-a no-confidence vote hmanga prime minister a nihna aṭanga paihthlak a nih hnuah thubuai tam tak siamsak a ni a, criminal case 150 chuang a nei. Mahse, an party chuan an puhna hrang hrangte chu politics-a inbeihna a ni, an ti. A thubuai ṭhenkhatah hian thiam loh chantirin, hremna pawh tihchhuah a ni tawh a, nikum August thla aṭang khan jail-ah dah a ni. A thubuai langsar berte zinga mi chu eirukna a ni awm e.

Imran Khan chhuah phûta nawrh an huaihawtah tun hnai mai khan buaina nasa tak a chhuak. Buaina chhuakah hian mi paruk an thi tawh a, thi zingah hian security service mi leh sa pali an tel. Interior minister Mohsin Naqvi chuan nawrh huaihawtte hian ralthuam an hman chuan sipaite pawhin silai nen an chhang let ve nghal dawn tih a sawi. Mipui pungkhawmte hnawh darh tumin police-te chuan tear gas-te an hmang nghe nghe. Hemi inbeihna avang hian journalist ṭhenkhat hliam tuar an awm bawk. Pakistan khawpui, Islamabad-a PTI nawrh huaihawt hi Imran Khan nupui Bushra Bibi chuan a ho a, Khan hi chhuah a nih loh chuan hma an la chhunzawm zel dawn tih a sawi. Nawrh huaihawt dawn avang hian Pakistan sorkar chuan kar liam ta Zirtawpni aṭang khan an ram chhung hmun ṭhenkhatah mobile leh internet service a titawp hial a, Khan-a thlawptu mi 4,000 chuang an lo man lawk tawh bawk. An ram buaina hi a reh lam aiin zual lam a la pan zel dawn bawk niin a lang. An zirna leh ei leh barna zawnna kawng thlengin a la tuar dawn chauh a ni. Kan thil tih leh duhthlannain kan hma hun a nghawng nasatzia hre chiang ber bertute zinga mi pawh a ni hial ang. Amah mai bakah an ramin a tawrh nasat phah em em mai bawk.

Delhi Chief Minister ni ṭhin, lar ber leh fak hlawh em em Arvin Kejriwal chanchin aṭang pawh hian zir tur a tam awm e. 21st Century chhunga India rama Chief Minister ṭha ber thlan tur ni se, a bûk rit ber berte zinga mi a ni awm e. Chutiang khawpa lar leh mi tam tak duh rawn mah ni se, a hun kal tawha a thil tih dik loh leh duhthlan dik tawk lohna avang hian CM a nih mek laiin jail-ah tàntir hmak a nih kha. Enforcement Directorate hian Arvind Kejriwal hi Delhi Excise Policy-a sum chheprelh leh dik lo taka thil tih kawngah a bul tumtu niin an puh a, policy zam kawngah amah ngeiin ruahmanna siamin, a thil sual tih aṭanga sum tihchingpen leh chhehrelh chu cheng vbc. 600 aia a tam an rin thu an sawi. Kejriwal hian ED-in thu zawh fiah tura inlan turin vawi kua an hriattirna pawh zawm chuang loin, high court-ah venhimna a dil a, hei hi high court hian a hnawlsak hnuah ED-te hian March 21, 2024 zan khan an man ta a ni. Delhi Excise Policy thubuai kaihnawihah hian AAP hruaitu Sanjay Singh leh Manish Sisodia te chu man an lo ni tawh bawk. CM ṭha ber ang hiala mi tam takin an ngaih, Delhi zirna reform-tu meuh pawh a hun kal tawha a duhthlanna leh a thil tih hian a ûm zui reng zel tih a lantir chiang hle awm e.

North-east state zinga CM lar tak Pema Khandu chanchin aṭang pawhin zirtur ṭha tak a awmin ka hria. Arunachal Pradesh-a ṭum thum a zawna CM ni thei hi CM ṭha tak leh chak tak a ni tih chu a chiang reng mai a. Amaherawhchu, ani pawh hi a duhthlanna dik tawk loh avang leh nepotism (laina induhsakna) avangin a mualpho hle a nih kha. Kumin March thla khan Supreme Court chuan Arunachal Pradesh sorkarin contract a pekah CM Pema Khandu laina hnaite hnena contract an pek dan chu chhui chiang turin a lo hriattir tawh a. CM laina hnaite hnenah contract pek a nih dan CAG chhui chiantir tura thupek tichhuaktu hi Justice Anirudhha Bose leh Justice Bela M Trivedi te ṭhut bench niin, heng hna pek danah hian thil dik tawk lo, thuneihna hman sualna a awm em tihte thlengin CAG hian a chhui a ni.

Tin, NGO aiawha ding lawyer Prashant Bhusan leh Neha Rathu chuan contract inpek danah hian dan bawhchhiatna tam tak a awm niin an sawi. Buhfai sem tura an thlan chhuah chu CM laina hnai tak niin, buhfai an sem danah thil fel lo tam tak a awm a ni, an ti. Hei bakah hian, National Calamity Contingency Fund leh Calamity Relief Fund hman danah pawh thil felhlel a awm thu an sawi bawk. CM chhungte contract pek, buhfai sem hna hi district 13 chhunga mi nuai 2 aia tam lo hnena sem tur a ni a, Public Distribution System (PDS) hnuaiah thla tin ration card holder-te hnenah kg 8-10 sem chhuah a ni ṭhin tur a ni, an ti. Mahse, contract thawktute thil tih danah thil fel tawk lo a awm tih sawiin, Voluntary Arunachal Sena leh Save Mon Region Federation chuan PIL hial an thehlut a nih kha. Thubuai theluhah hian Pema Khandu pa, Dorjee Khandu nupui pahnihna Rinchin Drema leh a vahpa, Tsering Tashi te pawh sawi lan an ni bawk. Dorjee Khandu hi AP chief minister a nih lai, kum 2011 khan helicopter tlaah a thi a ni. Rinchin Drema firm Brand Eagles hnenah hian sorkar contract lian tak tak pek a nih thu an tarlang bawk.

Mizoram state chang ni lo, mi state-ah pawh hian contract inpek chungchangah leh chhungkhat laina induhsakna leh invulh bikna hi a lo hluar tho mai a. A hun lai chuan nghawng neiin lang lem lo mah se, hun a kal zel a, an thil tih tawk lohna leh duhthlan sual avangte hian ûm zui zel an ni ṭhin a, a tawpah mualphona leh zahna a thlen châwk rêng a ni.

Tun hnaia North Eastern Hill University (NEHU)-a thil thleng aṭangte pawh hian inenfiahna tur a awmin ka hria. NEHU Vice Chancellor Prof. Prabha Shankar Shukla duhthlan dik loh leh thil tih sual vanga NEHU pumpui buai nasatzia khu rapthlak tak a ni. Zirlaite lungawi lohna chhante zinga mi chu VC-in a thua tling lo (competent) chung chunga Registrar, Deputy Registrar a ruat dan te, post dang lak danah fel tawk lo awm vangte hian lungawi lohna an lantir a ni. Deputy Registrar phei chu simple letter ziah mai mai pawh a thiam ṭha lo an ti. Zirlaite chuan an thil phût hrang hrangte hian ngaihven a hlawh ṭhat tawk loh avangin November 5 aṭang khan tiam chin awm loa chaw ngheia nawrh an huaihawt a, NEHU pawh khar a ni. Ni tin zing dar 9 aṭanga tlai dar 5 thleng sit-in demonstration an nei ṭhin. Nawrh an huaihawt chhung hian zirlai pathum chu damdawi-inah dah an ni a, an zingah hian NEHU SU president Sandy Sohtun pawh a tel nghe nghe. NEHU zirlaite lungawi lohna lantirna hi KSU, NEHU Unit leh Meghalaya Tribal Teachers’ Association (MeTTA), NEHU ten an thlawp bawk.

Hetiang hi an boruak a nih tak nuaiah chuan Ministry of Education chuan inquiry committee dinin, ni 2-3 chhunga report thehlut tura beisei an ni. NEHU SU President chuan Ministry hian an thil phut bul ber, a bik takin university-a nihna pawimawh neite bantir chu an tihlawhtling lo a nih chuan nawrh chhunzawm zel an tum thu a sawi. North East mai ni lo, India ram pum pawha univeristy ṭha pawl zinga mi NEHU buaina hi a thukin a ril hle mai. An buaina a fel mai dawn loin a lang. Hemi aṭanga thil chiang tak pakhat chu, nepotism nasa reng reng hi a tawpah chuan buaina zakhuain a hmuak ṭhin a ni. Chuvang chuan, kan thil duh leh tum tihhlawhtlinna kawngah hian ‘The end justify the means’ tih changchawi lutuk hian rah duhawm lo tak a chhuah chang a awm ṭhin.

Mihringte kan vanneih em emna chu duhthlan theihna kan nei hi a ni; kan vanduaina erawh chu, kan duhthlannain a hrin chhuah tur kan va thlang thei tawh lo lai hi a ni. Kan thil tih ang zelin rorelsakin kan awm dawn. Kan duhthlanna leh thil tihte hian kan dam chhungin min ûm zui tawh dawn a, duh kan thlan uluk a, thil ṭha kan tih chuan thlahte thlenga malsawmin kan awm dawn thung.

Kan ram hruaitute hian Machiavelli thurin ‘Kan duh kan hmuh theihna tur a nih chuan a bul ṭanna leh a hmanrua hi a pawimawh ber lo’ an ti dawn nge, Gandhi thurin ‘Kan duh kan hmuh theihna tura kan thil tih leh hmanrua hi a pawimawh dan a inang reng’ an ti dawn? Ram rorelnaa an hruaitute duhthlanna leh thil tih hian anmahni, an thlahte leh ram pumpui hi a nghawng pha zel a; chumi hre râna ram an kaihhruai a, an duhthlan leh thil tih turte an fimkhur deuh deuh a la ngai zel dawn. Mite’n engtin nge min hriat reng dan tur tih hi inzawt nawn fo ila, chu chuan duhthlanna sual lakah min veng ṭhin dawn a ni. 

- T. Lianhmingsanga, De Proletariáto