Majority leh Minority Sawrkar tih tih kha

Vanglaini article ni 5 October 2023 thupui ‘Minority sawrkar kan nei leh maithei (Plurality System Vs Majority System)’ tih kha ka lo chhiar fuh a. Hriat fiah loh deuh lai leh a chhiartu mipuite tan ngaihdan phir neih theihna ni dawna a lan avangin, sawi fiah leh sawi belh deuh ṭha niin a lang a. Democracy kalphungah hian mipui tam zawk duh danin a hniak tam lam lam panin kan kal ṭhin. Chuti chung reng si mipui tlem zawk (minority) te thlan lalin sawrkarna an siam leh hlauh ṭhin kha; helh deuh leh hnualsuat deuhna awka a awm nia a lan theih avangin heti zawng hian thil awmzia ziak lang ve teh ang.

A tam zawk (majority) han tih hian 50 per cent chunglam sawi nan kan hmang ṭhin a, 50 per cent hnuai lam hi a tlem zawk (minority) sawi nan kan hmang ṭhin. Ram ṭhenkhatah (USA ang te) a tam zawkin an vote loh chuan chak theih lohna dan an kalpui mek a, mipui tam zawk (50 per cent aia tam) vote a hmuh loh chuan candidate kha chak emaw tling tia puan tur a la ni lo. Amaherawhchu, India ramah chuan a tam zawk ni loin ‘a tam lam’ (majority) kalphungin inthlanna reng rengah chak zawk kan puang ṭhin. Hei vang hian mipui 50 per cent vote hmu tling kher lo pawh chak/tlinga puan an ni ṭhin. Hei vang hian mi tlem zawk (minority) duh danin kan kal tihna a ni chuang lo.

India Danpui Article 61 (2b), Article 249 (I), leh Article 368 (II) ah te hian majority vote awmzia a hrilhfiah a. Hemi hrilhfiahna hi Parliament dan siam chungchangah a ni a, inthlan (election) a majority sawina a ni lo thung. Heng Danpui bung leh changah te hian dan siam a nih reng rengin a tam zawk tak tak (50 per cent) remtihpuina a ṭul tih inziak kan hmu thei ang. A awmzia chu, dan siam a nih dawn reng rengin mipui tam lamten an thlan lalte khan vote an thlak ve leh a, a tam zawk (50 per cent chung lam) vote hmu zawk zawk dan kha dan puitling tia pawm leh hman a lo ni ta ṭhin. Hei hi a democracy hle a, minority sawrkar a nihna a awm lo a ni.

Tuna majority system kan sawi lai mekah chuan party tlemte te hian candidate te siamna kawngah thuneihna an nei ang, chu'ng candidate an thlan chhuahte aṭang chuan mipuiten democracy kalphung thoin duh kan thlang ve leh chauh dawn tihna a ni. A awmziaah chuan chhawng hnihin kan chunga roreltu tur kan thlang dawn tihna a ni a, a chhawng hmasa zawkah chuan kan thlan chhuah turte hming thlan chhuah hmasak a ngai, chutah chuan mipuiten chanvo kan nei ve lo a, party thuneitu mi tlem te te thlan chhuah aṭang khan a chhawng hnihnaah mipuiten kan mi duh zawng kan thlang ve thei chauh dawn tihna a nih chu.

Kan article sawi lai mek ‘Minority sawrkar kan nei leh maithei (Plurality System Vs Majority System)’ in tehkhin bera a hman USA te chu presidential system a ni a, party inrelbawlnaah pawh two party system anga kal a nih avangin, mipuiten Democrats lam emaw Republican lam emaw duh thlan mai tur an nei. Hei vang hian candidate te pawh chi hnihin hlawm lian takin an inṭhen mai ṭhin. Hei vang hian majority vote hmuh a awlsam bik a, majority vote hmu thei lo mah se, inthlang nawn lehin majority vote hmuh theihna hun a la inhawng zau viau tho. Nimahsela, India ramah te chuan kan party system hi parliamentary system niin, party inrelbawlnaah pawh Multi-party system-in kan kal a, hei vang hian majority vote hmuh a har ta bik a ni. A chhan chu party tam tak aṭanga candidate an awm theih vang a ni a, hei hian mipui tu pawh ram rorelnaa intulut ve thei turin dinhmun inang tlang tak min pe a, hei hi democracy lairil tak pawh a ni chiah a ni.

Mipui zawng zawng hian chanvo inang, dinhmun ṭha inang kan nei tlang ṭheuh a, hei vang hian candidate te pawh USA te ang lo takin kan lo tam ta ṭhin, chu chuan majority vote (50 per cent aia chung) hmuhna kawng a tiping ṭhin bawk. Nimahsela, hei vang hian kan thlan tlin te kha mipui siam sawrkar an ni lo kan ti thei chuang lo, a chhan chu remchanna thuhmun 'equal opportunity' aṭanga thlan lal an nih avangin mipui zawng zawng ai awh zoah ngaih tho an ni.

Hman kum khan Hong Kong ah zirlaiten nawrhna nasa tak an huaihawt chiam mai a, an nawrh chhan ber chu Hong Kong roreltu thlan chhuah dan chungchangah a ni. China dan chuan Hong Kong Chief Executive thlanchhuah dan tur chu chhawng hnihin kalpui a ni ang a; a chhawng khatnaah chuan nomination thlan hmasak phawt tur a ni ang, a chhawng hnihnaah chuan nomination thlan chhuahte aṭangin mipuiten Chief Executive tur an duh ber an thlang leh ang tih a ni. A hming chuan democracy anga inthlanna neih tho chu a ni. Amaherawhchu, inthlan chhawng hmasa zawk hi zirlaiten an duh loh leh an nawrhpui nasat ber chu a ni.

Inthlan chhawng khatnaah hian mi tlem téin vote an nei a, mi hausa leh thil titheizualten Chief Executive ni turin an mi duh zawng tu pawh an dah chhuak thei. Inthlan chhawng khatna chu ‘Nomination’ a ni a, chhawng hnihna chu ‘election’ tia koh a ni. A huatthlala lai ber chu chhawng khatnaah hian mi tlem tein vote an neih avangin Hong Kong mipui zawng zawngte ai an awh zo lo a ni. Hetiang chiah hi ram ṭhenkhat kalphung a ni mek a, political party nei tlem ramah pawh hetiang ang deuh hian inthlan chhawng hnih ‘nomination’ leh ‘election’ hi kalpui a ni. Political party a tlem chuan mipuite hian dinhmun thuhmun kan nei lo a; political party a tam hian mipuite hian duhthlan tur kan ngah bakah ram rorelnaah tel ve theihna dinhmun inhawng zau tak kan neih phah a ni.

He kan kalphung tidanglam tur chuan kan party system hi kan tih danglam hmasak a ngai, chumi a nih loh chuan majority vote (50 per cent chung lam) hmuh hi thil harsa tak tur a ni. Kan party system tidanglamin party pahnih emaw chauh awm remti ta ila, mipui lam aṭangin 'remchanna thuhmun (equal opportunity) kan nei lo' tia Hong Kong zirlaite anga kawng zawh duh pawl an awm hial a rinawm.

Hriat tur chu parliamentary democracy ram zawng zawngah hian kalphung a inang vek a, kan thlan tlin turte hi 50 per cent vote hmu ngei ngei turin Danpui hian a phut kher lo. Chutiang bawk chuan, India pawh parliamentary democracy a nih angin, inthlan hi ngaih pawimawh hle niin- inthlan buaipui tur hian India Danpui Article 324 a ziah lan angin Election Commission of India (ECI) din a ni a. ECI hi sawrkar lungthu pathum legislative, executive leh judiciary te thuneihna hnuaiah a awm lo a ni. Amaherawhchu, inthlan chungchanga thil tihsual emaw thil fel tawk lo deuh a awm chuahin judiciary hi a inrawlh thei chauh a ni. Article 326 na hian Parliament (Lok Sabha) leh Legislative Assembly (Vidhyan Sabha) inthlanah hian puitling vote nei thei chinin vote an thlak ang a ti a. MP (Lok Sabha) leh MLA inthlanah te chuan candidate zinga vote hmu sang ber chu tlinga puan a ni ṭhin a; hei hi Election Rules a inziak dan pawh a ni. Amaherawhchu, India Danpui leh Election Rules ah hian inthlana tlinga puan turte hian vote chanve aia sang zawk (more than 50 per cent) a hmu ngei ngei tur tih hi a inziak lo. Tin, party-ten bial zawng zawnga vote an hmuh zat percentage hi majority vote-a pawm tur tiin India Danpui leh Election Rules ah te hian ziah lanna a awm lo bawk. Parliamentary democracy ramah chuan MP candidate vote hmu tam ber tlinga puan hian 20 per cent chauh vote hmu pawh ni se, tling a ni mai a; chu chu parliamentary democracy kal dan a ni. State ṭhenkhatah phei chuan candidate an tam avanga candidate vote hmu sang ber, tlinga puan ni tho si dahkham chawi a awm tawh nghe nghe. Manipur-a Kangpokpi District-a Saitu bialah chuan MLA tling ve tho sia dahkham chawi a awm tawh a ni.

Majority, minority, plurality te hi political term pawimawh tak an ni hlawm a, political theory-in a tum loh deuhva awmzia nei miah lova hrilhfiah theih a nih vangin – fimkhur a ṭha hle mai. Indian Danpui leh election danah te leh parliamentary democracy ram dang danpui leh election danah te hian, inthlana vote hmuh percentage hi majority-a pawm a ni ngai lo a. Tin, majority ni tura 50 per cent aia tam zawk hmuh ngei ngei tur tih pawh a ni chaung lo. Chu bakah, democracy-ah pawh hian parliamentary democratic system leh presidential democratic system te hi vote thlak dan kalphung leh party kalphung inang miah lo an nih vangin khaikhin chi an ni lo tih hriat a ṭha. Chuvangin, mahni huang lo deuh dai leh a ṭobul kan hriat chian lohte hi ziah leh sawite fimkhur tlan pawh a ṭha khawp mai.

Mizoram inthlan chanchin kan en let chuan, District Council hun aṭang khan majority sawrkar hlirin ro an lo rel chho zel a, majority sawrkar zawng zawng hian vote share ah chuan 50 per cent aia tam vote an hmu vek kher lo. A chhan chu, danpui pawhin 50 per cent aia tam zawk vote share hmu ngei tura a phut kher loh vang a ni. Mizo District Council huna party langte chu MU, UMFO, MNF leh Indian National Congress (INC) te an ni a, sawrkarna erawh MU kutah a lo awm zel a. Term hnunung berah chauh INC sawrkar a lo lang a, sawrkar a inthlak zing hle a nih kha.

UT huna party langte chu MU, INC leh PC te an ni a, MU chu INC-a lakluh a nih tak avangin a lang chhunzawm tawh lo a ni. UT hunah hian PC-in sawrkarna vawi hnih a siam a, state hmuh hn

uah PC party chu MPC tia thlak lo niin tunah PC an ni leh ta a, chuvangin, UT hun chhung khan MPC party hi a awm lo hrim hrim a ni.
Tunah hian Mizoramin state a hmuh hnua MLA inthlan vawi 9-na kan hmachhawn dawn a, November 7-a vote thlak tur a ni a, tun ṭumah pawh hian India Danpuia a lan angin bial tinah vote hmu sang ber zel tlinga puan an ni ang a, seat 40-a MLA 20 aia tam tling party chuan sawrkarna a siam leh mai dawn a. Sawrkarna siam tur party erawhin vote share-ah 50 per cent aia tam a hmu kher lo thei. Chu chu lo thleng pawh ni se, majority sawrkar dik tak a ni a, ‘minority sawrkar a ni lo’ tih kan hriat a ṭha. Chu chu India Danpui leh Election Laws and Rules ten a tarlan dan pawh a ni e. Dan leh hrai leh constitution chungchangte hi mahni irawm chhuaka ngaihdan duh duha phuahchhawpa ziah chi a ni lo va, danpuia awmsa leh kalphung awmsa kalh lo hram hi a ṭha e.

- Dr Lalengkima, Dept. of Political Science, ICFAI University Mizoram