Sik leh sa inthlak (Climate change/ global warning)
Tunlai kan boruak, sik leh sa inthlak-thleng nasa (Climate change/ Global warming) leh mumal lo lutuk chungchang hi a chunga thupui kan hman zulzui hian sawifiah han tum teh ang. Climate change/ Global warming hi khawvel pum lum zawng chawhruala khaw lum chho zel hi a ni. Hemi thlentu pawimawh ber chu fossil fuels kan tih mai (tehkhin nan lungalhthei, petrol, khawnvartui leh a dang dang te) kan hman nasat lutuk avanga boruak chhia kan pek chhuah aṭanga thleng a ni.
Fossil fuels kan hman hian Green house gas (Tuihu, CO2, Methane, Nitrous oxide leh CFC) boruakah kan chhuah ta ṭhin a, boruaka a awm tur ang zat aia tam a awm hian Global warming/Climate change kan tih hi a thlen ta ṭhin a ni. Heng boruak chhia hi van sang boruaka chhovin ṭai darh mai tur a nih laiin heng green house gas hian lo dangin, boruakah an chambang a. Chumi avang chuan sik leh sa mumal lo lutuk hi a lo awm phah ta ṭhin a ni. Sik leh sa inthlak mumal lo lutukin thil a thlente kan hriat ang ang han sawi ta ila:
1. Temperature (lum leh vawt) : Chawhruala temperature tlemtea a san hian climate change hi lo awmin, chhiatna a thlen phah ta ṭhin a ni. Scientist-te chuan tuna boruak lum dan hi kum za hnuah chuan 1.4º F aṭangin 11.5º F a kai chho turin an chhut a ni.
2. Shrinking ice sheet (vur khawn kiamna) : Vurin a khuh tlang sang tak takte khi Scientist-te chuan kan khawvel lum lutuk avang hian kiam lam a pan tial tial niin an sawi. NASA-in a record danah chuan Greenland khian kum 2002 aṭanga 2006 chhung khan vur 150-250 cubic kilometers a hloh a, Antarctic-ah chuan hemi kum chhung vek hian vur 152 cubic kilometers a hloh tawh bawk. Heng avang hian hmung hrang hrangah thli tleh te, tuilian te, khawkheng te, ram kang te a thlen ta ṭhin a ni.
Vanthengreng (space) aṭanga a lan dan chuan Africa rama tlang sang tak Mt. Kilimanjaro chhip, tun hmaa vurin a khuh tlat ṭhin kha khawvel lum chak lutuk avang hian hmuh tur a awm tawh lo a ni.
3. Ocean acidification (Tuifinriat thur lutuk) : Fossil fuels kan hman nasat lutuk avang hian CO2 hi boruak leh tuiah a lo tam ta ṭhin a, hemi hian tui a ti thur ta
ṭhin a ni. An chhut danah chuan tuifinriat chhuat chung lamah hian kum tin CO2 hi 2 billion tons-in a pun belh zel a ni.
[billion = tluklehdingawn sang khat; ton = 100 kg]
4. Sea level rise (Tui chim san zawng): Record belhchiandawl ber aṭanga a lan dan chuan kum 1880 aṭang khan tui chim san zawng hi 8 inches ngawtin a pun belh a, tianga khua a lum chhoh zel chuan kum 2100 ah chuan tui chim san zawng hi 1-4 feet a pung belh tura chhut a ni.
Kan sawi tak te avang khian kan chenna khawvel hi a lo lum chho zel a nih chuan kan rin aia hmain chhiatna chi hrang hrang hi a lo thleng thei. Hemi kawnga hma kan lak dan tur erawh chu a awm ve nual a, fossil fuels te a hma aia kan hman tlem a ngai ang a, kan ram ngaw te kan humhalh ṭhat a ngai bawk. Ram ngaw hi sik leh sa lo do let nana hmanraw ṭha tak a ni - boruak chhia, tehkhin nan CO2 te hi kan ramngaw a kan thing leh maute hian lo hipin boruaka a chambang tur kha an lo vawng ṭha ta ṭhin a ni.
Sik leh sa inthlak nasa lutuk hi khawvelin a buaipui hle a ni. Hemi avang pawh hi a ni mahna tuna kan sawrkar laipui pawn tun hmaa Minsitry of Environment & Forest ni ṭhin kha tunah hian Minsitry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change tiin a thlak tak hial ni.
Climate change/ Global warming tih ziaawmna kawnga khawvel pum huapa hma la mek leh hemi kawnga in zirtirna thehdarhtu pawimawh tak chu Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) hi a ni. Kum 1988 khan khawvel ram hrang hrang scientists 1,300 leh mithiamte thawhhona aṭanga din niin, hma an lakna hrang hrangte leh mipuite hnena hriattirna ṭha an pek ṭhin avangin United Nations pawn an thil tih ṭhatte an hriatpui avangin United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) chu kum 21st March, 1994 khan din a lo ni ta a ni.
Climate change/ Global warming mipuite hriattirna leh tiang lama in zirtirna ṭha tak a pek avang hian IPCC chu kum 2007 khan Oslo-ah U.S Presidential candidate Albert Arnold (Al) Gore Jr. nen Nobel Peace Price hlan an ni ta a ni.
IPCC hian hmalakna hrang hrang an nei a, a vai chuan kan sawi seng vek awm lo e. An hmalaka pawimawh em em pakhat chu REDD (Reducing emission from deforestation and forest degradation) hi a ni. REDD chungchang hi kum 2005 khan UNFCCC-in sawi chhuakin 11th Session-ah Conference of Parties to the Convention (COP) ah sawiho tura chhawp chhuah a ni. [COP hi ram 150, IPCC hi ṭha tia pawmpuite an ni]. A lam pum
aṭanga a lan angin, sik leh sa inthlak chak lutuk tihziaawm nan chuan ramhnuaia kan thing leh maute tichereu loa kan humhalh tlat a ngai a, buh leh bal chin nana ram kan hal ṭhin te pawh hi kan tih loh deuh a ngai dawn bawk a ni.
REDD hi UNFCCC kaihhruaina huaiah COP 13th session, December 2007 ah sawiho leh niin, hma an lak tawhna chi hrang hrang thlir letin, mipui thlawp a hlawh hlea hriat a nih avangin leh ram tam takin ṭha an tih bawk avangin Bali-ah REED+ a thlak a lo ni leh ta a ni. Kyoto Protocol tia kan hriat lar em em pawh hi a bulpui berah cuan REDD aṭanga rawn irhchhuak a ni.
REDD leh REDD+ danglamna chu tiang hi a ni. “REDD is an effort to create a financial value for the carbon stored in forests, offering incentives for developing countries to reduce emissions from forested lands and invest in low carbon paths to sustainable development. REDD+ goes beyond deforestation and forest degradation, and includes the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks" [REDD+ ah chuan conservation (khek/ khawl/ hum), sustainable management of forests (awh reitir/ hun rei tak daih tur) leh enhancement of forest carbon stocks (belhchhah/ tizual) hi belh a ni.]
- Paul Lalremsanga
Research Scholar
Mizoram University