TUIHNA HUMHALH

Thu kamkeuna:

Khawvela chengten kan mamawh tur Pathianin min pek zawng zawng zinga pawimawh ber tia chhal ngam chu Tui hi a ni awm e. Mi thiamte chuan mihring taksa zaa sawmsarih (70%) lai mai hi tui a nih thu an sawi ṭhin. Chuvang chuan mihringin kan taksaa tui awm tur zat aia tlem kan pai chuan, taksa chak lo leh hrisel lohna hrang hrang a thlen thuai ṭhin avangin kan tui mamawh zat hi kan pai reng a pawimawh em em a ni. Chutiang bawk chuan kan chenna khawvel hmun thuma ṭhena hmun hnih aia tam, zaa sawmsarih (70%) lai mai hi Tuiin a khuh a, chu chu khawvela thilnung chengte dam khawchhuah nan a pawimawh em em a ni. Khawvelah hian tui hrim hrim hi chu a tam em em a, amaherawhchu hman ṭangkai theih erawh a tlem em em thung. Khawvela tui awm zawng zawng zaa sawmkua leh pasarih (97%) vel zet chu tui hmantlak loh (Tui al) a ni a, Tuifinriatah a awm. A la bang zaa pathum (3%) pawh chu hman ṭangkai nghal mai theih a ni lo. Hmun thuma ṭhen sawm leha hmun hnih aia tam mah chu chhim tawp leh hmar tawpah, vur khangah an la chang a, a la bang hmun khat pawh tling tawh lo chu kan hman ṭangkai theih awm chhun a ni.

Heng kan hman ṭangkai theih kan tih zingah hian lui tui leh dil tui te an tel a, kan ramah chuan lui leh dil tui kan hman ṭangkaite erawh an tlem em em thung. Mizoten tui intlak, Zotui thiang tia kan chhal chin ang ngat phei hi chu khawvelah hian a tlem em em a ni. Chuvang chuan kan tui hmuh theih chhunte hian humhalh leh renchem an mamawh tak zet a ni. Kan Tuikhur te, kan Lui tuite leh kan Dil tuite hi enkawl leh uluk taka vawnhim a, hman ṭangkai nachang kan hriat a pawimawh em em a ni.

Chutih mek laiin kan tui hmuhna awm chhun ruahtui min koh hawsaktu leh kan lui tui leh dil tuite vawnghimtu ramngawte chuan rawk leh suasam an tawk mek a, kan Tuikhur leh lui dung leh a chhehvelte lah chu bawlhhlawh paihna hmun emaw tih mai turin Sarang (Polethene bag) leh bawlhhlawh ṭawih thei lo (non-degradable waste) chi hrang hrangin a hual vel a ni ber mai. Chhutmi tam zawkten an sawi dan chuan Indopui pathumna hi a lo thleng leh a nih ngai chuan, Tui thianghlim inchuhna avanga lo thleng turah an ngai nghet tlat tawh a ni an ti. Chutiang taka pawimawh 'TUI' chu keini lah chuan humhalh leh renchema hman ṭangkai tum anekin ral thei lo hmanin kan hmang a, a lo ral thei reng mai tih kan hriat chhuah hunah chuan khua kan tlai tawh ang tih a hlauhawm takzet.

Kan tuihnar neihchhun – Ruahtui :

Mizoram hi khawvela tlangdung ropui ber Himalaya tlangdung zinga pakhat, Purvanchal range an tiha awm kan ni a. Himalaya tlangdung hawi zawng (chhak leh thlang) ang lo takin chhim leh hmar hawi zawngin tlangdung kan nei bik a, kan tlangdung neihte pawh hmun dang ngaihtuah chuan a hniam deuh bik nghe nghe. Tin, Himalaya tlangdunga awmten an neih ṭhin tlang sang tak, vurin a khuh hmun kan nei ve lem lo bawk. Himalaya tlangdung hmun tam zawkah chuan tlang sang lama vur inchhekkhawmte hi an tui hmuhna hnar pawimawh ber a ni a. Mahse, tlangsang tak, vur tlakna hmun kan neih ve loh avangin Mizoramin tui kan hmuhna hnar pawimawh ber chu ruahtui a ni thung.

Kan ram tlangdung awm danin chhimthlang ruahtui pai thli (South West Monsoon) lo haw a lo dan avang leh, kan ramngaw neihten ruahtui a koh haw theih ṭhin avangin ruahtui kan dawng ṭha em em ṭhin a ni. Mizoramah hian kum khat chhunga thla tam zawk, thla riat (8) vel lai (April thla chawhnu lam aṭanga November thla chawhma lam) chu ruahtui kan dawng a ni. Hemi avang hian kan tuihna, tuikhur tui leh lui tuite pawh kumtluanin an tha tlangpui ṭhin.

Kan tuihnar neihchhun a kiam telh telh:

Kum zabi sawmhnihna tawp lam leh zabi sawmhnih pakhatna tir lama Mizoramin ruahtui kan dawn zat en chuan khawvela ruahtui dawng ṭha ber pawl kan ni kan ti thei ang. Amaherawhchu, kan ruahtui dawnte hi a kiam hret hret zel tih erawh sorkar lam chhinchhiah dan a ni thung. Tin, a chhunga chengte pawh hian chu chu kan pawmpui thlapin a rinawm. Ruahsur hunbi kan pi leh puten an lo neih ṭhinte pawh nasa takin a danglam tawh tihte pawh kan hre ṭheuh awm e. Ruahtui ko hawtu leh lo khawlkhawmtu ber ramngaw kan tih chereu zel avangin tui harsatna kan tawk chho ta mek a ni. Kan tui hmuhna hnar ruahtui kan dawn zat pawh a kum telin a tlem chho zel a, chu chuan kan tuihna leh tuikhur, lui te leh lui liana tui tam lam (volume) te pawh nasa taka nghawngin, kan ram lui pawimawh bera chhal ngam Tlawng lui te pawh a kam thu kan sawi luai luai mai a nih kha.

Mizoram sorkar hnuaia Economics and Statistics Department- in an chhinchhiah danin kum 30 lek kalta, kum 1992 aṭanga kum 2021 thlenga chhutin, Mizorama ruahtui tla zat tlakhniam chak em em dan hi ngaimawh tham a tling. Kum 10 chhung zela ruahtui tla zat chawhrual (average) enin a chiang ber awm e. Kum 1992-2001 chhunga ruahtui tla zat chawhrual chu 2559.5 mm lai a la tling phak a. Kum 10 hnu lam (2002-2011) ah erawh ruahtui tla zat chawhrual hi 2492.41mm-ah a tla thla a, a hma kum nen an inthlauhna chu 67.095mm lai a tling phak a ni. Tin, tunhnai kum 10 chhung (2012-2021) hian ruahtui tla zat chawhrual hi a tlem lehzual hle mai a, 2090.364 mm chiah ruahtui kan dawng a ni. A hma kum 10 chhunga ruahtui tla zat chawhrual nena chhutin, ruahtui hi 402.041 mm laiin a tla tlem a ni.

Hetianga kan tui hmuhna awmchhun leh pawimawh ruahtui tla zat a kiam zel chuan, ei leh ina kan tui mamawh mai piah lamah buh leh bal tharchhuahna lama kan tui mamawh a phuhru phak lo thuai ang a, buaina nasa zawk kan tawng chho vat dawn tih a rin zawn theih mai awm e.

Kum Ruahtui tla zat chawhrual (in mm) Danglamna

1992-2001 2559.5

2002-2011 2492.405 -67.095

2012-2021 2090.364 -402.041

Source: Meteorological data of Mizoram, Dept. of Economics and Statistics, Govt. of Mizoram

Mizoram district hrang hrangten kum 20 chhunga ruahtui an dawn dan han bihchiang leh ila. Ruahtui tlak dan hi a inang lo khawp mai a, chhimthlang ruahtuipai thli (SW Monsoon) hi kan ruahtui hmuhna ber a nih avangin khawchhak lam ai chuan khawthlang lamah ruahtui a tla hnem tlangpui a. Tin, kan ram leilung awm dan leh tuipui aṭanga kan awmna hlat zawng hian nasa takin ruahtui tlak dan a tidanglam bawk. Khawthlang lam district heng Lawngtlai, Lunglei, Mamit leh Kolasib te hian kum 20 chhunga an ruahtui dawn zat chawhrual chu 2100mm chung lam a nih laiin, khawchhak lam Champhai leh Serchhip lamah chuan 2000 mm a tling pha lo thung. Ruahtui kan dawng ṭha kan tih rual hian tun hnaia ruahtui tla zat en chuan ruahtui kan dawn zat tlem chak lutuk hian mi thiamte rilru a timangang a. Kan tui hmuhna hnar awmchhun a nih miau avangin ngaihthah theih a ni bawk hek lo. Tun hnai kum 20 chhunga Mizoram district hrang hranga ruahtui tla zat a tla hniam nasa em em hlawm a, ruahtui dawng ṭha em em thin district-ah te pawh ruahtui tla zat hi nasa takin a tlahniam a ni. Kum 2002-2011 chhunga ruahtui tla zat leh kum 2012-2021 chhunga district tina ruahtui tla zat khaikhawmna hian ruahtui kiam nasat zia a tichiang thei awm e.

Source: Meteorological data of Mizoram-2021, Dept.of Economics and Statistics, Govt. of Mizoram

Tunhnai kum sawmhnih (20) chhunga Mizoram district hrang hranga ruahtui tla zat kiam nasatna ber chu Lawngtlai district niin, kum sawm kal tawh leh tun hnai kum sawm chhunga ruahtui tla zat chawhrualin 674.57 mm laiin a kiam a, a dawttu chu Kolasib district niin 493.59 mm laiin a kiam bawk. Tin, Khawthlang lam district Mamit ah pawh 249.32 mm laiin a kiam a, Lunglei district ah pawh 207.86 mm laiin a kiam ve bawk a ni. Ruahtui tla zat hi Mizoram district chhak ber Champhai ah chuan a ziawm hret mah se, 85.82 mm laiin a kiam ve tho. Tin, ram laili Serchhip district-ah pawh ruahtui tla hi a kiam nasa em em mai a, a kiamna hi 455.88 mm lai a tling pha a ni. District dangte ang lo takin Aizawl district ah chuan ruahtui tla zat hi chhe tein a pung hret thung a, 5.43 mm in a pung a ni.

Humhalh mamawh Tuihna

Kan tarlan tak ang khan, Mizoram khawthlang lam district-ten ruahtui dawng ṭha ṭhin mah se, an dawn zat erawh nasa takin a tla hniam mek a. Mizoram laili Serchhip district-ah pawh nasa takin a kiam bawk. Tun hnai kum 20 chhung chawhruala ruahtui dawng ṭha ber Saiha district lamah pawh ruahtui a kiam nasa em em tih a chung lama kan Table tarlanah hian chiang taka hmuh theih a ni. Kan tui hmuhna hnar awmchhun ruahtui kiam zel hian kan tuihna a titlem nasa em em mai a. Tun hma kum rei vak loa lui tui kang ngai lote pawh a kang chat ta nual mai.

Tin, kan lui tuite pawn ṭhal lai chuan tun hma an pha ta lo hlawm hle tih pawh hrilh nawn kan ngai awm lo ve. Ṭhal laia luite tui luang ri her her, hman ni lawka kan hriat ṭhinte pawh tunah chuan an reh tlawk tlawk tawh mai a nih hi. Tlangsang lam aṭanga tui lo luang, fim leh thiang kak mai sawi nana kan hman ṭhin, Zotuithiang kan tih te pawh hmun ṭhenkhatah chuan hmuh tur a awm meuh tawh lo. Mihring kan pung chho zel a, tui thianghlim kan mamawhna a sang chho ve zel a. Chu mai a ni lo, ei leh bar tharchhuah nana kan tui mamawh pawh kum telin a tam chhoh tial tial lai a, a loa kan awm theih hauh loh Tui vang chho zel hian harsatna nasa zawk min thlen chho ngei dawn niin a lang.

Mizoram ram lailia luang, lui lian leh khaw tam takin innghahna atana kan hman ber, Tlawng luia tui dinhmun hian Mizoram lui dangte dinhmun pawh nasa takin a tarlang theiin a rinawm. Kum 2010 aṭanga 2013 chhunga Tlawng luia tui luang zat tlem lai ber chawhrual chu 124.21 MLD a nih laiin, kum 2020-2023 chhunga lui tui luang tlem lai ber chawhrual chu 56.66 MLD chiah a ni pha tawh a ni. Kum sawm chhung lekin 67.55 MLD laiin tui a tlem hman tihna a ni, chu chu za zela 45.61 lai a tling pha hial a ni. Tlawng lui ber pawh hetiang a nih chuan Mizoram lui dangte pawh an ziawm bik viau chuang loin a rin theih a, hetiang zela a kiam chhoh chuan kan hma lawkah hian tui harsatna nasa takin min hmuak mek ti ila, thu kan uar lutuk awm lo e.

Year Tui tlem lai ber chawhrual (in MLD) Dang-lamna

(in %)

2010-2013 124.21

2020-2023 56.66 45.61

Danglamna (in MLD) 67.55

Source : Ramchulloa, David A. Morphodynamics of River Tlawng, Mizoram and AWTD, PHED

Engtin nge Tuihna kan humhalh ang?

Tuihna humhalh dan hi kawng tam tak a awm thei ang. A ṭhente chu sorkar leh pawl lian zawkte hmalakna tur chi, sum leh pai, tha leh zung tam tak sen ngaite an ni awm e. Mahse, sorkar leh pawlte inrawlh kher ngai lo, sum leh pai, tha leh zung seng lutuk lo pawha mi tinin kan tih mai theih pahnih tarlang ila.

1) Ruahtui khawl : Mizoramin ruahtui kan hmuh hi kiam zelin lang mah se, tun dinhmuna ruahtui kan dawn hi a tlem chhe hauh lo a. A khawl nachang kan hriata renchem taka kan hman chuan, hmun dang aṭanga tui la lo pawhin kumtluana tui hman tur kan nei thei dawn a ni. Kan sawi tak ang khan, Mizoram hian kum khata thla sawm leh pahnih chhung hian thla riat dawn lai mai chu ruahtui kan dawng a ni. Kan ramin van ruahtui kan hmuh hi tih thianghlim leh hranpa ngai loa Pathian malsawmna kan dawn a nih avangin, khawl nachang kan hriat chuan tuihna humhalhna kawng pawimawh leh ṭangkai ber a ni thei dawn a ni. Kan thawmhnaw leh thil danga sum sen kan hreh loh ang chiah hian ruahtui khawlna siam nan emaw, a bungraw leina atan kan sumte thehchhuak phal ve ngat ila chu; tuihna humhalhna kawngah kan thawhhlawk hle dawn a ni. Tun dinhmunah chuan awmze nei taka hun rei zawk hman daih tura ruahtui dawh khawl nachang hria hi Mizoram khawtinah hian chhiar tham pawh kan awm meuh lo mai thei. Ruahtui malsawmna kan dawn hi chhiar thiam a, a lo thlawna luanraltir lova khawlkhawm a, hman ṭangkai kan tum tur a ni.

2) Ramngaw humhalh : Ruahtui tla zat kiam zelte hian chhan tam tak a neih theih rualin, a chhan lian ber chu ruahtui ko hawtu ber ramngaw kan tihchereu nasat vang a ni thei ang. Kan tihchereu chhan chu eng pawh ni se, ruah ko hawtu leh hman ṭangkai theih tura lo khawlkhawmtu, ramngaw tichhe zawnga hmasawnna tur ruahmanna/hmalaknate pawh kan tihdanglam ngam a ngai a ni. Tuihna insiam nana ramngaw pawimawhzia Mizoramin a tak ngeia kan tawn hi sawi lang teh ang. Kum 2018, Nikir thlaa tih chhuah ‘Desertification and Land Degradation Atlas of Selected Districts of India’, Volume -2 in a tarlan dan chuan, 2003-05 aṭanga 2011-13 chhungin India ram pumpuia ram leilung chhe chak ber chu Lunglei District a ni a, Aizawl District chu pahnihna a ni bawk. Hei hian a hrinchhuah chu tuihna a titlem tial tial a, kum 2021 a lo thlen meuh chuan Lunglei leh Aizawl district-a luang tlang Mizoram lailia kan lui lian ber leh sei ber ni bawk (Mizoram pum nilovin) Tlawng lui hnarah tui a kang/tlem kan ti a, Aizawl khawpui chawm tur tui pawh pump tur mumal a awm lo a nih kha. Hei hian tuihna insiam tura ramngaw pawimawhzia a tarlang chiang hle awm e.

Tuihna humhalh dan awlsam leh pawimawh ber chu ramngaw humhalh a ni tih hi kan inzirtir uar a ngai hle. Tuihna insiam nan ramngaw a pawimawh em em a, kan tui hmuhna hnar awmchhun ruahtui ṭha taka kan hmuh zel theihna awmchhun pawh ramngaw siam emaw, kan neihsate vawnhim a ni tih hriaa kan theihtawpa tan lak zel hi kan tih makmawh a ni. ‘Tuihna humhalh’ tih leh ‘Ramngaw humhalh’ tih hi lak hran theih loh, thil kalkawp, inzawm tlat an ni tih hi kan hriat chian a pawimawh a, Ramngaw humhalh loin Tuihna a insiam thei lo a, tuihna humhalh tur chuan kan ramngawte kan tihchereu loha kan vawnhim tlat a ngai a ni.

Thu tlangkawmna :

Kan eizawnna leh ei hmuhna ber kan lo neih dan hian ramngaw humhalh leh venhim kawngah awmzia a neihtir hlei thei lo va. A thlakna ṭha zawk kan la hriat miau loh avangin kan kalpui zel lo thei si lo va, tuihna insiam a harsat chhoh phah zel a ni. Ṭhalai fing leh lehkha thiam zawkte chuan ramngaw tichhe lo zawnga ei leh bar kan zawn thiam te pawh a pawimawh chho ta khawp mai, chu chuan tuihna humhalh kawngah nasa takin hmasawnna min thlen thei ang. Tin, Pathian malsawmna kan dawn ruahtuite pawh holam taka luanraltir mai mai lova khawlkhawm nachang kan hriat a, hman ṭangkai dan kan zir chhoh a pawimawh hle. Kan pi leh pu, nu leh pate chuan an thiam ang tawkin hma an lo la tawh a, keini an tu leh fate hian kan ram hi kan thlah zelte tan chenna hmun nuam taka siam turin, kan thiam leh theihnate kan hman ṭangkai a, theihtawpa tha kan thawh tlan a ngai a ni. Kan tu leh fate chenna tur hi vawiin a mite hian kan siam mek tih hriain tuihna tlem zel tipung leh turin kan theihna zawn ṭheuha ṭan la sauh sauh turin kan insawm a ni.

- Dr. Vanlalṭanpuia, Government Aizawl North College