CYCLONE REMAL VANGA KHUAREL CHHIATNA (Climate change vang a lo ni)

Cyclone Remal hi tropical cyclone hlauhawm tak pakhat a ni. Tropical cyclone hian khawvel hmun hrang hrangah hming chi hrang a nei nual mai; chungte chu - hurricane, typhoon leh tornado tihte a ni. Lirnghing tih lovah chuan tropical cyclone hi khuarel chhiatna thlen thei zinga hlauhawm bera ngaih a ni. Tropical cyclone tleh chhung rei zawng (life cycle) hi ni khat (darkar 24) chauh emaw, thla khat emaw lai pawh a ni thei. Mi thiamte chuan sik leh sa kalphung inthlak danglam mek (climate change) avangin tropical cyclone a tam tial tial a, a nghawng (destructive power) pawh a na tawlh tawlh niin an hria. Tropical cyclone hi km. 200-500 chhungah a tleh ber a, km. 1000 laia zau pawh a huam thei. A tleh theihna ram a tam sawt hle a, a let hnih laiin a pung tawh.

Cyclone hi Grik tawng ‘Cyclo’ aṭanga lak a ni, rûl inkual ang sawina a ni. Bay of Bengal leh Arabian Sea chunga cyclone chi ho hi rûl inkual angin a insiam ṭhin. Cyclone tih hi English lawngpu pakhat Henry Peddington (1797-1858) phuah a ni. Cyclone hi tropical leh temperate cyclone-ahte ṭhen a ni. Tropic of Cancer leh capricorn huam chhunga tleh ṭhin hi ‘tropical cyclone’ an ni. Tropical cyclone hi tuifinriat lumna leh boruak lum avanga insiam, thlipui chak taka lo chang ta a ni. Ruahtui tam tak a keng tel ṭhin. Tun hnai hian tropical cyclone hlauhawm tak tak (category-5) a awm nual mai. A langsar zualte chu Hurricane Katrina (2005), Typhoon Haiyan (2013), Hurricane Irma leh Maria (2017) leh Cyclone Harold (2020)-te an ni.

Cyclone Remal insiam dan

‘Remal’ tih hi Arabic ṭawng a ni a, ‘ṭiau vaivut’ (sand) tihna a ni. Oman sawrkar hming koh a ni. WMO kaihhruaina hnuaiah Cyclone hming phuah dan hi mumal takin kalpui a ni. Cyclone-te hi kum tin hming thar an pe ṭhin. Cycle kalhmang hriat nan leh mipui zirtir nana ṭangkai tur zawnga phuah a ni hlawm. Cyclone hi India ram chhungah vawi hnih (bi-annual)-in a thawk ṭhin - a hmasa zawk chu March-May leh a hnuhnung zawk chu October-December inkarah a tleh thung. Arabian Sea leh Bay of Bengal aṭanga insiam an ni. Climate scientist-te sawi danin ‘Bay of Bengal tuipuiah hian Arabian Sea aiin cyclone hi a let li-in a tleh tam zawk, a hlauhawm zawk bawk’ an ti.

Cyclone Remal hi May 25-28, 2024 chhunga tleh, Bangladesh, West Bengal leh India hmar chhak state hrang hranga chhiatna namenlo thlentu a ni. Cyclone Remal hi Bay of Bengal tuipui hmar lam chungah boruak rihna tlahniam inmung aṭanga rawn insiam a ni. May 22, 2024 khan Indian Meterological Department (IMD) chuan Bay of Bengal (BoB)-ah boruak tlahniam (low pressure area), cyclone insiam mai thei a awm tih an hria a; hei hi BoB chhimthlang pana a kal zel chuan cyclone-ah a chang thei tih an puang.

Hetih lai hian, Indian Ocean tuipui chungláng lumna pawh a sang hle. ‘Cyclonic storm’ insiam theihna chance pawh a sang. Cyclone Remal insiamin, Bangladesh, West Bengal leh India hmar chhak state ṭhenkhatte a hrût kual ta a, kumina cyclone tleh hmasa ber a ni.

Bay of Bengal hi khawvela litengsawl lian ber a ni a, sq.km. nuai 26-a zau a ni. Tropical cyclone tleh tamna ber hmun a ni bawk. Kum 200 liam ta chhunga khawvela cyclone hlauhawm ber ber 30 zinga 22 chu Bay of Bengal tuipui aṭanga insiam a ni. Bay of Bengal tuipui hi khawmual leh khawmual inkarah tui thunna dâwt (funnel) angin a inkhawh lut a, khawmual hnaih lam, hmar lam tuifinriat hi a thûk loh bakah, khawmual kil thumin a hual vel a ni. Tuipuia luang lut lui tenau a awm nual bawk. Tuifinriat kam khawmualte hi tuifinriat aṭangin metre 4/5 vel emaw chauhvin an sang a, tuifinriat kam hnaia hmasawnna hma thar laknate hian cyclone a tichak zual niin an hre bawk.

Tun hnai hian Bay of Bengal leh Arabian Sea-ah cyclone a tleh tam hle. Chungte chu Cylone Mocha (2023), Cyclone Asani (May 2022), Cyclone Tauktae (May 2021), Cyclone Yaasa (May 2021), Cyclone Nisarga (June 2020), Super Cyclone Amphan (May 2020) leh Cyclone Fani (May 2019)-te a ni.

Chhiatna a thlen dan

May 26, 2024 tlai lam aṭangin Cyclone hian Bangladesh leh West Bengal a thleng a; Bangladesh-ah hian mihring thi an awm nual a, sang tam tak chenna a tihchhiatsak bakah khawpui chhungah tui a lian bawk. Bangladesh-ah Cyclone Remal hi a tleh rei khawp mai a, darkar 36 chuang a tleh. Kum 2009 khan Cyclone Aila khan darkar 34 lai a lo chàm chilh tawh bawk. West Bengal tuipui kam velah chuan darkar khata km. 135-a chakin a tleh a, thingkung 2,140 chu a bul chawpin a phawng a, kawlphetha ban 337 a titlu a ni.

Mizoramah cyclone hlauhthawnna (warning) hi kan dawng ve fo va, khaw ṭhenkhatah chhiatna a thlen ve châng a awm ṭhin. Cyclone Remal anga thawk ná hi kan la tawng ngai awm lo e. Cyclone avang hian May 27 tlai lam aṭangin May 28 zing thleng ruah a sur a, ruahtui tlak tam zawng chu 205 mm. (8.07 inches) a ni. Hmun tam takah lei a min a, inte lain, a chhilh bawk a; mitthi pawh an awm nual. Tlawng lui lianin PHE tui pump a len chhia a, PHE hotute pawh an mangang hle. Electric line tam tak a chhe bawk. Leimin avangin kawngpui a ping nual a, nunphung a tikhaihlak hle. In leh lo chhia a awm nual a, thlai leh eizawnna a tihchhiat hlut zawng (economic loss) hi engzat nge tih a la hriat theih loh. Hengte hi chhût chhuah a, zangnadawmna pek ngei tur an ni ang.

Climate change vang a ni

Kum 1850 hnu lama thilsiamna lama harhna (industrial revolution) hian boruak chhia a titam hle mai a. Hei hian boruak lumna a siam belh a, hetiang hi 'greenhouse effect’ an ti. Hmasawnna avanga boruak lum zel hi ‘climate change’ tih a ni. Mithiamte chuan kum 1850 vel nen khaikhinin khawvel hi degree Celsius 1.2-in a lum belh tawh niin an chhut. Khawvel lumna chawhrual hi degree Celsius 1.5 aia a san chuan mihringte tan chhiatna namenlo a thleng thei dawn a ni.

Climate change hian mihringte nunphung a tibuai nasa em em tawh a. Boruak lum lutuk (heatwave) te, khaw vawt lutuk (cold wave) te, ruahsur nasa (heavy rainfall) leh tuilian (flooding)-te a tam phah. Natna chi hrang hrang a pun phah bakah buh leh bal chin dan thlengin a nghawng a ni. Climate change nghawng na lutuk tur tihnêp dan zawn leh inher rem dan (mitigation & adaptation strategy) ngaihtuah hi khawvel agenda lian ber a ni ta.

Bangaldesh-a cyclone tleh ṭhin hi tun hma lam chuan kum khatah vawi khat emaw chauh tleh ṭhin a, tunah chuan vawi hnih/thum laite a tleh ta fo mai. Climate scientist-te chuan khawvel lum zel hian khawmual bakah tuifianriat chungláng pawh a tilum zual hlein an hria a, Indian Ocean pawh hi a lum chak hlein an hria. Tuifinriat chungláng lum zawng hi a tlangpuiin Celsius degree 26 aṭanga 30 vel a ni a. Tun hnai hian Bay of Bengal tuipui chungláng (sea surface temperature) lum zawng chu centigrade degree 30-32 inkar a ni. Hmun ṭhenkhatah phei chuan centigrade degree 32 chuangte pawh a tling hial. Hei hian cyclone chak tak leh tuihû leh hnâwng tam tak a siam a ni.

Indian Ocean vela cyclone tleh dan hi kum 1,000 chhung chanchin chu chhinchhiah a ni a. Cyclone chungchang zirtute chuan ‘Kum 1890 hnu lama sik leh sa danglam chhan hi mihringte hmasawnna vang a ni a, hei hian cyclone hlauhawm tak tak a siam phah,’ an ti. Cyclone hi a tleh na tial tial a, a daih rei bawk a, ruahtui a pai tam zel bawk. Scientist-te chuan, ‘South Asia-a cyclone tam chhan hi khawmual leh tuifinriat chungláng lum zual zel vang a ni,’ an ti.

Cylone Remal thlentirtu tuifinriat chung sa lutuk ang hi a awm fo dawna ngaih a ni. Ṭum khat ruah bawhawk sur ang chi te, thlipui na taka tleh ṭhin leh khaw lum nasa tak ang chite hi India leh a chhehvel ramahte hian a awm ve ṭhin dawn niin an hria. Ram hran hrang huapa boruak khu chhia khuakhirh zel (emission control) bakah mahni tualchhung mila invenna siam thiam (local adaptation) a pawimawh ta.

Mizoramin Climate Change a hmachhawn

Mizorama mithiamte chuan, ‘Mizoram sik leh sa kalhmang pawh a danglam ve mek,’ an ti. Kum 1986-2017 inkar hian kum tin ruahsur hi mm. 5.22-in a tlahniam a; khaw lum dan hi chawhrualin kum tin Celsius degree 0.04-in a san belh bawk. Ruahtui tlak dan hian hunbi mumal pawh a nei thei tawh lo niin an hria. Hei hi tlang ram loneitute tan a buaithlak hle. Khaw lum zel avangin sikserh te, rannung seh natna leh dengue-te a pun phah bawk.

Thlai ṭhenkhat chin theihna hmunte a inthlak mek. Khawtlang lama serthlum ṭha duh em emte a tám thi a; serthlum ṭhat duhna hmun nia hriat ngai loh khawchhak lam North Vanlaiphai leh Biate-ahte serthlum a ṭha chho em em thung. Kuhva pawh hmun sang lamah a ṭha duh ve ṭan ta bawk. Khaw lum tuar thei thlai dragon fruit pawh a chin theih ve ta niin a lang. Khaw lum zel avangin Muga silkworm-te Mizoramah a ṭha duh ta niin a hriat (MISTIC, 2020).

Sik leh sa inthlak danglam mek avanga khuarel chhiatna, cyclone thlipui leh ruahsur tam thut ang chite kan tawk ve fo dawn niin a lang. Heng avanga chhiatna lo thleng theite hi a inven theih a, a insiamrem theih tih kan hriat a pawimawh hle. A bik takin leimin hi a hlauhawm ber niin a lang. In leh lo sak danah te, tuichhe paihna thu-ahte khawtlang hruaitute leh mithiamte thu ngaihchan a pawimawh khawp ang. Hlauhawm lo thleng tur inhriattir lawkna pawh mumal zawka kalpui a hun ta niin a lang. Tlawmngai pawlte huaisenna, fin leh varna leh an ṭanlakna pawh a pawimawh ang. Climate change avanga khuarel chhiatna laka kan him theih nan ngaihtuahna thar i hmang ang u.

- Prof. Vanlalchhawna