SAP ṬAWNG GRAMMAR HMANGA TEH

Mizo ṭawng chungchânga mi nâwlpui buaina ber chu ‘ziah zawm leh ziah zawm loh’ chungchâng hi a ni àwm e. Mizo ṭawng ziah zawm tur leh ziah zawm loh tur bih chian nân hian grammar hi teh fung dik a nih avangin, grammar aṭanga ziah dan tur dik sawi fiah a nih hian ‘grammar term’ chelek loh theih a ni ṭhin lo a. Grammar term nena Mizo ṭawng ziah dan tur sawi fiah a han nih hian mi ṭhenkhat chuan, “Sâp ṭawng grammar hmanga Mizo ṭawng hi teh tur a ni lo,” lo tih mai kan chîng ṭhin a, hei hi tlêma sawi fiah deuh a ngâi niin a lang.

Grammar term–‘noun, adjective, verb, adverb...adt.’ tih ang chi te, ‘noun phrase, verb phrase, adverb phrase, gerund phrase, participle phrase, phrasal verb...adt.’ tihte leh ‘noun clause, adverb clause, adjective clause’ tih ang chi hmanga Mizo ṭawnga kan thu mal leh thu inkawpte nihna hming kan han sawi fiah hian mi tam tak chuan, “Mizo ṭawnga sawi ve mai àwm; Sâp ṭawnga han sawi fiah kher!” te an lo ti ṭhin bawk a. Nimahsela, heng grammar term tlukpui sawina hming hi Mizo ṭawngah a hrana grammar term kan la nei ve loh avangin, Mizo ṭawng grammar sawi fiah nân heng grammar term awm sate hi kan hman hawh ve mai a ngâi ṭhin a ni.

Grammar term kan tih hi hnam dang dang ṭawng–‘Latin, Grik, French, Old English...adt.’ aṭanga an lâkte a ni ve hlawm a; chuvangin, grammar term hi tu ṭawng mah ni bik lo, ‘International language’ anga ngaih a ni àwm e. Hei vang hian Mizo ṭawng grammar sawi fiah nâna grammar term kan hman hian Sâp ṭawng hmanga sawi fiah kan ni lem lo a. Grammar term chu kan thu malte leh kan ṭawng kau chhehte grammar-a an nihna hming a ni a, Sâpho ngei pawh hian an ṭawng hi grammar aṭanga an zir chuan ‘noun’ chu eng nge tih te, ‘gerund’ chu eng nge tih te an zir a ngâi ve tho ṭhin a; Sâp an nih avang ngawtin heng grammar term awmzia hi an hre sa ngawt bik lem lo a ni.

Entir nân–thu inkawp kha ziah zawm loh tur a nihna chhan grammar hmanga kan sawi fiahnaah chuan, “Hei hi chu ‘participle phrase’ a ni a, ziah zawm chi a ni lo,” tiin kan sawi ṭhin a. Hengah hian ‘participle phrase’ tih hi a tlukpui sawina hi Mizo ṭawngah grammar term kan nei ve lo a, ‘participle phrase’ awmzia erawh kan sawi fiah thei ang a; chu pawh a tawi thei anga kan sawi dâwn pawhin, “Thil tih sawina thu mal leh thil tih sawina sawi fiahtu thu mal inkawp, thil nih phung leh awmzia, an nih dan sawi fiahtu atâna ṭang rual tlat hi a ni,” tia kan sawi hi a ngâi ta duah mai a. Hetianga a sawi fiahna thu hi grammar-a an nihna hming kha a ni tawh lo a; a sawi fiahna thu a ni ta daih a. Chuvangin, thu mal inkawpte kha grammar-a an nihna hming kan sawi dâwn a nih chuan ‘participle phrase’ ti tea kan sawi hi a ngâi ta ṭhin a. Hetianga an nihna hming ‘participle phrase’ ti tea kan sawi hian Sâp ṭawnga sawi fiah kan ni lo a; grammar-a an nihna hming kan sawi tihna a ni ta ṭhin zâwk a ni.

Mizo ṭawnga ziah zawm leh ziah zawm loh tur kan sawi fiahnaa, ziah zawm tur a nihna chhan te, ziah zawm loh tur a nihna chhan te grammar term târ langa kan sawi fiahnaah hian, “Mizo ṭawng ziah dan hi Sâp ṭawng grammar hmanga teh tur a ni lo,” lo ti tâwk kan awm ṭhin bawk a. Nimahsela, grammar term nena ziah dan tur kan sawi fiah hian Sâp ṭawng grammar hmanga teh kan ni lo tih hi kan hriat fiah a ṭul hle bawk a. Grammar term hi chu grammar-a kan thu mal leh thu inkawpte nihna hming mai kha a ni tih kan hriat a pawimawh.

Entir nân–Sâp ṭawngah chuan ‘hospital’ tih hi thu mal pakhat (solid/closed compound noun) a ni a, ziah zawm vek a ni a; Mizo ṭawngah erawh chuan hemi tlukpui kan sawina ‘damdawi in’ tih hi (spaced/open compound noun) a ni thung a, ziah zawm ve loh tur a ni thung. Hei hi Sâp ṭawngah thu mal a nih lâia, Mizo ṭawngah thu mal a nih ve lohna chhan hi grammar aṭanga kan sawi fiah dâwn chuan, “Mizo ṭawngah chuan ‘damdawi in’ tiha ‘in’ hi ‘common noun’ a ni a, a kawppui ‘damdawi’ tih hi ‘nounal adjective’ (noun adjunct) a ni a. ‘Common noun’ leh ‘nounal adjective’ chu grammar-ah ‘spaced compound noun’ a nih avangin ziah zawm loh tur a ni,” tia kan sawi hi a ngâi ta ṭhin a.

Hetianga ziah zawm loh tur a nihna chhan kan sawi fiahnaa grammar-a an nihna hming, ‘grammar term’ kan tàr lan hian Mizo ṭawng ziah dan tur hi Sâp ṭawng grammar hmanga teh kan ni lo a; thu inkawpte kha grammar-a an nihna hming kan sawi mai chauh a ni zâwk a. Sâp ṭawng grammar hmanga teh ni ila chu, “Sâp ṭawngah ‘hospital’ tih hi thu mal a ni a, Mizo ṭawngah pawh ‘damdawiin’ tia ziah zawm ve tur,” tiin kan sawi ngei ang; nimahsela hengah hian Sâp ṭawng grammar hmanga kan teh loh avang zâwkin, “Sâp ṭawngah ‘hospital’ tih hi thu mal niin, ziah zawm ni mah sela, Mizo ṭawngah chuan ‘damdawi in’ tih hi ziah zawm ve loh tur a ni,” tiin kan sawi ta daih zâwk a nih hi. Tichuan, Sâp ṭawng entawna ziah zawm ve kher loh tur a nihna chhan kan sawi fiahnaah hian grammar-a an awmzia leh an nihna hming, ‘grammar term’ hi kan sawi lang ta chauh zâwk tihna a ni ta ṭhin a ni.

‘Sâi’ nih phung sawi fiah tur chuan a taksa pêng hrang hrang hming–’nawn, ngho, beng, mei, ke...adt.’ tihte hi kan hriat hmasak a ngâi ṭhin a. “Hei hi a beng a ni a, hei hi a nawn a ni a, hei hi a mei a ni...,” tia a taksa peng hrang hrang kha a hming kan sawi a ngâi ṭhin a; hetiang deuh bawk hian Mizo ṭawnga thu mal hrang hrang leh thu inkawpte hi kan sawi fiah dâwn chuan an nihna hming, ‘grammar term’ hi kan hriat ve a ngâi a, “Hei hi chu noun a ni a, hei hi chu adjective a ni a,” tia grammar-a an nihna hming kan sawi hi a ngâi ve ta ṭhin a ni. Hetianga grammar term hriat hi a pawimawh êm avangin mi ṭhahnem ngâite’n a zirna tur grammar bu an siam phah ta ṭhin reng a; chuvangin, grammar bu aṭanga grammar term-te hi zir nachâng kan hriat ve pawh hi ṭul êm êm a ni.

Sap ṭawng grammar hmanga Mizo ṭawng teh awmzia zâwk chu: Sâp ṭawng thu mal anpuia ziah ve zel tumna hi a ni zâwk a. Entir nân–Mizo Language Committee (MLC) chuan Sâp ṭawnga ‘milk’ hi thu mal niin, ziah zawm vek a ni a; hemi entawn hian Mizo ṭawngah pawh ‘bawnghnute’ tia ziah zawm turin an dah a. Hetianga Sâp ṭawng thu mal anga Mizo ṭawng ziah ve zel tumna hi ‘Sâp ṭawng grammar hmanga Mizo ṭawng teh’ awmzia chu a ni ta a ni.

Hetih lâi hian Mizo Grammar Society (MGS) erawh chuan, “Sâp ṭawngah ‘milk’ hi thu mal ni mah sela, Mizo ṭawngah chuan ‘bawng hnute’ tih hi ziah zawm ve tur a ni lo ” an ve thung a. A chhan chu, "Mizo ṭawngah chuan ‘bawng hnute’ tih hi noun leh nounal adjective inkawp, spaced compound noun a ni a, ziah zawm tur a ni lo," an ti a ni. Hetianga ziah zawm tur a nih lohna chhan sawi fiah nâna grammar-a an nihna hming (grammar term) an sawi lan avang mai hian Sâp ṭawng grammar hmangin an teh tihna a ni lo a; Sâp ṭawngah ‘milk’ hi thu mal ni mah sela, Mizo ṭawngah chuan ‘bawng hnute’ tih hi ziah zawm ve tur a ni lo,” tia an sawinaah hian Sâp ṭawng an entawn ve lo tih chu a lang daih tawh zâwk a ni.

Heng kan han sawi chin tlêm te aṭang hian grammar term leh Sâp ṭawng hmanga Mizo ṭawng ziah dan tur teh chungchâng awmzia chu kan hre thiam deuh ruakin a rinawm a. Grammar term hi chu thu mal hrang hrang leh ṭawng kau chhehte grammar-a a sawina hming mai a ni tih pawh kan hre thiam àwm e. Grammar hmanga Mizo ṭawng ziah dan tur teh awmzia zâwk chu: Sâp ṭawng thu mal anpuia Mizo ṭawng ziah zawm ve zel tum hi a ni zâwk a ni.

- PC Thang Zikpuia