SPOIL SYSTEM

Spoil system tih hi ṭhenkhatte chuan patronage system tihtein an sawi bawk ṭhin a. A awmzia chu – sorkar kalphungah a fawng vuan lotu zawk party-te nêksâwr a, mahni laichin hnai leh party mite uchuak taka duhsakna kalphung tihna a ni thei mai awm e. Entir nan, sorkar hnathawktu laknaah merit leh qualification lam emaw aia party mi leh sa an nihna leh, inthlanna hmuna anmahni tana lo ṭangkai leh amah vote tlingtute an nihna avanga duhsakna ang chi hi. He system (kalphung) hian ram kalphung thlengin a thlak danglam theih avangin a nghawng a ṭha lo thei em em a, hnam dinchhuah theih lohna bulpui tak pawh a ni thei hial.

Spoil system hian kan ram chauhah kua a hreuh lo a, ram changkang zawk leh hmasawn zawka kan ngaih ramahte ngei pawh kua a hreuhin bu a khuar ṭhin. Kum zabi 19-naa US President atana Andrew Jackson thlan tlin a nih aṭang khan he thumal hi lo sawi rik a ni daih tawh a, langsar tak erawh chuan Thomas Jefferson leh Alexander Hamilton hun laiin hriat a ni ta zawk a. US President pathumna (1801-1809) atana Thomas Jefferson thlan tlin a nih khan he system hi sorkar hnalakna chi hrang hrangah hmehbel tur a awm a, tun hma lama ‘to the victors belong the spoils’ tih thuroluma an lo neih reng ṭhin tawh chu langsar taka hmuh theih turin tihlan a ni. US President hmasa ber George Washington kha April 30, 1789 aṭanga March 3, 1797 chhung President a ni a, chutih hun lai chuan eng party-ah nge a awm hriat mumal a ni lo a, sorkar inzawm khawm duh party (federalist) tih ringawta hriat a ni ṭhin. Abraham Lincoln-a hmaa president pali–William Henry Harrison, John Tyler, Zachary Tyler leh Millard Filmore te kha Britain tih dan zuiin Whig party mi an ni a. Anni bak mi dangte chu vawiin thleng khuan Republic Party emaw Democratic Party emaw an la ni ngar ngar thung.

He spoil system hian kentel thil tam tak a nei a. Qualification aiin political loyalty dah pawimawhna a lian zawk a, eirukna kawng awlsam a siam thei a, mipui rinna hloh phahna awlsam tak niin, sorkar hnathawkte tan mahni hnaa ngheh lohna (sorkar hna chu sum hmuhna ang chauha ngaihna leh thinlung taka inpumpekna awm lo) a siamin hmasawnna a tiṭhuanawp thei. Hetiang hi spoil system-in a ken tel a nih tlat avangin khawi ramah pawh chhiatna bul thlentu a a ni a, sorkar hmalakna a chak loh phah a, sulhnu duhawm loh tak tak hnutchhiahtirtu a ni thei ṭhin.

Benjamin Harrison kha President (1889–1893) a nih laiin Theodore Roosevelt chu Commissioner of Public Civil Service a ni a, party mi leh sa induhsakna chungchangah an ngaihdan a inmil lo. Theodore Roosevelt chuan ‘America ramah hian thiamna rapbeta party ringawt kan dah lal chhung chuan mi thiam kan nei thei ngai lo ang. Kan mi thiam neih chhunte pawh mipui tana ṭangkai turin sorkarah an lut thei ngai bawk lo ang,’ tiin a sawi hial a. Nimahsela, President Harrison chuan chu ngaihdan chu a pawm thei si loh avangin a tawpah phei chuan Roosevelt chu Commissioner aṭangin a ban phah ta hial a ni.

America ramah bawk hian spoil system an lo chhiatpui tawh dan han thlir leh ila. President Andrew Jackson chuan sorkar official tawnhriat ngah tawh tam takte chu hnawlin an aiah political supporter-te a la lut zawk a. Chu chuan hnathawh ṭhat lohna leh eirukna nasa tak a thlen a, hna thiam loh leh hna chak lohna tam tak a thlen bawk. Kum 1881 July 2-a Baltimore and Potomac rail station-a Charles J. Guiteau-a’n President James Garfield a kah chhan pawh kha spoil system rah chhuah nia sawi a ni. Spoil system tihtawpna turin dan thar Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act of 1883 an duang chhuak hial a nih kha.

Mexico ramah pawh Mexico Revolution (1910-1920) hnuah spoil system hi a hluar hle. Ram hruaitute chuan thuneihna tihnghehna turin anmahni mi leh sate chu mawhphurhna sang tak tak an pe a. Sorkar office mai bakah zirna in thleng chuan he system hian zung kaih vekin, thiamna leh tlinna (merit) lam aiin rorel lai party laka rinawmna chuan kawngro a su zawk tlat zel ṭhin.

India ramah ngei pawh zalenna kan neih hnu lawk aṭang khan spoil system hian hruaitute thinlungah bu a khuar nghet hle a. Sorkar hnathawh chu mipui tana rawngbawlna aiin eiruknaah an chantirin, chhung leh khatte induhsakna atan sorkar hna chu an hmang nasa ṭhin hle. Heng bakah hian dan pawisak lohna hial pawh a thlen fo a, anmahni duhsaktute chu duhsak let ve tura bata ruat an lo nih tlat tak avangin sorkar hna chuan a tuar ta ṭhin. Za lo chung chungin pute fiamthu thawhah nuih luih a ngai fo ṭhin bawk.

Mizoramah ngei pawh kum 1946 aṭangin political party mumal tak kan nei ṭan. Politics rim kan hriatna erawh kum 1920 vel aṭang daih tawhin a ni nâ a, phalna nei thlapa political party kan neih ṭanna erawh kum 1946 a ni. Political party a ding ṭan chauh tihin party chhungah harsatna a thleng nghal mai bawk. Kum 1947-a min awptute’n min chhuahsan a, Kumpinu awpna hnuai ata zalenna kan neihah ngei pawh chuan thiam sa nei hauh loin, zir chawp tak meuhin kan hruaitute khan ram an hruai nawk nawk a nih kha. Kum 1952-ah District Council member thlanna neih niin, Mizo Union (MU) chuan sorkarna an chang a. Chutah ngei pawh chuan spoil system a hluar hle ṭan a, Aizawl leh Lunglei khawpui chhunga in hmun lo ram semah ngei pawh chuan Mizo Union mi leh sa lo tan chuan beisei ngam chi pawh a ni lo hial.

Party chhungah neuh neuh a awm avangin a bul tumtu mi pawimawh tak R. Vanlawma ngei pawh chu awm thei loin reilote hnuah chuan a chhuak ta mai a. District Council hnuaiah ngei pawh chuan party mi leh sa nih a ngai kher anga sawi a rawn awm chho ta zel bawk. Chutiang chu ram hruaitute tan remchanga lak a lo awl viau bawk si avangin mipuite chu bumin kan awm ta fo a. Mipui lam lahin mahni ṭanghma ngai takin leh kawng awlsam taka ngaiin chutiang system chu kan lo rula-raw-neih chho ta zel emaw tih mai tur a ni ta bawk a. Sorkar hna laknaah leh hnathawktu laknaah reng reng party mi leh sa nih zel a lo ngai ta a, party dangte tan chuan kawng awm lo ang maia sawi a lo ni ta zel a, a pawi hle mai.

District Council aṭangin UT-ah hlan kai kan ni a. UT kan nih chhoh ṭan tirhah phei kha chuan sum leh pai a lo tam deuh bawk a, sorkar hna ṭau a lo ṭet ta bawk zel nen, vua leh vâng induhsakna a hluar hle mai a, thiamna leh tlinna tak tak awm loa sorkar hnaa inthun luh sawi tur a tam viau a nih kha.

State kan nih hnuah pawh chuan sorkar hnathawh chu hnathawh chakawm tak leh manhla berah kan ngai a, chu ngaihdan chu vawiin thleng pawhin thlaktu a la awm rih chuang lo. A theih dan danin leh a remchan dan ang angin sorkar hnaa inthun luh kan tum a, mawi leh mawi lo pawh kan thlu zo ta meuh lo chu a nih tak zel hi.

Theodore Roosevelt ṭawngkam, ‘America ramah hian thiamna rapbeta party ringawt kan dah lal chhung chuan mi thiam kan nei thei ngai lo ang. Kan mi thiam neih chhunte pawh mipui tana ṭangkai turin sorkarah an lut thei ngai bawk lo ang’ tih chu kan ramah ngei pawh a thleng dik viauin a hriat a ni.

- Mahmuaka Chhakchhuak