ṬHA, ṬHA LO; DIK, DIK LO CHU ENG TIN?

Mihringte hian ni tinin keimahni thil tih leh mi dangte thil tih kan hmuh leh hriatte hi ṭha, ṭha lo, dik, dik lo tiin ngaihdan kan siam ṭhin a. ‘Ṭha leh ṭha lo, dik leh dik lo’ chu engtin nge kan hriat? Khawi aṭang a hria nge kan nih? Eng tehfung nge kan hman? Ethics/moral philosophy aṭangin tawitein chhui i'n tum teh ang.

CHHIA LEH ṬHA HRIATNA (CONSCIENCE)

Mihringte hian chhia leh ṭha hriatna (conscience) kan nei a, kan chhia leh ṭha hriatna hmang hian kan thil tih turah duhthlanna kan nei a, duh kan thlang bawk ṭhin. Kan duhthlanna hmanga kan thil tihte chu a ṭha emaw, ṭha lo emaw, a dik emaw, dik lo emaw, a nghawng zawng zawngte nen kan mawhphurhna a ni.

Mihringte hian thil ṭha lo leh dik lo kan tih hian kan chhia leh ṭha hriatna chuan inthiam lohna, pawi tihna, etc. min neihtir ṭhin a. Chumi ngaithla duh lova kan tih luih zel chuan a tawpah chuan mihring chhia leh ṭha hriatna hloh/thi tawh, engmah pawisak nei lo kan lo ni ta ṭhin a ni.

Value system dik lo nei hnam aṭanga ṭhang liante chu chhia leh ṭha hriatna dik lo/thiang lo neiin an ṭhang lian fo ṭhin. Thil ṭha leh dik tih hi mihring nun awmze neia siamtu leh tihlutu a nih avangin kan tih tur reng (duty and obligation) a ni.

ṬHA LEH ṬHA LO, DIK LEH DIK LO TEHFUNG LO PIAN DAN LEH ṬHAN ZEL DAN (THE EVOLUTION OF MORAL LAW)

• Customery Morality/Customs:

Morality awmzia chu mihring thil tih ṭha leh ṭha lo, dik leh dik lo thliar hranna a ni kan ti thei ang.

A huhova cheng mihringten an tum ber chu dam khawchhuah a ni a. An dam khawchhuah theih nana an nun dan tur leh an tihturte chu ṭha leh dik a ni a, chumi kalh zawnga nun leh thil tihte chu ṭha lo leh dik lo a ni. An ram leh hnam ṭhatna leh himnaah khan an mimal, chhungkaw ṭhatna leh himna a tel tih an pawm a. Ram leh hnam (khua leh tui) dah hmasa nun (social self) an nei a, mahni hmasial lo (selfless) an ni bawk.

Mizo pi pute khan ram leh hnam dam khawchhuah theih nan an nun kil tina an zawm tur leh thununa kaihruaitu tur customary morality/customs khawvelah a aia ṭha awm bik lo chu an lo nei thlap a ni.

Entirnan:

• Sem sem dam dam, ei bil thi thi.

• Dam leh tlang khatah, thih leh ruam khatah.

• Ṭhenawm emaw, mangang thâwm reng reng hriaa chhan ngam lo chuan pawnfen féng nghal rawh se.

• Piangsual nuihsan suh, piansual leh phârin tlai luat a nei lo.

• Mihring leh ran nghaisatu chuan thla hlei an nei ngai lo, an thlahte thlengin an riral duh.

Kan pipute customary morality hian ni tina an zawm tur moral code of conduct a pek avangin social value, value system dik an nei ṭha hle a ni. Mizote hian kan pipute customary morality kha kan la vawng nung reng a, harsatna leh manganna kan tawhte hian kan Zo nun ze mawi kha a rawn inlar zual ṭhin.

• DAN (POSITIVE LAW)

Mihringte chu awm hmun ngheta awmin, an lo pung deuh deuh a. Inkalpawhnate a lo tamin, eizawnna hrang hrang a lo piang a. Customary morality aṭanga an nuna ṭangkai tawh lo nia an hriatte paih leh belhin, mi zawng zawng zawm tur dan (positive law) an siam ta a. Dân zawm duh lo emaw, bawhchhiate emaw chu na takin an hrem ta ṭhin a ni.

• ṬHA LEH ṬHA LO, DIK LEH DIK LOA MIMAL NGAIHDAN (REFLECTIVE/INDIVIDUAL MORALITY) :-

Mihringte chuan an ngaihtuahna sengin thil an chîk deuh deuh a. An dan siamte zingah inkalh thei leh an customary morality kalh theite an hmuchhuak a. An eizawnnaa an zawm ngai dan (rules)-te nen pawh inkalh chang a lo awm a. Hnam hrang hrangte ṭha leh ṭha lo, dik leh dik lo tih pawh a inang vek lo tih an lo hre ta zel a. Hengte avang hian ṭha leh ṭha lo, dik leh dik lo chu mimal chhia leh ṭha hriatna leh duhthlannaah an nghat ta deuh deuh a. Hetianga mimal ngaihdan leh duhthlanna dah pawimawhna chhan pahnih ni a an ngaihte chu (a) sociological agencies (b) psychological agencies te a ni.

• Sociological agencies:

Chhungkuaa thawk chhuahtute leh mahni thiamna leh finna hmanga mi hlawhtlingte'n an thawh chhuah leh hlawhtlinna mahni puala neih bik an duhna chuan chhungkua leh khawtlang a ṭhendarh a. Thiam bik ngai eizawnna chuan inelna a hring a, inelna thianghlim lo a thlen ṭhin a. Lalna leh thuneihna duh lutukte chuan pawisak an nei lo tial tial a, hnam inlungrualna leh inpumkhatna a tichhe ṭhin.

Sakhaw thar hnamin a vawn hian hnam nunphung (culture) leh hnam morality-te kha sakhaw tharin a do emaw, a zah loh chuan mipuite kha mahni hnam nun leh thil ngaisang si lo, thlah thei tak tak si lovin an awm thei a. Hnam identity pawh a buai phah fo ṭhin. Sakhaw thar chuan morality dang a zirtir/pek si loh chuan mipuite kha ṭha leh ṭha lo, dik leh dik lo an hriat dan a mumal lovin, ngaihdan mumal an neih theih loh phah fo.

• Psychological agencies:

Mimal chanvo dik (rights) an hre telh telh a, mimal pawimawhna leh hlimna kha hnam hmasawn nan a ṭul a ni tih an pawm. Mipat hmeichhiatna chungchanga hnam ngaihdante leh nupui pasal inneih chungchanga hnam dante zawm ai chuan mahni duhthlanna an dah lal a. Zalen taka mahni ngaihdan leh nun duh dan pho chhuah duhna a lo sang zel a. Mahni insawimawi, insawitheih leh an thil tihte tihlar an thiam a. An duh tihhlawhtlinna tur a nih phawt chuan pawisak an nei tlem hle. An mihringpuite pawh an hmang (exploit) mai ṭhin.

Reflective/Individual morality hi mimal leh a duhthlanna dah pawimawhna a nih avangin individualist a ni a. Mahni hmasial (selfish) a ni bawk.

• ṬHA LEH ṬHA LO, DIK LEH DIK LO TEH DAN TUR CHU (MORAL JUDGEMENT)

Mihringah hian lang thei leh lang thei lo lam a awm a, lang thei lo lam chu kan rilru ngaihtuahna hi a ni. Mihring rilru ngaihtuahna chu kan hmu thei lo va, a sawi chhuah loh chuan kan hre thei bawk hek lo. Nimahsela, mihringin a duhthlanna hmanga a thil tih zawng zawngte hi a rilru ngaihtuahna aṭanga chhuak vek a ni. Mihring thil tih tum (end) te, a thil tih chhan leh vangte leh a ruahmanna (motive and intention)-te chu a rilru ngaihtuahnaa awm a ni. A lang thei lam chu mihringin a duhthlanna hmanga a thil tih leh a thil tihna hmanrua (means)-te a ni. Mihring thil tihte kan teh dawn chuan heng a lang thei lo leh lang thei lam zawng zawng khi a ṭhain a dik tur a ni.

Chuvangin, mihring nun teh nan heng zawhna parukte hi kan zawt ngei ngei ṭhin tur a ni: (1) Tunge ni? (2) Enge a tih? (3) Eng vanga ti nge? (4) Engtin nge a tih? (5) Engtikah nge? (6) Khawiah nge?

• DAN (LAW)

Dan tel lo chuan mihringte hi kan cheng ho thei lo. Dan hi min kaihruaitu, phuar khawmtu, thununtu a ni. Democracy hnuaiah chuan dan hi dikna behchhana zam tur a ni a, a ṭul dan azira siamṭhat theih a ni. Dan hi ṭha leh ṭha lo, dik leh dik lo min hriattirtu a ni a, kan tih tur leh tih loh tur min hrilhtu leh roreltu a ni.

• HNATHAWH AWMZIA LEH THAWH DAN TUR (WORK ETHICS)

Mihringte hnathawh hrang hrangte hi rawngbawlna (service) a ni vek a. Hna hrang hrang kan thawhahte hian tih tur leh tih loh tur chin ethics a nei vek a. Entirnan: administrative ethics, medical ethics, media ethics, business ethics, teachers ethics, pastor ethics, etc.

• TIHTUR LEH MAWHPHURHNA (DUTY, RESPONSIBILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY)

• Mimal: Mihring pangngai puitling chin chu hna thawka mahni inchâwma inenkawl fel tur kan ni. Kan thil tih tur pawh kan chhia leh ṭha hriatna hmanga duh thlanga ti tur kan ni a, a nghawng tur tam zawk pawh hre tur kan ni. Kan thil tih dik leh dik lohah mawh kan phur a, mi dang puh a sâwt lo. Kan hnathawhnaahte kan hlawh phuin kan thawk em? Min chhawrtute tan innghah ngamna kan ni em? Chutih rualin, kan hnuaia thawkte tan innghahna tlak kan ni em? An chanvo dik (rights) kan hriatsak em? Eng security nge kan pek?

• Pawl: Pawl hrang hrangte hi mahni pawl leh ram tan thil ṭha ti tura din an ni. Chutihrual chuan, pawlin a tih leh tih loh tur chin hriat chian a ngai. Entirnan: Dan kan pêl em? Kan sum lak luh leh hman chhuah dan a fel em? Mimal hlawk nan kan hmang em?

• Sumdawnna: Sumdawngte (private firm-te nen) hian min dawrtute emaw, min chhawrtute emaw tan mi rinawm leh innghahna tlak kan ni em? Kan thil zawrh leh kan hnathawhte belhchian tlak a ni em?

• Sawrkar department: Sawrkar hnathawkte hi Conduct Rules hnuaia awm vek kan ni. Conduct Rules zawm te, department din chhan–thawh tur tihhlawhtlin leh tihhmasawn hi a thawktute zawng zawng tih tur leh mawhphurhna a ni.

• Hruaitu, thuneitu, hotu: Heng dinhmuna dingte (ram, kohhran, pawl, etc.)-te hian an thuneihna huam chhunga hnathawh hlawhtlin leh tlin loh, ṭhat leh ṭhat loh, hmasawn leh hmasawn loh, dan zawm leh zawm lohahte mawh an phur. Siamṭhat ngai siamṭha a, dan kenkawh chu an tih tur a ni. Dan bawhchhia leh zawm duh lote chu hremna a phu tawk an pe ngei tur a ni. Chutih rual chuan, hnathawk ṭhate an hriain, an chawimawiin, lawmman a phu tawk an pe tur a ni.

• Sakhuana: Sakhuana hi nun kawng ṭha leh dik min kawhhmuhtu tur a ni. Dan zawm kawngah te, rinawmna kawngah te, hnathawh kawngah te, sum lak luh leh hman dan kawngah te, ei leh in kawngah te, kan mihringpuite leh Pathian thilsiam dang, thil nung leh nung lo chunga kan chet dan turahte kawng ṭha leh dik hi sakhua/kohhran hruaituten min kawhhmuh hi an mawhphurhna a ni. Sakhaw zuitu mipui pawhin mawh kan phur a ni.

Kan hriat reng tur chu, mihringte hian kan chanvo dik kan hauh hmain kan tih tur leh mawhphurhna kan hlen hmasa phawt tur a ni. "I ram leh hnam a boral chuan nang leh i chhungte in him bik lo vang."

- Lalsangkimi Sailo