Pu Lalkhawliana Siamtu Remruat leh Natural Philosophy

Thuhma

Mizo hla hi ka ngaithla tam a, duh deuh deuh ka nei nual. Chu’ng zingah chuan Pu Lalkhawliana hla, ‘Siamtu remruat’ hi ka thinlung chhungah, ka thisen zama luang tel, ka duh em em a ni! A phuahtu pawh hi a hla avang hian Mizo paah chuan ka ngaihsan berte zinga mi a ni. A chanchin ka ngaihven nasa ṭhin hle! Hun rei tak a phuahtu chanchin hi ral aṭangin ka lo veh nasa ṭhin a; 6th Dec 2023 zan khan an inah ngei hmaichhanah ka ṭhiante nen kan kawm thei hlauh mai! A hoin ‘Siamtu remruat’ tih chu kan sa bawk a, vannei kan inti takzet!

Pu Khawliana, Kristian

Finna leh thiamna, khawsak phung changkanna lamah te, kan bul hnaia hnam dang tlangmite aia kan zia daih zawk chhan hi i ngaihtuah changin, Pathian malsawmna vang a ni i ti ve ṭhin ngei ang. Hei hi chhana dik, zaah za dik pumhlum a ni. Mahse, tun ṭum chu Kohhran pawn (secular) thlirna aṭangin hetiang zawng hian ngaihtuahna seng ve chhin dawn teh ang. Kristianna hi khawvela hnam changkang berte sakhua a ni a. Hnam nihna hi ṭawng emaw, ei leh in emaw, incheina emaw chauh hian a hril lo a, sakhuana (belief system) pawh hian a hril tel a ni.

Chanchin Ṭha Zosapte kaltlanga kan chan khan hnam changkang ber sap nihna kan nei ve nghal tihna a ni a. Chumi awmzia chu Mizo identity ah hian Kristianna hi a tel ve nghal tihna a nih chu. Hei hian sawi sen loh ken tel tam tak a nei. Tin, sakhuanaah pawh Kristianna chuan hun harsa tak tak lo paltlang tawh ṭhin a, a inthlifim (reformed) nasa em em a ni. Intluktlanna te, sakhaw inzahsaktawnna (secularism) te, mipui rorelna sawrkar (modern democracy) te leh science finnate hi Kristian zirtirna leh thurinin Europe khawmualpui a nawr kal avanga lo piang ni. Finna leh thiamna lamah a ni emaw, Kohhran leh ram inrelbawlna lamah a ni emaw, thurin ang zawngin a ni emaw, kawng tam takah hriam taka pum hran hrana chem anga lo tuai hrep tawh a ni. Chuvangin Mizote pawh Kristian kan nih hian kawng tinrengah min pui nasa em em a ni!

Pu Khawliana pawh hi a hla ropui tak, ‘Siamtu remruat’ aṭanga ka han chhui ve chang hian, ka rilrua lang hmasa ber ṭhin chu Kristian a nihna hi a ni. Mizote zinga lehkhathiam hmasa pawl, sap ṭawng bel leh thiam hmasa, thu leh hla pawimawhna hrethiam hmasa a nihna hi a Kristian avang a ni ka ti lo thei lo! Tin, hla pakhat hmanga ‘modern science’ nihna ril tak leh a lo zikchhuah dan a han phuah chhuak thiam tlat maite hi ‘Science tipiangtu leh chawm liantu Kristian’ a nih ve zia tilang chiangtu a ni. Science han tih hian science discipline hian tihdan (methodology) leh kal phung (practice) hran bik nei a ni a, hetia mak deuha lo chhuak tawp thei chi pawh a ni chiah lo. Historian leh philosopher ni bawk, Loren Eiseley chuan, “Science hi ṭhang lian zel turin lei ṭha danglam bik a mamawh a. Chutiang lei ṭhaah a ṭo loh chuan a thi mai dawn a ni,” a ti a ni. Heta lei tha hi Kristianna lei tha niin a chhui lut a ni. Miin Kristianna leh science inhal ṭhin anga an ngai tlat hi chu, science lo ṭhan chhoh dan hre tam lo leh hrechiang lo an ni tlangpui. ‘Siamtu remruat’ phuahtu hi chuan a hlaah hian Science leh Kristianna hi indi ṭhin, tunah pawh kal dun reng a nihzia a rawn tarlang a ni.

Siamtu’n lei van a siamin

A hla chang hmasa bera tlar hmasa ber hian ka mittui a titla nghal mai dawn ṭhin! Nangni chuan a va ho awm ve in ti mai thei. Mahse, Kristiante tan chuan a ho lo a ni! Thil engpawh hi zirchiang (investigate) a, zirbing tur chuan kan zirchian turate kha zirchian tlak, zirchian phu a ni tih kan pawm phawt a ngai. Grik sakhua leh hmakhawsang sakhua tam zawkah chuan hetia thil kan hmuh theihte hi, eng emaw hlimthla lo lang angah an ngai a, chutiang chuan an inzirtir a ni. Hemi avang hian philosopher tam takin Grik culture aṭangin science hi a lo chhuah theih an ring ngai lo. Entirnan, India rama sakhaw lian ber Hindu pawh hian kan chhehvela thil awmte hi eng emaw hlimthla (maya) mai niin an inzirtir a, an pawm a ni. Thil tak tak ni lo zirchian nan tha leh zung khawhral duh kan awm awm lo ve. Mahse, Kristian zirtirnaah chuan kan hmuh theih khaurel thil (nature) te hi Pathianin a duh taka a siam, thil ni tak tak, eng emaw hlimtha mai mai ni lo a ni. Chuvangin, ngun takin, chik takin miin khuarel thil hriat chian tumin a lo zir ṭhin a ni. Europe hi modern science lo chhuahna a ni a, Kristian culture nei an ni, Kristian nghet ni lo pawh Kristianna culture-in a hrual vek an ni. Kristianna tarmit hmangin khuarel thil zirchianna kha han kalpui lo ta se, tuna modern science kan tih hi a lo chhuak lo hial mai thei a ni. Aw, chuta lungphum pawimawh tak ‘Pathian, lei leh van siamtu a ni tih rinna’ chu Pu Lalkhawliana hian a lo pawm ve a, a lo nunpui a, hlaah hial a lo phuah chhuak a ni!

Pagan lam unaute ngaih danah chuan thilsiamte hian thlarau an nei a, pathian angin an be ṭhin a ni. Hlauhtlawn avangin pathian anga kan biak chhung chuan chik leh muk takin va zirchian a theih dawn tlat lo! Hlauh emaw tlawn emaw a nihna piah lamah sakhuana chhungah biak tlak anga kan ngaih miau avangin, pathian nihna dinhmun neitu an ni tawh a, kulmuk leh fir takin laboratory chhungah va zirbing kha a har dawn lutuk a ni. Mahse, keini Kristiante khawvel thlirnaah chuan pathian an nih loh mai bakah keimahni enkawl tur atana Pathianin a siam a ni. Chuvangin, va zirchianna emaw, va zirbingna lam emaw kawngah engmah harsatna kan nei ngai lo. Hei hi ngaiah keini chuan kan nei mai thei, mahse hmanlai chuan a ni miah lo a nia. Kristiante kha an danglam a ni. Chu chu he hla phuahtu hian a va hmufiah hle a, a hling chat thei a ni!

Siamtu remruat

A chang hmasa ber tlar hnihna hian hawi lam hrang hlak, a hmasa lama kan sawi anga pawimawh em em si keimahah chuan a nei a. Tin, he hla innghahna lungphum, he hla nihna kengtu pawh niin kei chuan ka pawm a ni. Grik philosophy aṭang chuan khawvel hi awmsa, siamtu pawh awm lo, bul ṭan hun nei lo leh tawp hun tur pawh nei chuang lo (eternal), hnawk nuai angin an pawm a ni. Grik finna zirtirnaah chuan pathian tam tak zinga an pathian pakhatin (demiurge) thilsiamte hi thil awmsa aṭangin an nih dan tur leh an pawimawhna (idea emaw form emaw) aṭanga thlirin a siamkhawm a ni. Mistiri thiam takin hmarua awm sa aṭanga thil a siam a, a thilsiamten nihna leh ṭangkaina an nei ang deuh hian, han ngaihtuah ta ila hriatthiam a awlsam awm e. Mahse, hetah hian thil fel lo pahnih a awm niin a lang a. A chhan chu hmanraw awmsa milin siamtu khan a siam a ngaih avangin a duh dan takin a siam ngai dawn lo a, tin, a siamna hmanrua khan nihna an nei lawksa a ni. Chuvangin khuarel dan mumal tak (natural law) a awm an beisei thei lo.

Mahse, Kristian khawvel thlirna chhungah chuan Pathian hian khaurel thilte hi engmah lo aṭanga a siam (ex nihilo) a ni. Khuarel dan (natural law) siamtu leh chumi dan zawng zawng chunga roreltu chu a ni a. Pathian hi engkim tithei, finna leh hriatna tinreng nei, Pathian mumal (rational God) a ni tih kan rin avangin khuarel dan awmze nei tak, insu buai miah lo a awm kan ring tlat a ni. Chu chu science chhungah mathematics hmangtein leh experiment hmangin a finfiahna (empirical) kan nei ṭhin a ni. Pu Khawliana chuan heti hian a ti a:

Siamtu’n lei van a siamin,

Lum, vawt, eng, thim, sur leh sa;

Hrehawm leh nuam engkim a rel fel.

A ril a ni! Kristian philosopher ropui tak Rene Decartes chuan chuan, lalin an ram bial chhunga dan an kengkawh ang hian mathematics hmangin (mathematical law) a dan siam chu a kengkawh a ni, a tihte nen hian Pu Khawliana’n Pathian thilsiam nihna a hriatchian dan hi a nep bik chuang lo! Hei hi i lo ngaihtuah chik ngai lo mai thei. Grik leh sakhaw dangte chuan pathian tam tak an nei kan ti tawh a. Pathian tam tak an neih khan an pathian ṭheuhin khaurel dan an siam kha a insu buai thei a ni. Keini pawhin Chief Minister nei ṭeuh ila, dan inluhkhalh buai tak tak kan ngah viau ang. Chutiang buaina chu khuarel dan chungchangah keini Kristiante chuan kan tawk ve lo a ni.

Tin, khaurel thil siamtu hi finna leh hriatna tinreng nei, Pathian mumal (rational God) a ni tih kan rinna avang hian a thilsiamte pawh hi mumal leh hriatfiah theih (intelligible) a ni tih kan pawm a. Mahse, hei hi sakhaw dangte tan chuan a ni ve lo. Helaia mumal taka a duanna law hi a sap ṭawng chuan ‘natural law’ kan tih kha a ni ta a ni. Pu Khawliana ṭawngkamah erawh chuan ‘siamtu remruat’ a ni thung! Hei hi kristiante tan chuan pawimawh tawpkhawk, kan hriat chian em em tur a ni. Mahse, thil siamte leh an nihphung, thil kal dan hi hetia lo awm ve tawp angah kan ngai ṭhin a, Pathian ropuina, ruahmanna leh thiltihtheihna hi kan lo hrethiam lo a, kan pawm lo fo ṭhin. Pathian remruat, natural law hmufiah thei lo Kristiante chungah pawh a thikthu a chhe viau mai pawh kha kei chuan a awm hi ka ti hliah hliah mai! Heti hian a ti a:

A thil siam lei hringfate’n,

Hre loin siamtu remruat;

Eng kan ti nge kan lo sel fo?

Modern science kalphung innghahna leh pawimawh deuh pakhat chu mathematics hmangin khuarel dan a chawh chhuah theih hi a ni. Tin, chawhchhuah theih han tih hian kan sawi tum tak zawka chu mathematical law hmangin khuarel dan (natural law) chu kan entir thei tihna a ni ber mai. Kristian ṭha em em – Newton chuan lei hipna mathematics hmangin a entir thei ang hian. Helaia mathematical law hmangin khuarel kal dan ziak chhuak thei tur hian, mathematics nih phung fir lutuk angin khuarel kal phung pawh hi a awm a ni tih kan rin phawt a ngai a ni. Hemi va rin theihna hi historian-te chuan Kristiante innghahna, engkim hi finna leh hriatna tinreng nei, Pathian mumalin khuarel thil (nature) hi a siam (creation) a ni tih rinna avang a ni, an ti. Tuna mathematics hmanga kan dah theih lohte pawh hi dah theih hun a la awm ang. Tin, mathematic law ni lo law dang hmangte pawhin kan tu leh fate, lo la awm zel turin an lo la hrilhfiah theih ka beisei khawp mai! Chutah chuan a thunawnte hi a rilzia leh thukzia keini aiin an hriatfiah ka ring ṭhin a ni. Hetiang hian a tia:

Hun inher zelah lei hringnun paw’n,

Fur leh ṭhal, sik leh sa inthlak karah;

Chhiatni, ṭhatni a awm, chhung tin kan hlim reng lo;

Par rimtui ber ang chuai,

Kan inṭhen bang lo.

Amah ngeiin perhkhuang ṭingṭang a han tum a, keiin seki-khuang ka beng a, kan han saho kha chu a va han nuam dangdai tak em! A dik a ni, Pathian hian awmze nei takin, khuarel dan (natural law) hi lei leh van a siam lai khan a lo duang a, chu chu mihring chhia leh ṭha hriatna fim tak min pek hmangin a ṭhena zar kan hre chho ve bek bek zel a ni ber.

Nungin kan che mai a lo ni

Hmalai Grik finna kha hun rei tak chhung chu thil zirchian nan hman a ni. Mihringin thil ṭangkai tur kan siam a, a ṭangkaina leh pawimawhna (form) aṭangin kan thilsiam nihna kan zirchiang thei ang hian, kan chhehvela thilsiamte (nature) hi an ṭangkaina leh pawimawhna zawn aṭangin kan zirchiang thei ṭhin a ni. Entirnan, chemte hi Grik finna aṭanga kan zirchian dawn chuan ‘Eng atana siam nge a nih?’ tih aṭangin ṭan phawt a ngai a. Chemte chu thil zai leh vih nana siam a ni a. Chumi a ṭangkaina aṭang chuan chemte nihna kan hriat duhte kan chhui let (deduction) dawn a ni. Thil zai nana hmantlak ni tur chuan chemte chu a phek a nih a ngai phawt a, a hriam tur a ni bawk a, a záng viau thei loa, a rit em em tur a ni lo a, a hmawr lam a zum tur a ni bawk. Tin, a chang ṭha viau tur a ni; thil chang deuh hlek han zai pawhin a teu mai mai tur a ni lo. An chhehvel, tuifinriat leh khawmual, van sang zau taka an thil hmuh zawng zawng te hi ṭangkaina (form) neia siam vek an ni tih an pawm a. Chumi an ṭangkaina aṭang chuan an va chhui let ta ṭhin a, an nihna tam tak an hrilhfiah ṭeuh zel a ni.

Kristiante khan Grik finna hmanga zirna hi Kristian finna pumah a chher hriam veleh a. Chu chu scholasticism an ti. Pathian hian chhan nei (purpose), pawimawhna nei vekin engkim a siam a. Aristotelian form kan tih mai, thil engpawh an ṭangkaina, siam an nih chhan chu Pathianin lei leh van a siam laia a ruanhmanna angin a ni, tiin Grik philosophy chu an hrilhfiah ta a. Khuarel dan a awm a, thilsiam tinrengte’n pawimawhna hran hran (role) an nei ṭheuh a, chumi an ṭangkaina ṭheuh semtu chu Pathian tihna a nih chu. Chumi awmzia chu entirnaa kan hman chemte pawimawhna pawh khi a ruahmantu chu Pathian tihna a ni. Mahse, hetianga thil zirchianna hian thil fel lo lian tak mai a nei a, a chhan a pawimawhna (form) kha kan hriat lawk avangin thil a zir thui theih tak tak loh. A pawimawhna chhung baka kan chhui theih loh kha chu han tih vak a har riau a. Tin, Grik finna nena inbelhbawm a nih avang khan Grik lamin an lo pawm lawksa thil tam tak a keng tel a. Entirnan, planet kalkawng pawh a bial (circle) bak Pathianin a siam thei lo tih te, boruak awm lohna (vacuum) pawh a siam thei lo tihte ang chi kha a tam ta a ni.

Chumi avang chuan kum 1277 khan Grik zirtirna dik lo tam tak Kohhranin a hnawl ta a. Hei hi Pathianin tih theih loh a neih lohzia puanchhuahna a ni ber mai. A duh chuan planet kalkawng pawh a sawl (ellipse) a siam thei, a duh chuan boruak awm lohna a siam thei, Grik logic hmangin Pathian thiltihtheihna ramri han kham ve ringawt hi a dik lo an ti a ni. Chumi avang chuan logic tel loa experiment hmanga thil zirchian duhna a lo chhuak ta hial a. Aristotelian logic ang loin, zalen takin thilsiamte nih theih dan tur bituk awmsa miah loin, experiment hmanga thil hmuhchhuah (empirical) tumin khuarel nihna kal phung kha an zir ta ni. Hmanlai science chu logical reasoning-a innghat a ni; modern science erawh logical reasoning leh experiment hmanga finfiahnaa (empirical) innghat a ni ve thung a ni. Chumi awmzia chu engkimtithei Pathian thu thuin engkim hi a awm a ni tih rinna hi, modern science innghahna lungphum pawimawh tak leh a lo pianchhuahna kawngka hawngtu a lo ni.

Mahse maw, eng kan ti ang,

Engkim siamtu remruata'n;

Nungin kan che mai a lo ni.

Han tih dap maite hi kum 1277-a Paris Bishop-in University of Paris-a zirtirna dik lo a tihte han do letna ralthuam pawimawh ber ni thei reng a lo ni! Mizo pa ngeiin hetiang thuril pawimawh (theoretical foundation) lutuk hla hmanga a han phuah chhuak thiam hi a ropui ka ti a, Mizo Kristiante nihna pawh a hrilhfiah thui ka ti viau a ni. Pathian thu thua che kan nihzia pawmna hi science innghahna a ni a, tin, a nihzia pawh science vek hian a lo hrilhfiah chho zel! Chumi chu Pu Khawliana hian a hre fuh chat a ni!

Tlipna

Kan ziak thui ta viau mai! Pu Lalkhawliana hla hi a ril si a, awlsam te, tawi fel taka han hrilhfiah ka thiam lo a ni. A kuma kum tel tak meuh mai ka lo ngaihtuah tawh a ni a. Hei ai baka tawi chuan ka ziak thiam tlat lo. A phuah chhuah dan, a phuah reizia te, leh a phuah hunlaite pawh a ngaihnawm, mahse chu'ngte chu miin an ziak fo a, an sawi nasa tawh a, kan ziak ve ta lo mai. A ṭul chuan a chhunzawmnate pawh kan la ziak zel ang chu. Engpawhnise, a phuahtu lo rilzia leh hetiang phuah thei tura Pathianin finna leh hriatna a lo pek thukzia hian, ka rilru a la peng nasa ṭhin khawp mai! Pathian ropuizia leh thiltihtheihzia tarlanna, Pathian chawimawina tur hla ril tak, Mizote, Pu Lalkhawliana’n min lo chhawpchhuahsak hi kan vannei hlein ka hria. A phuahtu pawh finna leh hriatna tinreng neitu Pathian chuan lo awmpui zel se la, damna leh hriselna lo pe zel se la, Pathian tan mi ṭangkai tak ni zel turin duhsakna ka hlan e!

- Dr Krista Roluahpuia, IIT Gandhinagar