Political Ideology leh Mizoram-a Political Party te

Pawlin emaw, political party ten emaw, ram (country) ten an inrelbawl dan tura innghah nana an hman ṭhin chu Political Ideology tih a ni. Entir nan - Liberalism te, Socialism te, Conservatism leh a dang te hi political ideology huang chhungah an awm a. Mimal emaw, mi tlem te emaw, a huho angte'n political ideology chu zawmin, mimal ngaihdan leh pawl innghah chhan nan an hmang thei bawk a ni. Communism/Communist ideology chu vawiin thlengin an ram inghahna leh kaihhruai nan China, North Korea, Laos, Cuba leh Vietnam te chuan an la hmang niin Encyclopedia Britannica chuan a tarlang a. Tun dinhmuna Mizoram-a political party lian pathumte hian eng ang political ideology nge an zawm/àwn tihah hian mipui pawh kan la chiang tawk lo em em a. An party constitution-a an dah dan zulzuiin eng ang political ideology nge an zawm/àwn tih i han en thuak teh ang.

Khawvel zau zawk kan thlir chuan political ideology lar tak tak, mihring zalenna leh dikna chanvo dah pawimawh na (Liberalism), mimal zalenna aia sorkar thuneihna dah chungnunna (Authoritarianism), chin ṭhin dan phung humhalh duh na (Conservatism), hmasawnna rualkhai, retheihna umbo leh intluktlanna ngaih pawimawhna (Socialism), sakhaw zalenna (Secularism), hnam dah chungnungna (Nationalism) etc. te hian khawvel ram hrang hrang inrelbawlna leh political party te kalphung an kai hruai nasa a. Heng ang political ideology te hian ram leh khawtlang inrelbawlnaah nghawng lian tak a nei a. Political ideology khat ring mihring te chuan ṭanrual leh inhung bikna an kalpui ṭhin. French political scientist Maurice Duverger-a chuan kum zabi 19th chho a political ideology vanga mi hausa leh hausa lo zawk te inhrui pawhna chuan Europe ram-ho ah political party thar Conservative, Socialist leh Liberal parties te a hring chhuak, a ti a ni.

A nih leh vawiina Mizorama political party lian Indian National Congress (INC), Mizo National Front (MNF) leh Zoram People’s Movement (ZPM) hian eng ang political ideology nge an sir thluk tih hi han en ila. INC hi chu national party a nih ang ngeiin Secularism, Socialism leh Democracy (mipui rorelna) hi an auhla a ni ber reng zel a. Tualṭo party (regional party) ZPM pawh hian Secularism leh Socialism ideology hi an dah pawimawh hle a, an constitution preamble ah an tarlang hial a ni.

MNF bik hi tun dinhmunah Mizorama regional party upa ber a ni mek a. Kum 1966, March thla aṭanga zalenna suala India an do khan an party hian political ideology hmangin mipui rilru an hneh thiam em em a. Ethno-Nationalism/Mizo Nationalism ideology inghah nana hmangin Mizo te hi ram leh hnam khat (nation) anga ding chhuak thei kan nih zia an han aupui khan mipui rilru a hneh awlsam ta em em a. Tin, Hindu sakhua zui tamna India rama awm Mizote tan kristian sakhua humhalh a, ram hran neih a ngaihzia (religious nationalism) mipui an han fah phei kha chu Mizote rilru no ko chhuakin, MNF kha an zawm ta ruih ruih bawk a tih theih ang. Amaherawhchu, political party anga kum 1986 aṭanga an han indin thar leh kha chuan Democracy, Secularism leh Socialism ideology hi an party innghah nan an dah pawimawh chho ta tih, an constitution aṭangin kan hmu a ni.

Tuna Mizorama party lian pathum te hian an ideology zul hian ram tana hmasawnna tur policy leh programme pawh an duang a. INC - Mizoram Economic Development Initiative (MEDI), Mizo ṭawnga ‘Ṭang Puihna’ te, MNF - Socio-Economic Development Policy (SEDP) te, ZPM - Sustainable Development and Reform Policy (SDRP) te han zir hian Socialism/Socialist ideology hi hlawhtlinpui an tum vek niin a lang. Securalism chungchangah pawh INC hi chuan an party chhungah sakhaw zalenna hi an dah pawimawh em em a. Mizoram chhung kristian awm tam lohna constituencies-ah pawh nghet taka lo indin tawh leh, ding chhuak ṭhin an nih zia kan hmu tawh a.

Chutih laiin, party ideology-a secularism dah lian tho si a, Mizoten kan zui kristian sakhua dah chungnung a, ‘Pathian leh Kan Ram Tan’ tih te, ‘Ram Rorelnaa Pathian Ram Tun Din’, ‘Ram Rorelnaa Pathian Ram Thlen Tir’ tih aupui ṭhin tualṭo party te hian eng chen nge sakhaw zalenna hi an party chhungah an kalpui tih hi zawhna pawimawh tak a ni. A vawi khat nan a party anga kumin state assembly election hmachhawn tur ZPM hian kristian tam lohna constituencies ah eng chen nge an thlen dawn tih hi hriat chakawm tak a ni awm e. Tin, khi'ng kan sawi bakah hian tualṭo party pahnih te hian an party thil tumah Mizo hnam, ram leh sakhaw humhalh leh himna te, Zofate luah chin ram rorelna pakhat hnuaia dah an ngaih pawimawh zia an tarlang bawk a. Hei hian chiang taka a tarlan chu hnam bil politics, hnam bil humhalh leh din chhuahtir duhna ethno-nationalism/Mizo nationalism hian Mizoram politics-ah hmun pawimawh tak a luah reng a, a luah zel dawn ni paw'n a lang bawk.

'Zofate/Mizo hnahthlakte rorelna pakhat hnuaia dah’ tih hi Mizorama tualṭo party (a hlui leh a thar te paw'n) hrim hrim hian an constitution ah an ziak lang deuh vek zel a. National leh state boundary khawih thil a nih avang hian Zofate tan ram khat (Mizo/Zo Nation) neih nge, India hnuaia Mizoram state boundary zauh a, ‘Greater Mizoram’ siam an tinzawn, tih hi sawi chian theih se. Kum 20 chhung tharuma sual chhuah tum leh hlawhchhampui tawh kha, tualṭo party-te hian neih theih an la inbeisei tak tak em? Mizo mipui rilrem zawng a nih vanga political slogan-a hmang mai mai an ni zawk em? Heng bakah, party lian pahnih INC leh MNF hian an constitution-a Democratic ideology an ngaih pawimawh ang ngeiin an party inrelbawlna leh thunneihna insem zai danah a tam lam duhthlanna an ngai pawimawh a, chutih rualin hotu lute'n an thuneihna an duh dana an ken tlang chang a awm ta fo mai a. Hei hian party chhungah buaina neuh neuh, lungawi lohna te pawh a hring chhuak ṭhin bawk a ni. ZPM erawh a huhoa rorelna (collective leadership) kalpui an ni a. Hei hian an party dinhmun a sawh nghet tawk nge tawk lo tih chu kan la hre chho zel ang.

Kan sawi tawh angin political ideology inan lohna hian ram leh khawtlangah inṭhen hranna a thlen ṭhin a. India ram kan thlir chuan, political party te hi an constitution-a inziak ang ni lo. An kal dan phung azirin hlawm hnih–Leftist ideology leh Rightist ideology zawmah ṭhen hran an ni a. He ideology pahnih inkarah hian lai taka kal ṭhin–Centrist ideology zawmte dah tel an ni bawk a, chutiang ang party chu INC hi a ni.

Centrist ideology hian leftist ideology a awn zawk mah avangin leftist huangah dah ta mai ila. Leftist ideology zawmte chuan mimal zalenna te, thuneihna sem zai te, khua leh tui intluktlanna leh hmasawnna rualkhai te, sakhuana leh politics kaih hran te, sakhaw zalenna te, hnam hnuaihnung ngaihsak te, ram tih hmasawnna kawnga sorkar a tam thei ang ber inrawlhtirte leh a dangte an support em em a. Heng leftist ideology zawmah chuan Communist Party of India (Marxist) te, Indian National Congress (Centre-left), Aam Aadmi Party (Further left of Centre) te hi a lar pawl an ni. He ideology kalh zawng hian Rightist ideology zawm pawl an awm ve leh a, chu'ng ang party te chuan sorkar inrelbawlnaah thuneihna sem zai loh te, ram rorelnaa dan khat hman ngaih pawimawh te, hnam hnuaihnung humhalh bik awm loa intluktlanna te, sakhuana hmanga hnam phuarkhawma ram rorelna tun din te (religious nationalism) , ram tih hmasawnna kawnga sorkar aia mimal/industry thawk thei dah pawimawh te leh a dangte an support a. Heng Rightist ideology zawmah chuan Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), Shiv Sena (Extreme or Far Right) te hi a mei zang hlaptu India ramah an ni.

Heng ideology lian pahnih huang chhungah hian India ram politics hi kum tam tak a awm tawh a. A nihna takah chuan leftist ideology hian liberalism leh socialism a àwn a, rightist ideology hian conservatism leh nationalism lam a àwn thung a ni. MNF leh ZPM party te policy leh programme han en chuan leftist ideology an awnin a lang a, chutih rualin an party thil tum huanga Mizo hnam leh kristian sakhua humhalh an duh dan en chuan rightist ideology lam pawh an awn tel a tih theih ang. Rightist ideology hrulah BJP chuan Hindu sakhua hmanga India ram tun din an tum laiin, Mizoram tualṭo party te chuan Kristian sakhua chawisan leh Mizo hnam humhim leh ram humhalh an tum a ni ber mai.

Party inkaihhruai nana political ideology in hmun pawimawh a chan zia kan sawi chiang tawh a. Chutih laiin political ideology hian Mizoram politics ah hmun pawimawh a chang tawk lo ṭhinin a lang a. He ngaihdan tichiangtu pakhat chu kum 2018 Chakma Autonomous District Council (MADC) a INC leh BJP ten sorkar siam tura thawhhona an han nei thei mai kha a ni. Tun hnuah erawh Mizoram Congress hi an che fimkhur ta fu. Tin, Mizoram tualṭo party ten rightist ideology hrula Mizo hnam leh kristian sakhua chawisang leh humhalh duhna kalpui si a, centre-a Hindutva chawi vula rightist ideology kalpuitu political party an thawhpui chang a awm leh ṭhin avang hian mipui sawisel pawh an hlawh nasa a. He issue hi Mizoram politics-ah inchirh thehna thlentu lian leh sawi hlawh tak a ni chho reng a nih ber mai hi.

Mizoram tualṭo party te hi centre-a sorkarna siam thawhpui leh pui lohah an dinhmun hi a khirh chang a awm ta fo mai. Ideology inkalh viau ṭhin mah se state pachhia kan nih vang hian state-a rorel lai party-ten centre-a sorkarna siamtu party thawhpui a ngaih chin a awm ṭhin a. MNF president chuan July ni 25 khan media hmaah BJP kaihhruai National Democratic Alliance (NDA) chu issue base-a an zawm thu a sawi a. Hei hian a tarlan chu kan tualṭo party te hian ideology base-in ṭan lam an siam hlei thei lo tih hi a ni. Hetih lai hian tun hnai Mizoram state politics ah ideology vanga inṭhenna a thleng a. Mizoram-a INC hmalaknain Mizoram Secular Alliance, August ni 18 khan political party pathum inzawmkhawmten an din a. He alliance hi rightist ideology hrula Hindutva champion-pui tumtu BJP duh loh vanga din a ni a. He alliance-a tel ve lo ZPM party pawn BJP (NDA) thawhpui an tum loh thu, an president-in July ni 28 khan a sawi bawk a. Leftist ideology zula kal mah zawk ZPM party hian national party-ah INC nge BJP an àwn dawn tih hi sawi chianna fak an nei lo a. An party Chief Ministerial candidate chuan vai pawl an zawm ve dawn loh thu August ni 19 khan a sawi a. Hei hian INC leh BJP an thawhpui ngai dawn loh thu a kawk em tih chu zawhna a ni. Kum tawp state legislative assembly election-ah hian lo che ṭha ta se, centre-a sorkarna siam party thawhpui lo hian an term an hmang tluan thei ang em tih chu mipuiin kan ngaihven reng tur a ni dawn a ni.

Mizoram-a political party te hian an ideology an dah pawimawh tawk loh ṭhin bakah, a kalh zawnga chet chang an nei fo a. Mizoram-a political party tinin ideology atan socialism an hmang tih kan hre tawh a. He ideology nghenchhana mipui tana policy leh programme an duante a ṭhat hlawm nen, party bil induhsakna avangin awmze neiin a hlawhtling tawk ta lo ṭhin a. Chu chuan ram chhung mipuiteah hmasawnna rualkhai, retheite khai chhuahna leh intluktlanna tluantling a thlen ta ṭhin lo a ni.

Hman deuha party pakhat hruaitu lawkin party policy leh programme inziahna Manifesto te chu party tin ten kan inziah ṭhatsiak a tihte kha mipuiin kan nuih liampui mai a. Amaherawchu, kha ṭawngkam phenah khan thil pawi tak a awm a ni tih kan hre kher awm lo e. Party ideology-in party inkaihhruainaah ngaih pawimawh a hlawh tawh loh chuan sum leh thuneihna inchuhnain party chhungah ro a rel vat a, party MLA candidate leh party hruaitu ni tur paw'n party ideology-a ding nghet tak ai chuan, sum nei zawkte dinchannaah party chhung leh ramchhung politics hi a chhuak mai ṭhin. Party ideology-a chhum hmin loh, hlut leh dah pawimawh nachang hre loten thuneihna an chan chuan; party mi leh sa induhsakna leh mahni ṭanghma hainain party chhungah bu a khuar vat a, kal sual an ni tawh tih pawh inhre lo lekin an party hruai kha a zuih ral emaw, mipuiah tla na loin election-ah an chak tawk ta lo ṭhin a. Tin, party inrelbawlnaah an ideology aia hruaitu lawkte hming a len tawh chuan, chu hruaitu awm loh hun chu an tlak hniam hun tur a ni mai.

An party kalphunga rightist ideology hrula Hindutva chawi vultu BJP hi Mizoten political ideology vanga political party kan support hleih theih loh awm chhun a la ni awm e. Hetih lai hian Mizoram-a party dang ideology hi chu mipuite ngaihven leh rilru luahtu a ni pha lem lo niin a lang a. Mizoram state assembly election kan neih tawhah te pawh party ideology base-a siam policy leh programme te ai chuan, issue base leh sorkar lai ninna (anti-incumbency wave) hian mipui vote thlak dan phung a kaihruai nasa ber zawk em aw a tih theih a. Kan party awn lamten eng ideology nge an kalpui, chumi mil chuan an policy/programme leh party kal dan phung an her dik em tih ngaihvenna kawngah mipui kan ṭhangharh a ngai takzet.

Chutih rualin party tinte paw'n an party hruaitu an thlan kawngah mahni inhaivur aia an party ideology mil policy leh programme an duante dik leh nghet taka kalpui ngam tur an zawn thiam a ngai bawk. Party bil induhsakna kal kan ngam hruaituten party han hruai ta ṭhin se, election dawn apianga ṭawngkam lar - kan insiamṭha tawh, mipui pawi kan lo sawi, kan lo tisual, kalphung thar tih hluaite hi a ngai tawh lo ang.

Party ideology awn leh duh vanga party zawm ai chuan hruaitu lu ngaihsan leh duh vang te, party dang aṭanga tlan tauh nan te leh dinhmun ṭha hmuh leh chan theihna tur vang ringawt te hian, political party hi zawm ta ṭhin kan ni te hian a lang a. Hei hian party kal leh zelna turah a chhe zawngin nghawng pawi tak a nei ṭhin. Party aṭanga duh leh beisei ang hmuh loh vang leh hruaitute laka lungawi lohna hi mi tam takin an awmna party an chhuahsan chhan niin he kan Zoram politics-ah hian a hriat a. Mizoram-a political party tin hruaitute hian an member te entawntlakin an party ideology an vawnhim deuh deuh a ṭul takzet. Chutianga an kal ngam ngat zel a nih chuan mahni ṭanghma aia ram leh party hma hun dah pawimawh nachang hria; member nghet an nei telh telh zawk ngei ang. Chutih rualin party ideology lamin a thlun ngheh ni lo, party-a nghet tak hi a awm ve leh theih a. Heti ang party-a ṭan khawh tawh laklawh te chuan an awmna party kha ram leh hnam emaw an ti tawh mai ṭhin a ni. ◆

- R. Vanlalhmangaihsanga, Deptt. of Political Science
Gov’t. J. Buana College, Lunglei